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PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY
VOLUME XXXII
THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
VOL. I
JANUARY 1899
PAPERS
ILLUSTRATING THE HISTORY OF
THE SCOTS BRIGADE
IN THE SERVICE OF THE
UNITED NETHERLANDS
1572-1782
Extracted by permission from the Government
Archives at The Hague, and edited by
JAMES FERGUSON
VOL. I
1572-1697
EDINBURGH
Printed at the University Press by T. and A. CONSTABLE
for the Scottish History Society
1899
DR
ISO
£25
CONTENTS
PAGE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION, ix
List of the Successive Colonels of the Scots Brigade, . . xxxiv
DIVISION I
The War of Independence, 1572-1609.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE, . . . • , • * • 3
(1.) Preliminary Extracts from the Archives of Holland.
1573-1587, . .36
(2.) States of War. 1579-1609,. . . . . .43
(3.) Commissions granted by the Council at the East side
of the Meuse, the Governor-General, the Earl of
Leicester, and the Council of State. 1581-1595, . 76
(4.) Extracts relating to the claims of Colonel Bartholomew
Balfour and the position of the Scottish Officers.
1586-1594, 96
(5.) Papers relating to the Claims and Embassies of
Colonel Sir William Stewart of Houston, Sir
William Murray, and Others, and Reports of the
Dutch Embassies to England and Scotland in
1588, 1589, and 1594. 1588-1595, . . .115
(6.) Extracts from Resolutions of the [States-General,
Letters of Recommendation, and Requests and
Petitions sent to the Council of State. 1 594-1 609, 177
vi THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
DIVISION II
The Time of the Twelve Years Truce, 1609-1621.
PAGE
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE, : . . . . . .221
(1.) States of War. 1610-1618, 226
(2.) Extracts from Correspondence, Recommendations,
Resolutions, Reports, and Requests. 1 609-1 611, . 234
(3.) Extracts relating to the Services and Claims of Sir
^ William Balfour and Captain Henry Balfour.
1611-1615, . 250
(4.) Extracts relating to the Services and Claims of
Colonel Lord Buccleuch and his Son the first
I. Earl of Buccleuch. 1611-1620, ... . 256
(5.) Resolutions, Reports, Requests, Recommendations,
etc. 1612-1620, . 270
DIVISION III
The Thirty Years War, 1621-1648.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE, ....... 307
(1.) States of War. 1621-1648, .318
(2.) Resolutions, Reports, Requests, Recommendations,
, etc. 1621-1629, . . . .... 335
(3.) Resolutions relating to Captain William Douglas.
1626-1629, . . . ... .358
(4.) Further Extracts relating to the Services and Claims
of Sir William Balfour. 1627-1 634, . . .369
(5.) Extracts relating to the Claims and Services of the
Earl of Buccleuch. 1623-1635, . . . .378
(6.) Papers relating to the Earl of Morton's Regiment,
commanded by Lord Kinfauns. 1629-1630, . . 396
CONTENTS vii
PACE
(7.) Resolutions, Despatches, etc., relative to recruiting in
England and Scotland. 1632-1 638, . . . 406
(8.) Resolutions, Reports, Requests, Recommendations,
etc. 1630-1645, . . . 438
DIVISION IV
The Age of William of Orange and the
British Revolution, 1649-1697.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE, ....... 465
(1.) States of War. 1 649-1689, . . . ' . . .489
(2.) Papers illustrating the Position of the Brigade
during the War with the English Commonwealth.
1652-1653, 519
(3.) Papers illustrating the Position of the Brigade during
the War with Great Britain. 1664-1668, . . 521
(4.) Papers relating to the Despatch of the Brigade to
England on the occasion of the Duke of Mon-
mouth's Rebellion. 1685, 536
(5.) Papers relating to the Recall of the Brigade by
King James in 1688. 1688, 542
(6.) The Revolution of 1688, and the period in British
Service to the Peace of Ryswick. 1689-1697, . 566
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
THE papers embraced in this and the subsequent volumes
consist of documents, transcribed in Holland, illustrating the
services of the Scots regiments to the United Netherlands
during the long period of more than two hundred years for
which the Scots Brigade formed part of the permanent military
establishment of the Dutch Republic, except for an interregnum
of about ten years between the Revolution of 1688 and the
Peace of Ryswick, when these troops were in British pay, and
in the direct service of Great Britain under King William in.
They consist of two classes : (a) Documents from the archives
of the United Netherlands at the Hague, relating to part of
the sixteenth, the seventeenth, and the eighteenth centuries ;
and (b) the Rotterdam Papers, a collection of regimental
papers which were kept in the regiments, and afterwards pre-
served among the records of the Scots Church at Rotterdam,
from which they were removed to the municipal archives at the
Town Hall, where they still remain. In the first volume are
embraced the documents from the Dutch Government archives
relating to the period prior to the service of the Brigade in
Great Britain after the Revolution of 1688 : in the second it is
proposed to include the further documents from the State
archives for the period from 1697 to the final merging of the
Brigade among the Dutch national troops, and the departure
of the British officers : and in the third, the Rotterdam Papers,
which form a separate series, will be printed.
The sources from which the papers contained in the first
two volumes are drawn consist of several series of records
preserved in the 'Rijks Archief at the Hague. They include
x THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
extracts from the Resolutions of the States-General, from the
secret resolutions of the same, from the * Instruction Books,'
the files of the incoming documents, and separate portfolios
of requests, from the diplomatic correspondence, the secret
diplomatic correspondence, and the reports of the ambassadors
given to the States-General on their return to the Hague.
They also include extracts from the resolutions of the Council
of State, from the collection of letters sent to the Council of
State, from the commission books of the Land Council at the
east side of the Meuse, which preceded the Council of State
(1581-84) and of the Council of State, and from the portfolios
marked Military Affairs. The names of the officers are taken
from the States of War, which are documents made up with the
object of showing the military establishment for the time
being, and the proportion in which its expenses fell to be
defrayed by the separate provinces which constituted the
United Netherlands.
It will be noted that the archives of the United Netherlands
at the Hague do not furnish illustrations of the earlier history
of the Scottish troops, the reason being that it was only after
the Union of Utrecht, and the reconciliation of the Walloon
Provinces with the King of Spain, that the permanent central
government of the outstanding provinces took shape. Previous
to this the Scottish troops were either in the service of Holland
and Zealand alone, or in that of the States- General of the
whole associated provinces of the Low Countries during the
campaigns against Don John of Austria. As, however, special
interest attaches to the early services of the Scots in the war
of independence, there are prefixed to the papers which form
the proper subject of the volume, a series of extracts from the
Resolutions and Pay Lists of Holland which supply the blank.
With this exception the mass of material has rendered it
necessary to confine the reproduction to the archives of the
United Netherlands. To search for and publish the whole
documents relating to the Brigade in the Low Countries
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xi
would involve ransacking not only the independent archives
of Holland, but those also of Zealand, Guelderland, and pro-
bably other provinces, and certainly those of the great garrison
towns like Breda, Bois-le-Duc, and Maestricht. But a con-
siderable amount of material has been obtained from the
Records of Holland, which has been found valuable for pur-
poses of illustration and explanation, while the annotation in
regard to the personnel of the officers has been much assisted
by extracts from the Oath Books and Commission Books.
The extent of time covered by the subject, and the clear-
marked character of the periods into which the history divides
itself, indicated the method which has been adopted in the
arrangement of the materials. The papers have been collected
in sections corresponding to distinct historical developments,
and a short historical introduction, noting the services of the
Scots regiments, as far as they can be traced, prefixed to each
section. The documents have themselves been arranged,
irrespective of the series of Dutch records from which they
come, in chronological order, subject, however, to the collecting
together, where this seemed advisable, of those relating to a
particular subject or the claims of a particular individual.
THE SUCCESSION OF THE REGIMENTS
The Scots Brigade in Holland began by the enlistment of
separate companies, each complete under its own captain. At
what time these were embodied into a distinct regiment it is
difficult to say, but they underwent the experience afterwards
undergone by the Black Watch, and by every administrative
battalion of rifle volunteers. Colonel Ormiston is referred to in
1573. In 1586 the Scots companies were divided into two
regiments under Colonels Balfour and Patten, and by the time
of the Spanish Armada, if not indeed before, the elder regiment
seems to have had its complete regimental organisation. The
second regiment was brought over complete by Lord Buccleuch
in 1603. The third was formed on a readjustment in 1628, and
xii THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
although from 1655 to 1660 the three were again converted into
two, and between 1665 and 1672 the third regiment became
completely Hollandised, and its place was taken, in 1673, by a
newly raised one, the two older regiments had an unbroken
existence from 1588, if not from 1572, and from 1603
respectively, while the third, dating from 1673, substantially
represented the one formed in 1628.1
But while from 1628 onwards there were substantially three
permanent regiments in service, on special occasions the number
was increased. Thus in the campaign against Don John of
Austria, Stuart's regiment also served, and from the allusion
to other colonels, it would seem that there were others in the
pay of other provinces. In 1629 the Earl of Morton's regiment,
commanded by Lord Hay of Kinfauns, served at the siege of
Bois-le-Duc. In 1697-98 three additional Scottish regiments,
Ferguson's, Lord Strathnaver's, and Hamilton's, were tempo-
rarily employed, replacing the English Brigade, and again
during the time of Marlborough three regiments (Lord
Portmore's, Lord Strathnaver's, and Hamilton's) were em-
ployed, and reduced after the Peace of Utrecht. Again a
fourth regiment, commanded by the Earl of Drumlanrig,
was in service from 1747 to 1753.
CAVALRY, ETC.
The services of the Scots were not confined to the infantry arm.
During the earlier period there seem to have been at least two
companies (squadrons or troops) of Scottish cavalry and some-
times more in the service of the States. Captain Wishart received
a commission as captain of horse-arquebusiers in March 1586,
and served until 1615 or 1616, when his company appears to
have been transferred to Sir William Balfour, who commanded
it till 1628. William Edmond received a commission as
captain of lancers in 1588, and led his squadron at least
See List of Colonels, pp. xxxiv-xxxv.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xiii
until his succession to the command of the infantry regiment
in 1699 ; and his son Thomas came from the infantry to a
cavalry command in 1625. Patrick Bruce was commissioned
as captain of a hundred lancers in 1593, and Thomas Erskine
and Henry Bruce appear as cavalry captains in 1599. Captain
Hamilton, a gallant Scottish cavalry captain, fell in the decisive
charge at Nieuport in 1600. In 1604, after much deliberation
and some remonstrance, the States accepted the offer of Archi-
bald Erskine to raise a company of cuirassiers ; and the troubles
of a cavalry captain, the anxieties of the magistrates of Zwolle
in connection with his troop, and the questions that arose on
his death in 1608, will be found illustrated in the papers.1 In
1617 and 1620 Robert Irving and William Balfour appear as
cavalry captains, the former probably being succeeded by the
younger Edmond, and at the close of the Thirty Years'
War, William Hay and Sir Robert Hume occupy a similar
position.
The papers also disclose the names of artillerymen and
engineers, while of the infantry officers some, such as William
Douglas and Henry Bruce, distinguished themselves as inventors
and scientific sbldiers. John Cunningham won reputation
as an artillery officer at Haarlem, nor was he the only Scot
who commanded the artillery. On 30th June 1608, James
Bruce's request to succeed Peter Stuart was refused. Breda
also requested that James Lawson, a Scot, should be appointed
cannoneer of the city. Samuel Prop, engineer, appears in the
States of War.
MILITARY ORGANISATION, PAY, ETC.
The numbers of the companies varied. Originally the
ordinary strength appears to have been one hundred and fifty
for each ordinary company, and two hundred for the colonel's
(or life) company. Of the one hundred and fifty, one hundred
Pp. 196, 204, 215, and 275.
xiv THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
were musketeers (or harquebusiers) and fifty pikemen. In 1598
the companies were temporarily reduced to one hundred and
twenty heads.1 How long the pikemen were continued is
not certain, but General Mackay's Memoirs show that 'old
pikemen ' served in the Scottish campaign of 1689-90. (See
documents showing establishment under William the Silent,
p. 43, Commissions, pp. 82-93.) The sergeant-major and the
provost-marshal appear in 1587, the 'minister1 in 1597, and
the lieutenant-colonel and quartermaster in 1599. The
establishment of a company will be found detailed in the com-
missions printed on pp. 76-95. It will be noted that in some
cases one or two pipers are mentioned, and in others none. In
1607 the colonels remonstrated against the English and Scots
companies being reduced to seventy rank and file, 'pesle-mesle
avec la reste de rarmee.12 In 1621 it was resolved to increase
the foreign companies to one hundred and twenty.
The number of companies in a regiment seems to have varied,
but in the reorganisation into three regiments in 1628 it was
fixed at ten companies.3 The difficulties that attended the
supply of men for the regiments, and the competition of foreign
states in the British recruiting field, are illustrated by a series
of documents relating to the recruiting in England and Scot-
land between the years 1632 and 1638.4
The rates of pay for the different ranks in the time of William
the Silent are shown by a document from the archives of the
Council of State, prefixed to the States of War of 1579-1609.5
The commissions of 1586 and subsequent years also show the
agreed-on pay, and indicate a method of payment which led to
many questions. Thus for Colonel Balfour's company of two
hundred men, he was entitled to .£2200 of forty Flemish
grotten (or groats ?) per pound per month, each month being
calculated as consisting of thirty-two days, but the monthly
1 Meteren, fol. 311. 2 P. 241. 3 MS. of Holland.
4 Pp. 406-437. In 1641 there was presented to the Scottish Parliament a
letter from the Prince of Orange in favour of officers sent over ' for re-enforcing
their regiments, which are greatly decayed and diminished . ' — Scots Acts.
5 P. 43-
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xv
payment was only made each forty-eighth day, and the balance
of one- third of the pay thus retained constituted the arrears
which led to so many claims on the part of the Scottish officers,
to the issue of letters of marque by the King of Scotland in the
case of Colonel Stuart, and to the compromises for slump sums
or annual pensions, in his, Sir William Murray's, Colonel Bal-
four's, and other cases. In 1588 the objections of the Scottish
captains to this system, and their insistence on obtaining some
security for the settlement of their arrears, led to the dismissal
of some of them by the States- General, and to the others being
required to sign a declaration expressly stating their acquies-
cence in the practice.1 In 1596, however, the states of Holland
improved the position somewhat by paying the troops for
which they were responsible every forty-second, instead of
every forty-eighth day.
When in 1678 the Brigade had been fully established on
its reorganised basis, the capitulation of that year expressly
stipulated, that the pay of the soldiers was to be increased
' d'un sous de plus par jour.1 In 1774 the men had 6 twopence
a week more pay than the Dutch troops/2 At that time a
captain's pay came to at most ^140 sterling yearly, a colonel's
was not above £350, and a lieutenant's about ^40, while that
of the Swiss companies was much higher.
The appointments of subaltern officers seem originally to
have been made by the captains, who raised and brought over
the companies. Later on they seem to have been made by the
Prince of Orange, who also filled any vacancy in the higher
ranks occurring in the field, commissions being subsequently
issued by the States- General confirming his appointment.3 In
1 Pp. 97-105 See also Meteren, fol. 311.
2 StrictU) es on Military Discipline.
3 See terms of subalterns' commissions, printed in Two Scottish Soldiers (D.
Wyllie and Sons, Aberdeen), and also the commissions printed in the appendix
to Major Bernardi's Memoirs. The commissions thus granted by the prince were
registered by the states of the province on whose ' repartition' the company was.
In 1688 the captains received commissions on separate parchments from the
Prince of Orange and from the States-General (Two Scottish Soldiers}.
xvi THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
1608 the states of Holland resolved that the captains on their
repartition should not be allowed to fill vacancies in their
lieutenancies and ensigncies without the previous consent of the
states or of the committee, who reserved the right of appoint-
ment, and this right appears also to have been exercised by
other provincial states.
In 1588, after the departure of the Earl of Leicester, the
States revised and reformed their whole military establishment,
and instituted the system of allocating regiments or companies
to be directly paid and supported by the different provinces,
which is referred to when they are described as ' on the Re-
partition ' of Holland, of Zealand, of Guelderland, or of any
other province. ' Us en firenV says Meteren, * les repartissions
sur chasque province selon qu'elles estoyent quotisees et
qu'elles contribuoyent ens charges de la guerre, selon aussi que
chasque Province le pouvoit porter, ce que causa des bons et
remarquables effets. Les gens de guerre,1 he adds, ' pouvoyent
asseurement scavoir en quelle Province ils pouvoyent aller
poursuiyvre leur payement, tellement que s'il y avoit quelque
faute en cela on le pouvoit incontinent scavoir et le conseil
d'Etat y pouvoit remedier.1 In addition to the ordinary con-
tributions of the provinces, extraordinary contributions were
levied on the more wealthy provinces, and the revenue derived
from them was administered by the Council of State. At the
end of each year the central authority settled accounts with
the respective provinces, in regard both to the ordinary and
to the extraordinary contributions.
One result of this somewhat complicated system was that
the regiments were frequently divided between two provinces,
and indeed in 1655 the states of Holland resolved, in view of
the fact that of several regiments one portion stood on their
repartition and another on that of other provinces, to bring
all the forces on the Repartition of Holland together in com-
plete ' Holland regiments ' ; but it seems doubtful whether this
was ever fully carried out, although the two Scots regiments
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xvii
in 1655, and the three in 1662, are described as Holland
regiments. Certainly in the latter part of the century Mackay's
regiment was on the Repartition of Guelderland, and in 1698
one regiment at least was on the repartition of more than one
province.
UNIFORM, ARMS, AND EQUIPMENT
The appearance of the Scottish soldiers in the early years
of their service can be gathered from occasional indications in
the papers. In carrying the pike in the Low Countries, they
found themselves armed with a weapon similar to that which
in the hands of the Scottish spearmen had often repelled the
charges of England's chivalry. The Spaniards regarded the
pike as la senora y reyna de los armas^ but at 4 push of pike '
they found their match in the sturdy English infantry, and the
4 sure men ' of the Scots Foot. The arquebuse gave place to
the musket, and in 1689 one at least of the regiments was in
whole or in part fusiliers.
In 1559, Prince Maurice prescribed a uniform equipment
for the troops in the service of the States ; 1 and the approved
weapons seem to have been strictly insisted on.2 Thus it is
1 'Parmy 1'Infanterie ceux qui portoyent des Picques debvoyent avoir un Heaulme,
tin Gorgerin avec la Angrasse devant et derriere, et une Espee. La picque devoit
estre longue de dix-huict pieds, et tout cela sur certaines peines establies. II
falloit pareillement que la quatriesme partie de ceux qui portoyent des Picques
fussent armes de garde bas jusques au coulde, et au bas de larges tassettes. Les
Mousquetaires debvoyent avoir un Heaulme, une Espee, un Mousquet portant une
balle de dix en la Livre, et une Fourchette. Les Harquebusiers debvoyent avoir
un Heaulme, une Espee, une bonne Harquebuse d'un calibre qui debvoit porter
une balle de vingt en la Livre, mais en tirant une balle de 24 en la Livre, et
chacun avoit ses gages et sa solde a 1'advenant. Nous avons trouve bon de dire
cecy, afin que nos successeurs puissent S9avoir de quelles armes on s'est servy en
ce temps en Pays-Bas en ceste guerre' (Meteren, fol. 451, where the cavalry
equipment is also described. See also fol. 416. The fourth part of the pikemen
were to be picked and seasoned soldiers, of whom Mackay records that they
stood by and were cut down with his brother, their colonel, at Killiecrankie,
when the * shot ' men broke and fled).
2 Resolutions of Holland. — ' 1605, Dec. 28th. — Circular Letter to all Colonels
and Capns of Foot. The States-Gen, requiring strengthening of the forces
b
xviii THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
noted that new levies were good men, but ' armed after the
fashion of their country.'' l It has been thought that the High-
land dress was worn by some at least of the Scots who fought
at Reminant in 1578, and it would seem that at various
periods a considerable number of recruits were drawn from the
Highlands. In 1576 an ' interpreter for the Scottish language '
was appointed in connection with ' the affair and fault of certain
Scotsmen,'2 and in 1747, the orders had to be explained to
some of the men of Lord Drumlanrig's regiment in their own
language,3 because they did not understand English.
Even in the days of Queen Elizabeth, 'the red casaques' of the
English soldiers had attracted attention in the Low Countries.
From at least the time of the reorganisation in 1674, the Scots
Brigade was clothed in the national scarlet. In 1691, Mackay's
regiment wore red, lined with red, and Ramsay's red, lined
with white. Lander's being then in Scotland, the colour of
its facings has not been recorded, but from a picture of an
officer serving in it in the middle of the eighteenth century,
it would appear that then at least its facings were yellow.
Curious evidence as to the uniform of the Brigade in 1690 is
preserved by a Highland tradition. It is said that before
Major Ferguson's expedition to the Western Isles in 1690,
the people of Egg were warned of its coming by a man who
without delay, all companies to be brought to their full number of men, conform
the state of war, and this on or before March 1st, certainly before March loth,
new style : and though this ought to be done at the expense of the Cap118, the
States-Gen. , H. Exy, and the Council of State have resolved that for this once
for the cost of transportation shall be allowed : to the French, English and Scots,
8 guilders for each soldier and that of this transportation-money 3/4th
shall be paid out to the said capns, viz. : half down and the balance on arrival of
the recruits, who must be able-bodied men of arms, properly armed, conform to
regulations, also with side-arms, and the musketeers with muskets ; the muskets
to be of full length and 4 feet long, shooting balls of 12 in the pound ; no boys
or elderly men shall pass muster, and the servants and boys of the Colonels
shall no longer be counted as belonging to the Companies, for them they have to
provide from their pay as Colonel.'
1 P. 272. 2 P. 39.
3 Order Book of Lord Drumlanrig's regiment. — Kinmundy Papers.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xix
had the gift of ' second-sight,1 and that those who were taken
prisoners testified to the accuracy of his description, seeing the
troops, ' some being clad with red coats, some with white coats
and grenadier caps, some armed with sword and pike, and
some with sword and musket/ l The author of Strictures on
Military Discipline, comparing the position of the Scots with
that of the Swiss, observed, ' They enjoy no privilege as British
troops, except the trifling distinction of being dressed in red,
taking the right of the army when encamped or on a march,
and having twopence a week more pay for the private men
than the Dutch troops have.'
' The question of rank,' says the author of the e Historical
Account,' ' which in military affairs is a serious matter, seems
to have been decided between the English and Scots by the
antiquity of the regiments, perhaps rather by the seniority of
the colonels, but as royal troops, both always ranked before
the troops of the United Provinces or those belonging to
German princes, which right never was contested with regard
to the Scots Brigade until the year 1783.' Dr. Porteous the
chaplain, in his ' Short Account,' takes higher ground and says :
' Being royal troops, they claimed, they demanded, and would
not be refused the post of honour and the precedence of all
the troops in the service of the States. Even the English
regiments yielded it to the seniority of the Scots Brigade.
This station they occupied on every occasion for two hundred
years, and in no instance did they appear unworthy of it.
They never lost a stand of colours ; even when whole battalions
seemed to fall, the few that remained gloried in preserving
these emblems of their country.' 2
1 Lord Archibald Campbell's Records of Argyll.
2 Vol. ii. will contain illustrations of two occasions on which the matter
of precedency was raised in questions with allied or temporarily serving troops,
one being with Danish and one with electoral troops.
xx THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
RELATIONS OF THE REGIMENTS TO THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT
AND THE BRITISH MONARCH
There were always elements of difficulty and delicacy in an
arrangement by which the subjects of one state served in a
body as soldiers of another. The Netherlands looked to
Austria, to France, and to England in succession for a ruler
whom they might substitute for the King of Spain. Queen
Elizabeth was too astute to accept the sovereignty ; but through
the substantial aid she afforded, the impignoration to her of
the cautionary towns, and the appointment of her favourite as
Governor- General and Cap tain -General, she as nearly as possible
in fact annexed the Netherlands after the death of William
the Silent. But the rule of the Earl of Leicester, ineffective
in the field, and productive of heartburnings and jealousies in
the council and the camp, rendered the States very suspicious
of further foreign interference. Thus when, in 1592, King
James asserted his position as equivalent to that of his haughty
cousin of England — whose idiosyncrasies he is found palliating
to the representatives of the States, as weaknesses of her sex —
by granting a commission to Colonel Balfour to command all
the Scots troops in the Dutch service, the States refused to
recognise it, and affirmed their determination that none could
serve in their lands on any other commission than that of the
States- General.1 In 1604 they again refused to receive Lord
Buccleuch as ' general of his nation ' as recommended by King
James, although it was pressed as due to Scotland, and appro-
priate, there having been a general of the English troops, and
the Scots being raised to an equal strength with the English.2
In 1653 the complete conversion of the British troops inta
' national Dutch ' was canvassed, and in 1665 it was carried out ;
but after the reorganisation under William Henry of Orange,
when the new English Brigade was formed, and the old Scots
was increased and resumed its own national character, the
combined British Brigade was definitely placed under the com-
1 Pp. 106-113. 2 Pp. 188-193.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxi
mand of a British officer, whose rank, pay, and precedence were
clearly fixed by the capitulation of January 1678, entered into
by the Prince of Orange as Captain-General and the Earl of
Ossory. It was expressly stipulated that the general should be
a natural subject of the King of Great Britain, and that, should
his Majesty call the regiments to his service at home, the States
should allow them to be embarked at a port to be selected.
When, however, the critical occasion arrived and the king
sought to exercise the right of recall in 1688, the States refused
to let the regiments go, or to recognise the binding character
of the capitulation, founding with some special pleading on
what appears to have been a failure on the part of the Dutch
government to fully carry out its terms in reference to the
increase of the pay. But the troops were recognised in Britain
as a part of the British army, and the officers'* commissions sub-
sisted in spite of a change from the one establishment to the
other. 'While,1 says the 'Historical Account,' 'the British
regiments were in the pay of Holland, the officers1 commissions
were in the name of the States, and it was not thought necessary
they should have other commissions, even when they were
upon the establishment of their own country, until vacancies
happened, in which case the new commissions were in the
king's name. Thus when Colonel Hugh Mackay came over to
England on the recall of the Brigade in 1685, King James
promoted him to the rank of major-general, not considering
him the less as a colonel in his army that his former commission
was in the name of the States. And when the same General
Mackay, who held his regiment by a Dutch commission, was
killed, the regiment was given a few days after to Colonel
./Eneas Mackay, whose commission1 is English, and in the
name of King William and Queen Mary.1
1 This commission is said in a note to be no w ( 1 794) in possession of his grandson,
Colonel /Eneas Mackay, with several other commissions of officers of the Brigade
in the same form and style.
Colonel Hugh Mackay, who had received a commission as Major-General
xxii THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
The officers of the Brigade had to take an oath on receiving
their commissions as captains or in higher rank. In 1588,
they were also required to sign a declaration stating their
acquiescence in the system of pay. In 1653, during the war
with the English Commonwealth, a new form of oath was
devised, and again in 1664 in the war with Great Britain,
when the regiments were temporarily converted into ' national
Dutch,' the officers were required ' in addition to the usual
military oath,"1 to take one to the effect that they were under
no obligation to obey, and would not obey any commands
except those of the States-General, and the States their pay-
masters, or others indicated in the said oath of fealty, and that
they acknowledged none but the States as their sovereign rulers.
It is also noted that the new commissions then issued were in
Dutch.
Upon the reorganisation of the Brigade under William
Henry of Orange, and General Mack ay, it was placed on a
more distinctive footing as British troops than ever before.
The British standing army was in its infancy, and the Scots
and English Brigades in Holland formed a very large pro-
portion of its strength. Their position in the Netherlands
was analogous to that of Douglas's (the Earl of Dumbarton's)
regiment, now the Royal Scots, and of others in the service of
France. As Douglas's regiment became the 1st of the Line,
and two of the English-Dutch regiments that were formed in
1674 and came over in 1688, the 5th and 6th, so the three
Scottish regiments, had they remained in British pay after
1697, would have ranked very high in the British army list.
from King James in 1685, took oath on Feb. 9th, 1686 on a commission as
Major-General of Infantry before the President of T. H. M. For the terms of
the commission at this period, see Two Scottish Soldiers (App.), where three of
General Ferguson's are printed. While he commanded the Cameronians, to which
he was transferred from the Scots-Dutch in 1692, in virtue of a commission in,
English form granted by William and Mary in 1693, he received one in Dutch
in 1698 as captain of a company, that regiment being temporarily in Dutch pay
in 1697-99.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxiii
It may indeed be questioned whether the old regiment dating
from the days of William the Silent might not have claimed
precedence even over the Royal Scots, on the ground that
while that regiment's descent is clear and continuous from the
union of a Scots regiment in France with the survivors of
Gustavus Adolphus's Scots troops, its earlier traditions, though
august and ancient, are more or less mythical. Certainly the
old and the second regiments would have been at least on an
equal footing with the 3rd Buffs — formerly the old English
Holland regiment — while the third was entitled to rank along
with the fifth and sixth.
In the eighteenth century the position of those serving in
the Brigade as entitled to all the privileges of British subjects
was emphatically recognised. 'Even the children,' says Dr.
Porteous the chaplain, in his ' Short Account,' ' born in the
Brigade were British subjects without naturalisation or any
other legal act. The men always swore the same oaths with
other British soldiers, and by an Act of Parliament, 27 Geo. n.
the officers were obliged as members of the British state
serving under the Crown to take the same oaths with officers
serving in the British dominions. The beating orders issued
by the War Office were in the same terms with those for other
regiments : " To serve His Majesty King George in the regiment
of foot commanded by " accordingly all the men were
enlisted to serve His Majesty, not the States. Their colours,
their uniform, even the sash and the gorget were those of their
country, and the word of command was always given in the
language of Scotland.'
Such was their footing, until in 1782 the States-General
resolved, ' That after the first of January 1783, these regiments
shall be put on the same footing in every respect with the
national troops of Holland, and the officers are required to
take an oath of allegiance to the states of Holland and renounce
their allegiance to Great Britain for ever on or before the above-
mentioned day. Their colours, which are now British, are to
xxiv THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
be taken from them and replaced with Dutch ones, and they
are to wear the uniform of the Provinces ; the word of command
is to be given in Dutch ; the officers are to wear orange sashes,
and carry the same sort of spontoons as the officers of other
Dutch regiments.' By the oath prescribed for the officers they
were bound to affirm that during their service they would 'not
acknowledge any one out of these Provinces as their sovereign.'
This time there was no recovery for the Brigade. Fifty-five of
the officers refused to take the oath, resigned their commissions
in March 1783, and came over to Britain. They were placed
on half-pay without delay, and in 1793 His Majesty King
George in. ' being pleased to revive the Scots Brigade,' a
regiment of three battalions, 'the Scotch Brigade' of the
British service, subsequently numbered as the old 94th regi-
ment of the line, was raised, to which they were appointed.
RECURRENCE OF SAME NAMES AMONG THE OFFICERS
In one respect the Scots Brigade was peculiarly Scottish.
Probably no military body ever existed in which members of
the same families were so constantly employed for generations.
' The officers,' says Dr. Porteous, ' entered into the service very
early ; they were trained up under their fathers and grand-
fathers who had grown old in the service ; they expected a slow,
certain, and unpurchased promotion, but almost always in the
same corps, and before they attained to command they were
qualified for it. Though they served a foreign state, yet not
in a distant country, they were still under the eye of their
own, and considered themselves as the depositaries of her
military fame. Hence their remarkable attachment to one
another, and to the country whose name they bore and from
whence they came ; hence that high degree of ambition for
supporting the renown of Scotland and the glory of the
Scots Brigade.' The discipline of the Brigade, enforced with
far less severity than was customary in the German and
Swiss regiments in the same service, was acknowledged, and the
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxv
author of the ' Historical Account ' observes that ' the rule
observed in the Brigade of giving commissions only to persons
of those families whom the more numerous class of the people
in Scotland have from time immemorial respected as their
superiors, made it easy to maintain authority without such
severity.' The Scots officers also took care to let the foreigners
under whom they served know that the methods of enforcing
discipline in vogue in Continental armies would not do with
Scottish soldiery,1 for ' Scotsmen would not easily be brought
to bear German punishments.1 ' Gentlemen of the families,1
says the writer of the Strictures, ' of Balfour Lord Burley, Scott
Earl of Buccleuch, Preston of Seton, Halkett of Pitfirran, and
many of different families of the name of Stewart, Hay,
Sinclair, Douglas, Graham, Hamilton, etc., were among the
first who went over,1 and a glance through the States of War
shows how repeatedly many of these names recurred in the
Brigade throughout its service. These lists indicate that the
counties on the shores of the Forth, and in particular Fife,
had the closest connection with the brigade, but Perthshire,
Forfar, Aberdeenshire, and the Highlands, more especially after
General Mackay entered it, and other parts of Scotland had
their representatives under its colours. No name was more
honourably or more intimately associated with its fortunes
than that of Balfour, which in the first century of its existence
supplied at least seventeen or eighteen captains, among whom
were Sir Henry Balfour and Barthold Balfour, both colonels
of the old regiment in the sixteenth century, Sir David Balfour
and Sir Philip Balfour (son of Colonel Barthold), both colonels
•of the second and third regiments during part of the Thirty
Years' War, and another Barthold Balfour, who fell in command
of the second regiment at Killiecrankie. In the later years
four Mackays, Major-General Hugh of Scourie, killed at Stein-
kirk ; Brigadier-General ^Eneas, his nephew, who died, as the
result of wounds received at Namur ; Colonel Donald killed at
1 Strictures on Military Discipline.
xxvi THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
Fontenoy,1 son of the Brigadier ; and Colonel Hugh Mackay,
held at different times the command of the same regiment.
The second regiment had three colonels of the name of
Halkett, and the third one. Two Hendersons, brothers, in
succession commanded the second regiment, and another, a
generation later, the third. The names of Erskine, Graham,
and Murray occur twice, and those of Douglas, Stewart,
Scott, Colyear, and Cunningham thrice among the command-
ing officers. To enumerate the other members of these
and other families, such as Coutts, Livingstone, Sandilands,
L'Amy, Lauder, who held commissions, would be endless, but
at one time the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major of one
regiment were all Kirkpatricks, being probably a father and
his two sons. Twice the colonel and lieutenant-colonel of one
regiment were both brothers of the name of Mackay. That
this family character was not confined to the old regiments, but
extended to those temporarily in service in 1697-98, is shown by
the fact that when Colonel Ferguson's regiment left the Dutch
service in 1699, there were five of his name among its officers,2
while another was, in 1694, promoted a captain in Lander's.
THE BRIGADE AS A MILITARY SCHOOL
Scarcely less remarkable was the Brigade as a training
ground for officers who gained reputation in after-life in the
service of Great Britain and of foreign countries. Some of the
Dutch officers served in the civil wars ; several of Marlborough's
major-generals and brigadiers came over as captains and
field-officers in 1688, and it is remarkable what a proportion
of those serving under the colours in that fateful year after-
wards attained to high commands.3 But the phenomenon was
marked in later years. Writing in 1774 the author of the
Strictures enumerates Colonel Cunningham of Entricken,
1 Or Tournay.
2 List of Officers in 'Abstract of the Money due to Colonel Ferguson's
Regiment on the Establishment from the I4'.h April 1699 to the 1st December
1700.'— Kinmundy Papers. 3 Pp. 479-481.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxvii
' whose behaviour at Minorca and on other occasions did him
much honour,' General James Murray, brother of Lord
Elibank, Governor of Quebec after the death of Wolfe, and
known as ' Old Minorca,' from his gallant defence of that
island, Sir William Stirling of Ardoch, General Graham of
the Venetian service, Colonel (then Lieutenant-General)
Graham, secretary to the Queen of Great Britain, Lieutenant-
Colonel Francis M'Lean, Lieutenant-General in the Portuguese
service, Simon Fraser, Lieutenant- Colonel of the 24th regiment
and Quarter-Master-General in Ireland, who fell as a General
at Saratoga, Thomas Stirling, Lieu tenant-Colonel of the 42nd,
the Honourable Alexander Leslie, Lieutenant- Colonel of the
64th, James Bruce, David Hepburn, the Honourable John
Maitland, brother of the Earl of Lauderdale, James Stewart,
son-in-law of the Earl of Marchmont and Lieutenant-Colonel of
the 90th, Major Brown of the 70th, James Dundas of Dundas,
Sir Henry Seton, Bart., and Colonel Sir Robert Murray Keith.
To these should be added Robert Murray of Melgum, after-
wards General Count Murray l in the Imperial service.
INCIDENTAL FEATURES OF THE DOCUMENTS
The general character of the service, and the conditions
under which the Scots lived, fought, and were paid in the Low
Countries can only be gathered from a perusal of the papers
themselves. It has been shrewdly said that the Dutch were
more careful to record matters of money than feats of arms, and
to the actual services in the field the official papers contain
only few direct references. But here and there such references
occur, and the date of a widow's petition, or a marked change
in the personnel of a State of War, dots the i's and strokes the
t's of a dry allusion in an old folio to some forgotten skirmish '
or the carnage of a great battle. The pension lists, and the
applications of widows (among whom those of Sir Robert
1 Count Murray was either Robert Murray or his son. The son was certainly
in the Austrian service. Whether the father was is uncertain.
xxviii THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
Henderson and Lieutenant-Colonel Allan Coutts were most
importunate), also illustrate how the Scottish officers inter-
married with the people among whom they lived, and occa-
sionally with Italian and Spanish gentlewomen and noble
ladies of Brabant and Flanders. Specially interesting also are
the letters of the Scottish sovereigns, — particularly that of
King James on the battle of Nieuport in 1600,1 — and King
Charles's solicitude for the ransom of the Scottish prisoners
taken at Calloo in 1638.2 The appointment by the States-
General of two of their number to attend the funeral of
Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson, ' with the short mantle,' in
the same year, indicates exceptional gallantry on the part of
one of a family which had already shed its blood and given
its life for the cause of which Holland was the guardian.3 Now
and then a flash of humour enlivens the story of eager spirits
and niggard paymasters, as when ' to this suppliant the
answer must for the present be "Patience."' A pleasant
feature is the occasional recommendations by some of the
provincial municipal authorities of the Scottish captains
stationed in their cities, and although there are occasional
complaints of the conduct of the troops, — owing generally to
the pay being in arrears, — and a warning by an English com-
mander, in 1615, as to the feeling getting up between a Scots
and a Dutch company, two of whose soldiers had had a fracas,4
the general relations of the Scots with the Dutch population
seem to have been consistently friendly and cordial. Indeed,
during the Twelve Years' Truce one of the complaints of the
inspecting officers was the extent to which the soldiers left
their garrisons to work for the country-people ; while another
subject of animadversion was the occasional enlistment of
• Dutchmen to fill vacancies in the companies. A frequent
offence was the passing off of outsiders to bring up the
numbers of the company, in order to pass review at full
strength on a sudden inspection, and one unfortunate, Robert
1 P. 1 80. 2 P. 449. 3 P. 449. 4 p. 279.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxix
Stuart, was sentenced to be hung in 1602 for too successfully
thus passing off six sailors in the ranks of an infantry com-
pany.1 The absence of officers in Scotland for too long a time
is also commented on, and the result of John de Witt's report
on Captain Gordon's company in 1609 was its being disbanded. a
A melancholy account is given of the state of Erskine's
cavalry squadron in 1606,3 and among the papers is an apology
for insubordination by some of Wisharfs troopers tendered to
a court-martial.4 The proceedings of the court-martial on
Sergeant Geddie, charged with murder in 1619, are also
interesting ; 5 and the spirit of the old Scottish family feud is
illustrated by David Ramsay's energetic protest, in 1607,
against the slayer of his relative ' coming in his sight,1 6 as well
as by Lord Buccleuch's claim for justice in respect of the
slaughter of Captain Hamilton.7 The experiences of the
surgeon are indicated by Dr. Balcanqual's petition in 1618 ;8
and the regard of the troops for their chaplain is shown by
the Reverend Andrew Hunter's long service, his receipt of an
increase of pay in 1604, his Latin memorials of 1611 and 1618,
and the interesting and honourable letter of the colonels in
1630, in which they ask a further allowance for his widow, and
state their readiness ' to provide for our own minister.' 9 The
divorce of Captain Scott,10 the marriage of Captain Lindsay
with the released lady,11 and the lawsuit of Captain Waddell
with the Countess of Megen 12 and the pupil-heir of the great
house of Croy, recalling as it does the happier experiences of
Quentin Durward, all find their way into the national archives.
The claims presented by Scottish officers on account of the
arrears of their pay, or of that due to relatives whom they repre-
sented, and the deliberations of the States upon such claims
constitute a very large amount of the documents preserved.
The main question appears to have been to what extent the
United Netherlands, as constituted by the Union of Utrecht,
were responsible for services rendered to the whole of the
1 P. 185. 2 P. 236. 3 P. 204. 4 P. 272. 5 P. 299. « p. 208.
7 P. 199. 8 P. 292. 9 P. 438. 10 P. 291. n P. 351. J2 p4 357
xxx THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
Netherlands before the separation of the reconciled provinces.
This is the substantial question raised in Colonel Stuart's
claims, and in those of Sir William Balfour as the heir of his
father. Sir Henry. It required the issue of letters of marque,
authorising Colonel Stuart to recoup himself at the expense of
Dutch shipping, to bring the States- General to a serious con-
sideration of his claims for services, which, whether technically
rendered to the ' nobles, Prelates, and burgesses sitting at
Antwerp,' to ' the nearer union,' or to the States of Holland
and Zealand, were equally instrumental in securing the liberty
and independence of the Dutch Republic. His claims and
those of Sir William Balfour alike ended in a compromise;
and the system of liquidating liabilities and securing fidelity
by a large balance of deferred pay was fruitful of similar
claims and compromises with others, such as the heir of Lord
Buccleuch, who compounded his father's arrears, as to the
liability for which there had been no question, for a pension,
the promise of a regiment, and at least temporary freedom
from the maintenance of a near though unacknowledged
relative, who ultimately took her place among the Scott clan
as ' Holland's Jean.' Among the papers relating to Colonel
Stuart's claims will be found two most interesting reports by
Dutch ambassadors of their visits to England and Scotland,
containing passages delightfully illustrative of the character of
4 Queen Bess,' of the court and conduct of King James, and of
the general relations between the Protestant powers.1 One of
the most valuable documents in a historical sense, and most
interesting to the student of character and manners, is the
graphic narrative of the Dutch ambassadors who attended the
baptism of King James's son, Prince Henry.2
AUTHORITIES FOR HISTORY OF THE BRIGADE
A word should be added as to the special authorities for th£
History of the Brigade, which are frequently referred to in
1 Pp. 121 and 132. 2 P. 154.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxxi
this and the narratives prefixed to each period into which the
papers have been assorted. In 1774 there was published
* Strictures on Military Discipline, in a series of letters, with a
Military Discourse : in which is interspersed some account of
the Scotch Brigade in the Dutch Service, by an Officer.1 This
officer is said to have been Colonel James Cunningham ;x and
the book advocates reforms in the equipment and pay of the
Brigade, the restoration of complete recruiting in Scotland,
and, indeed, the enlargement of the force and the association
with its infantry battalions of a proportion of the other arms.
In 1794, this was followed by ' An Historical Account of
the British Regiments employed since the Reign of Queen
Elizabeth and King James i. in the Formation and Defence of
the Dutch Republic, particularly of the Scotch Brigade.' It
was written just at the time when King George 'had been
pleased to order that these regiments should be embodied
anew,' and gives, in about a hundred pages, a concise and
fairly complete account of the services of the Brigade. The
information contained in the Dutch papers, however, corrects
it in some points, and the writer has fallen into the common
mistake of not observing that King William handed over six
and not merely three Scots regiments to the Dutch Govern-
ment in 1697, and of confounding the three old regiments with
the three temporarily in the Dutch service at that time and
during the war of the Spanish Succession. The error is a
, natural one, for when the Brigade returned at the Peace of
Ryswick Walter Philip Colyear commanded one of the old
regiments, while his brother Sir David Colyear, raised to the
peerage as Lord Portmore, was colonel of one of the addi-
tional ones, taken into service in 1701.
In 1795 there was also published 'An Exhortation to the
Officers and Men of the First Battalion of the Scotch Brigade.
Delivered at the Castle of Edinburgh on the 7th of June 1795,
1 See Steven's History of the Scotch Church at Rotterdam, p. 261.
xxxii THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
a few days before the battalion received their colours, to which
is added a Short Account of the Brigade by William Porteous,.
D.D., chaplain to the battalion.1 The author of the ' Historical
Account' had compared the* position of the officers of the
Brigade in Holland after the war with Great Britain began
to that of officers who had, in the execution of their duty and
without any fault or error on their part, fallen into the hands
of the enemy, and had contended that ' whatever the means
may have been by which a British regiment has fallen into the
enemy's hands, it cannot be in the power of that enemy to-
extinguish or abolish it.1 In addressing the newly-formed
battalion, the chaplain used words which indicate that its-
embodiment was regarded in Great Britain not as the creation
of a new but as the resurrection of an old regiment. ' Our
ears,1 said Dr. Porteous, ' have been accustomed to hear of the
fame of the Scotch Brigade ; of the moderation, sobriety, and
honesty, as well as of the courage and patience of this corps ;
you have not to erect a new fabric, but to build on the reputa-
tion of your predecessors, and I am confident you will not
disgrace them.1 His ' Short Account,1 while covering much the
same ground as the ' Historical Account,1 contains some ad-
ditional particulars. There is also a short notice of the Brigade
appended to Grose^ Military Antiquities, and a note upon it
in Steven's History of the Scotch Church at Rotterdam.
Among the papers of Mrs. Stopford Sackville, at Drayton-
House, Nottinghamshire, is a copy of a document (after 1772)r
6 Facts relative to the Scotch Brigade in the Service of Holland.'
There are of course allusions to the services of the Scots in
the many English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Italian histories
of the War of Independence. For the time of Prince Mauricer
the best authority is Orler's Lauriers de Nassau, and for that
of his brother the Memoires de Frederick Henry Prince
d? Orange. For the campaigns of William Henry, the Memoirs
of Bernardi and of Carleton, the Life of William III., and the
History of Holland supply a limited amount of information.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxxiii
The Editor has to record his sense of the assistance he has
received from Dr. Mendels and M. d'Engelbronner who tran-
scribed the documents at the Hague, and whose intelligent
researches have greatly aided the work of annotation, and par-
ticularly from Colonel de Bas, the keeper of the Archives of the
Royal House of Orange at the Hague, who supplied valuable
information as to the succession of the regiments in the
eighteenth century ; and also to express his grateful thanks
to many friends and correspondents in Scotland and elsewhere,
too numerous to enumerate, who, by supplying particulars as
to their ancestors who served in the Brigade, or otherwise,
have enabled him in many cases to identify the individuals
whose names appear in the States of War. Similar acknow-
ledgments are due to Mr. J. Rudolff Hugo, and to the
Rev. J. Ballingall, Rhynd, Perthshire, who have undertaken
the labours of carrying out and revising the translation of
the Dutch documents.
It had originally been intended to print the Dutch text as
well as the English translation of the Dutch documents, but
the volume of material was so great that on careful considera-
tion the Council were satisfied that they must confine them-
selves to printing the English translation of Dutch originals,
and the French text alone of documents in French. For the
convenience of scholars the complete transcripts of the original
Dutch here translated, and of other documents, including the
lists from the Commission and Oath Books, which the Editor
has used in the preparation and annotation of these volumes,
will be deposited and preserved in the Advocates' Library,
Edinburgh. J. F.
KINMUNDY, ABERDEENSHIRE,
nth Novr. 1898.
XXXIV
THE SCOTS BRIGADE IN HOLLAND
LISTS OF THE COLONELS OF THE REGIMENTS OF THE
SCOTS BRIGADE
A — THE THREE OLD REGIMENTS OF THE SCOTS BRIGADE
I. 1572-1688. i
1573
1574-1580
1585
[Ormiston] 2
Sir Henry Balfour3
[Cunningham] 4
1586
Barthold Balfour 5
1594
Alexander Murray
1599
Sir William Edmond
1603
1606
Sir William Brog
1612
1622
1628
1629
1633
1636
1639
Sir James Sandilands
James Erskine
I)
1640
1646
'655
1660
Walter Scott
1UUU
1662
1673
Henry Graham
1675
1677
Hugh Mackay
1680
1684
1685
1688
Lord Buccleuch
Sir Robert Henderson
Sir Francis Henderson
Sir John Halkett
Sir David Balfour
Sir Archibald Douglas
John Kirkpatrick
Barthold Balfour
Earl of Buccleuch
Sir James Livingstone,
Lord Almond
Sir Philip Balfour
Sir William Drummond
John Henderson
Louis Erskine
Sir Alex. Colyear
James Douglas
John Wauchope
George Ramsay
1689
1692
/Eneas JVTackay
II. 1688-1697.
i George Lauder
Sir Charles Graham
1 The dates from 1594 are those of the commissions, and the lines below the names of
Sir William Drummond (Earl of Roxburgh) and Louis Erskine denote a break in the con-
tinuity of the regiments, which otherwise is complete. In 1655 the three regiments were
formed into two. In 1675 Colyear was appointed first colonel of a new regiment raised
during the preceding year to replace Louis Erskine's, which under de Fariaux had be-
come wholly Dutch.
2 Appears as colonel in the Pay Lists of Holland.
3 Appears in Pay Lists of Holland.
4 Referred to in the Resolutions of Holland.
5 The date 1586 is that of the first mention as colonel.
LISTS OF THE COLONELS
XXXV
III. 1698-1782. ]
1698
Robert Murray
George Lauder
Walter Philip Colyear.
1716
A. Halkett
1719
John Cunninghame.
1730
James Cunninghame
J733
Lamy
1741
Villegas
1742
D. Mackay
1745
Marjori banks
1746
Charles Wm. Stewart
1747
C. Halkett.
1754
1758
J. Stuart
J. Gordon.
1773
H. Mackay
1775
J. Houston
1776
R. Dundas.
157—
1586
1629
B— REGIMENTS TEMPORARILY IN THE SERVICE OF THE STATES
William Stuart
Aristotle Fatten.
Earl of Morton's
(commanded by Lord
Hay of Kinfauns)
1697-99
1701
1704
1706
1709
1710
171—
1717
1747-1753
James Ferguson
John, Lord Strathnaver
George Hamilton.
Sir David Colyear,
Lord Portmore 2
John Dalrymple 4
William Borthwick
John Hepburn
James Douglas
John, Lord Strathnaver3
John, Marquis of Lorn5
John, Marquis of Tulli-
bardine
James Wood
George Hamilton.
Henry Douglas, Earl
of Drumlanrig
1 From a list kindly supplied by Colonel F. de Bas, and compared with one made by
M. d'Engelbronner.
The three regiments were subsequently (1786-89) respectively numbered 22, 23, and
24. Twenty-two being the regiment commanded by Sir Henry Balfour, Sir 'William
Brog, and General Mackay ; 23 Lord Buccleuch's, and 24 the Earl of Buccleuch's and
Lord Almond's.
2 Lord Portmore 1699, Earl of Portmore 1703. Cf. p. 507, n. 4.
3 Afterwards igth Earl of Sutherland.
4 Afterwards Earl of Stair. 5 Afterwards Duke of Argyll.
DIVISION I
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
1572-1609
INTRODUCTORY
IN the year 1572 the landing of the Sea Gueux at the Brill
proved that the Netherlands, though lying crushed and bleed-
ing under the iron heel of the Duke of Alva, had been stunned
but not conquered. It was followed by a widespread uprising,
and by the influx of English aid. At what precise moment
the first Scottish company disembarked upon Dutch soil it is
impossible to say, but it would seem that the Scots were not
behind their southern neighbours. Count Louis of Nassau was
beleaguered in Mons by the veterans of Alva, Kirkcaldy of
Grange was holding Edinburgh for Queen Mary. ' Le Prince
d'Orange,1 says Le Petit, c pour venir seconder le Comte
Ludovic son frere estant dans Mons en Hainaut ne manquoit
de devoir a lever gens de toutes partes tant en Allemagne,
Angleterre qu' Ecosse et France/ On the 21st of June, the
Scottish Privy Council, on account of the famine in Edinburgh,
* detenit aganis our Sovereign Lord,1 and in order that ' the idle
men and soldiers be not drawn to any desperate necessity, but
may have commodity to serve and live either within the realm,
or to pass to the wars in Flanders or other foreign countries,"*
issued a proclamation ordering all such to quit the city by the
evening of the 23rd. Before the first year of the long struggle
that was to be crowned with success closed, Scots were fighting
side by side with the Dutch burghers on the ramparts of
beleaguered Haarlem.
After the first assault on 20th December, the Prince of
Orange threw reliefs with supplies into the town, including
some Scots.1 Again, in the end of January 1573, the Scots,
under the command of Balfour,2 were among the force of
1 Mendoza and Meteren.
2 On i6th September 1572, the Regent Mar, in the name of King James, had
granted a passport and recommendation to ' Henricus Balfourius noster civis,
nobili loco natus, et qui in statu rerum domi turbulento semper meliores partes
•est se'cutus' . . . 'cum cohortem fere ducentorum militumad clarissimumAuraniae
principem ducturus esset.3 — P. C. Reg.
4 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
four hundred who cut their way over the frozen lake, with
eighty sledges laden with munitions and food.1 It was to
John Cuningham, a Scotsman, that the besieged committed
the command of the battery which they directed upon the
great cavalier which the Spaniards had constructed, and so well
did he work his guns that in half a day he ' put this cavalier to
the ground, for which ^ says the historian,2 6 he acquired great
honour in the town.' The Spaniards endeavoured to restore it
and brought up artillery, but Cuningham each time destroyed
it completely. On the 15th of April, Captain Balfour with
his Scots made a ' camisade ' or night attack on the Spanish
lines at Russemburch, forced them, defeated a large body of
troops, and carried back four standards. Towards the close of
the siege, when the Spaniards were debating whether to renew
an assault that had been repulsed, a Scottish sergeant threw
himself from the wall and staved off the attack, by assuring
Don Frederick, on pain of his life, that the town could not
hold out long on account of the want of food. Scots also
took part in the last unsuccessful attempt at relief. When
finally the day of capitulation came, the fate of the Scots
was at first uncertain. The French were beyond the pale
of mercy, for they had already been spared at Mons; the
Germans were recognised as ' neutrals, and free to serve
any prince they pleased,1 and, according to Le Petit, it had
been declared to the Scots that mercy had been given them.
Meteren says that they and the English held themselves
assured c des belles promesses.1 But the Spaniards, once in
possession, held that the Scots and English as well as the
French, were subjects of princes with whom the king was in
peace and confederation, and, therefore, they were ' tous
justiciez, les gentilhommes par Tespee, les autres par la corde,
ou plongez en mer.13 More than eighteen captains and ensigns
with all the rest of the Walloon, Scottish, and English troops,
to the number of 500, thus perished. 'En la ville,1 says
Meteren, 'furent tues plus de 2000 hommes, outre quelque
peu qui eschapperent secretement et le Capitaine Ecossois
Balfour, qui eschappa sous promesse d'attenter quelque chose
contre la vie et personne du Prince d'Orange comme il le
1 Mendoza. 2 Le Petit. 3 Renom de France.
INTRODUCTORY 5
declarat luymeme ail dit Prince, disant aussi, que puis qu'il en
avoit un remords de conscience, qiTil estimoit n'etre pas tenu en
une si mauvaise promesse.1 For the remorse he carried with
him for a feigned compliance with a dishonourable proposal,
Balfour was to atone by a record of distinguished service, and
eight years later by an honourable death fighting against great
odds.1
The Spaniards entered Haarlem on the 14th of June. On
the 6th, the Scottish Privy Council had granted a licence to
4 Captain Thomas Robesoun' to levy 300 men for the 'defence
of Goddis trew religioun aganis the persecutiouris thairof ' in
the Low Countries. He was obliged to give a bond that he
would comply with certain conditions, his cautioner being
John Monteith of Kerse. The conditions were : ' That he shall
not lift or transport any captains, members of bands, or soldiers
presently in the king^s service without special licence from the
Regent ; that he cause the like number of culverins, hagbuts,
and other hand-guns, morions, and corselets to be brought
again into the realm before 1st February next to come ; that
he shall cause his men live upon their own charges without
oppression till they are transported, and that he and they
shall not be partakers with any Scottish subjects against
1 There is some authority for the view that the vehicle of this proposal was
James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, the assassin of the Regent Murray, who is
said to have scouted a suggestion made to him to deal similarly with Admiral
Coligny, but whose name appears in connection with Spanish intrigues for the
removal of the Prince of Orange. De Lettenhove says : — * Lorsque James
Hamilton s'etait rendu a Amsterdam pres du Due d'Albe c'etait pour conferer
avec Alboinos et lui indiquer un capitaine ecossais, fort courageux et propre a cette
entreprise, qui se trouvait avec les Gueux a Harlem et qui se rendit a Delft,
peut etre pour prendre part aux troubles et pour y profiler du desordre. A
defaut de ce Capitaine Hamilton cut recours et sans plus de succes a un autre
Ecossais qui ramait a Nantes sur les galeres de Charles ix.' And on January I4th,
I577> Wilson wrote to Lord Burghley (St. Pap. For.), * Hamilton who escaped
out of prison from Brussels, and with whom Don John promised Mr. Harvey
that he would not deal, has received money of him to persuade the Scots to
revolt by whom he was delivered out of prison, and for whom, especially for
Balfour, the Colonel, and some others, he got pardon of the Duke of Alva at the
taking of Haarlem, with condition that the said Balfour should then kill the
Prince of Orange by one means or another.' On 1st May, Wilson reported to
Walsingham that Colonel Balfour had promised to ' work the feat ' of getting a
Scot into England with letters from Don John to the Scottish Queen.
6 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
others ; that they shall not in passing to the Low Countries
invade or pillage any subjects or friends and confederates of
this realm; that they shall noways serve with any Papists
against the Protestant professors of the Evangel of Jesus
Christ ; that he shall not muster his men within sixteen miles
of Stirling Castle under a penalty of 5000 merks ; and that he
should be answerable for the full redress of all plundered goods.1
On 16th July similar licences were granted to Captain John
Adamson, whose cautioner was John Adamson, burgess, Edin-
burgh, and to Captain Diones Pentland, whose cautioner was
James Sandelandis of Calder, who were also taken bound not
to enrol on the south side of the Forth. The English agents
in reporting Captain Robeson's licence to their own Govern-
ment drew attention 1 to it as an illustration of ' how the
nation is given to stray abroad, some into Sweden and some
into Flanders, whither more will to the Prince of Orange if
they had comfort given them.'
The fall of Edinburgh and the Peace of Perth had now
deprived many Scotsmen, ' both King's men ' and ' Queen's
men,' of employment at home, and the Spaniards were to find
that the methods exemplified at Haarlem were the most
injudicious that could be employed against the Scots. They
would have been wiser if they had followed, as the Dutch
were to do, the policy of the Emperor Charles v., ' qui ne
vouloit pas qu'on irritast les Escossois, sachant bien que les
Escossois estoient pauvres mais gens vaillants qui n'avoient
pas beaucoup a perdre.' 2
The arrival of 500 Scots was indeed reported to England
along with the news of the fall of Haarlem, and an anonymous
letter from Stirling, of July 26th, depicts the state of feeling,
which soon bore fruit in substantial succours. ' The calamity
of that good country (Flanders) is not only lamented by them,
but goodwill borne to relieve part of their burden. Some
number of men of war are already repaired thither, others
upon the arriving of his ' (the Prince of Orange's) ' servant,
Captain Ormiston, are in preparation, but the third sort are
desirous to hazard themselves if they were certain of his plea-
sure and what assured entreatment they might look for. They
1 State Papers, Foreign. 2 Meteren, fol. 310.
INTRODUCTORY 7
are not such as have been hired by wages in former wars, but
rather some in the rank of nobility who have done valiant
service in the cause of religion and repressing civil sedition
here.1 For that purpose is Captain Montgomery, a gentleman
of approved truth and good credit, directed towards him to
understand the condition of their affairs, and to return speedily
with resolution of his pleasure.'
On 2nd August, Robert Montgomery wrote to Killigrew
thanking him for his good offices, stating that he was ' directed
by the Regent to go towards Flanders to offer the Prince of
Orange 1000 horsemen and 2000 footmen to assist him in the
general cause under Lord Cathcart, and praying that he would
inform the Queen, so that if they should arrive upon any of her
coasts in their voyage they might find her favour and goodwill.*
On September 12th, Thomas Morgan wrote to Lord Burghley
from Zealand that ' 400 Scots had arrived at Zierickzee who
made an attempt on Barrow, but the Dutch, who should have
backed them, having fled away, they had to retire.' Next day, he
reported that ' Montgomery of Scotland is come to the Prince
to make offer of service with 2000 light horse. Two hundred
Scots have arrived in Zealand, who say that seven ensigns
more are coming.12 The arrival was reported to the enemy at
Bruges, with the information that their leader was ' ung
homme de belle taille avec la barbe quelque peu rossette.'a
This was probably Ormiston, who appears in the pay-lists of
1 Although from the tone of some authors, it would seem that Englishmen
serving in foreign armies were always * volunteers' and Scotsmen * mercenaries,'
the position of both was the same, except in regard to the English troops sent
over by Queen Elizabeth under the treaty by which she obtained possession of the
cautionary towns. Otherwise both nations sent spontaneous help, troops of
both received Dutch pay, and in later years both the English and Scots Brigades
were on the same footing. If King James was unsuccessful in asserting, in 1594,
his claim to give his own commission to the Commander-in-Chief of the Scots,
this was no doubt owing to the experience the States retained of the Earl of
Leicester. The parallelism in other respects is curiously complete. As Stanley
and Rowland Yorke betrayed Deventer and the Zutphen Sconces, and the
English garrisons delivered Gertruydenberg and Alost, so Patton and Sempill
betrayed Gelder and Lier, and Boyd joined with the Prince of Chimay in
handing over Bruges to the Prince of Parma.
2 State Papers, Foreign.
3 For the earliest recorded names of Scottish officers, see the Pay-lists of
Holland, infra.
Report from Flushing, made at Bruges, 8th September 1573: — * Le rappor-
8 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Holland as colonel in 1573-74. In 1575 he had been suc-
ceeded by Colonel Henry Balfour, among the chequered
incidents of whose career appears to have been the slaughter
of his predecessor in a duel.1 A month later, Bingham
reported from Delft, ' 1600 Scots have arrived in Holland and
Zealand, and the Lord of Caker is bruited to be coming with
1000 horsemen. The league between the Prince and the Scots
grows very great, and there is motion of marriage for the
young King of Scotland to the Prince's daughter.1
The principal event of 1574 was the famous siege and relief
of Leyden. From Delft the Prince of Orange was organising
succour, and the Grand Commander Requesens massed large
forces in the vicinity of Bommel, Gorcum, and Louwensteyn
to threaten the Dutch from that side. But all the places
were well provided, and seven companies of Scots under
Colonel Balfour were so stationed round them to hinder his
enterprises by piercing the dykes, and otherwise, that he
accomplished nothing.2 Nor although Spanish intrigue was
busy did it succeed in doing more than disclosing its de-
signs to the Scottish colonel,3 while other Scots companies
teur dit en premier lieu que Samedi dernier, entre huict et neuf heures du
matin il est arrive de Flessinghe. La ou il ait veu descendre quelque quantite
d'Escochois mesme que depuis vendredi et samedy il en seroit bien arrive, que
a la Vere que Flessinghes bien huict cens dont les cinq cens serroyent arrives a
Flessinghes, ne sachant le nom de leur chef forsque s'estoit ung homme de belle
taille, avec la barbe quelque peu rossette.
'Demande s'il n'avoit entendu de la part que Ton vouloit envoyer les dits
Escochois dit avoir entendu de Betremieu de Dunder qu'ilz attendoyent le conte
de la Marche avec xve hommes de Ghetye a autre, et quand il seroit arrive qu'ilz
volloyent aller assigier Termuden. ' — Appendix to Renom de France.
Some of the Scots were sent in October to share in the investment of Middel-
burgh.— Le Petit.
1 1574. Lettres de remission du Capitaine Henry Balfour de ce qu'il avait tu6
Andreas Ormeston couronnel des Capitains Escossois au camp pres de la Bommel
le jour d'Avril 1574. (Registre des d6peches,etc. , du Prince Guillaume d'Orange. )
2 The Grand Commander, says Mendoza, sent Hierges into the Isle of
Bommel with infantry and light cavalry, ' tant pour gaster le pays en couppant
les grains, comme pour executer quelque menee qui se tramoit la ville de Bommel
ou estoient en garnison quelques compagnies d'Escossois avec le Colonel Balfour
1'un de ceux qui leur avoit commande dans Harlem mais cette entreprise ne
sortit aucun effect.'
3 Sp. Papers, September 1574.— * They talked amongst themselves, however,
about Captain Ellis [Villiers ?] going to Bomel and there arranging with
Colonel Balfour for him and his men when they leave there to go to Rotterdam
INTRODUCTORY 9
shared in Boisot's gallant efforts to succour the beleaguered
city.1
In 1575 the Scottish companies suffered severely. In the
end of July Hierges with a strong force appeared before
Oudewater, which was held by a small garrison of two French, one
German, and one Scottish company, whose captain was absent.2
Le Petit says that the Scots abandoned an outlying fort at the
sluice of the canal, without setting fire to it or withdrawing
the stores, as they should have done ; but under the French
captain, St. Marie, a gallant defence of the town was made, and
the Scottish lieutenant was killed on the ramparts along with
Captain St. Marie at the final assault. The garrison had con-
sisted of 400 men according to the Dutchman Meteren, and of
2800 according to the Spaniard Mendoza, but both agree that
the Spaniards swept into the town, in Mendoza^s words, ' avec
tel massacre et effusion de sang que dedans ne resterent que
vingt hommes en vie.1 From Oudewater Hierges passed on to
Schoonhoven, which was held by 700 French, Dutch, and
Scottish soldiers. The defences were weak and the townsmen
unpatriotic, and the garrison, who awaited for a whole day the
assault at a breach 300 paces in length, accepted an honour-
able composition. These losses were followed by the famous
attack in which the Spaniards forced their way on foot through
the sea to the isle of Schouwen in spite of the fire of the
Zealand ships and the troops drawn up to oppose them on
or Delft or wherever Orange might be, in order to capture or kill him. They
would also surrender one of these towns, and on their doing these two things the
colonel and the captains were to have 20,000 crowns cash, and as much more
for the men. In case they fail to capture Orange, but surrender the town, they
are only to receive 15,000 crowns amongst the whole of them ; whilst if, on the
contrary, they capture him and do not surrender the town, they are to have
30,000 between them. In addition to this, the colonel asks for a pension of
1000 crowns, and the captains 300 with an employment. They would sign an
agreement as desired. Guaras says Ellis [Villiers] is a man of experience, and
has served Orange for a long time, but he and the rest of the English are
dissatisfied with him.'
1 Le Petit. Meteren, in relating the unsuccessful attempt of the Zealanders
upon Antwerp, who had bribed thirty Spanish soldiers in the castle, says, ' Ceux
du Chasteau et de la Ville estoient deja en armes car ils furent advertirent par
un capitaine Escossois qui y estoit prisonnier.'
2 Le Petit. Meteren says the Scots company was 'sous Dincwerc.'
10 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
land. A panic seized the French, Scots, and English troops,
the gallant Admiral Boisot was killed, and the fugitives took
refuge in a fort half a league from Ost-Duiveland, and in
Vianen.1 Vianen soon fell, and the Spaniards pressed on to
Bomene, which was held by 600 old soldiers, Scots, French,
and English under Monsieur de Ly. After it had been
bombarded, a proposal was made for a capitulation, but some
Spanish soldiers were overheard saying that 'these hens and
rebels should be thrown from the walls into the sea as the
only consideration they deserved,' and it was resolved to resist
to the last. The first assault was repulsed, and when at last
the Spaniards gained the place they put all who were in it
to the edge of the sword. The strength of the Scottish com-
panies had now been reduced by a half.2
There was, however, no difficulty in filling the reduced ranks.
On 2nd January 1576, the Spanish authorities were informed
that ' some Scottish soldiers had landed at Brill, no doubt a
portion of the 2000 men which Colonel Balfour went to raise
in Scotland,1 and the siege of Zierickzee, beleaguered till mid-
summer, was prolonged by the Scottish and English reinforce-
ments received.3 The Archives of the House of Orange record
that so late as the 1st of June its relief was attempted by
4 2000 hommes d'Ecosse ' ; but the letter sent to the town had
been intercepted, the besieged did not co-operate, f et venans
nos gens au lieu destine ils furent tellement repoussez par les
ennemis que nous y perdions beaucoup de gens/ 4
1 Mendoza.
2 Renom de France in his Histoire des Troubles des Pays Bas, in giving an
account of the forces of the Dutch in this year, 1575, says, ' En Zuyt Hollande
quatre regiments dont estoient coronels le Sr de Noyelle-Montigney 2° Hellin, 3.
La Garde, et 4° Walford,-* le premier de Wallons le second d'Allemand, le 3me
de Fran£ois et le 4e d'Escossois, que avoient este pleins au commencement et
depuis reduite fil a fil a la Moitie. Car autant qu'il pouvoit tenoit les enseignes
pleines. '
3 Renom de France.
4 The Spaniards were still flattering themselves with the coming success of
their attempted intrigues with the foreigh troops.
St. Pap., Guaras to Zayas. — *26th April 1576. — With regard to the matter of the
plan of Flushing I have had several conferences with Col. Chester, the English-
* Henri Balfour Ecossais au service des Etats de Hollande, puis des Etats Generaux. II
commandait douze enseignes d'Escossais. The English companies were in garrison.
INTRODUCTORY 11
The closing months of 1576 introduce a new phase of the
struggle in the Netherlands. The Spanish Fury had deso-
lated Antwerp early in November, and a few days later the
Pacification of Ghent was signed, by which the provinces of
Utrecht, Brabant, Flanders, Artois, Hainault, and the others
forming the southern Netherlands, associated themselves with
Holland and Zealand. The Scots troops had hitherto been
in the service of Holland alone, or of Holland and Zealand
combined. They were now to pass for a brief period into that
of the comprehensive States- General of the whole Netherlands.
On 3rd December the Prince of Orange wrote to the Regent
Morton referring to ' la bonne assistance d'hommes qu'en ces
guerres nous avons par notre bon adveu et congie receu
cTEcosse,' announcing the treaty with the other provinces, and
continuing thus : ' Comme les Etatz d'Hollande apres cette
paix faicte avoyent delibere de licentier le Couronnel Balfour
avecq les compagnies Ecossaises qu'il a par deca, j'ai estime
qu'il seroit meilleur veu qu'il s'estoit toujours si vailla-
ment porte, de Temployer es aultres provinces du pays en si
bonne occasion qui se presente centre les espagnols qui a faict
que je Tay bien voulu recommander aux Estatz Generaulx du
Pays Bas assemblez a Bruxelles, lesquels aussy par ma recom-
mendation ont traicte avecq luy, Tayantz accepte en leur
service.' *
The English State Papers mention that on the 21st the States
man, and have agreed that he and Colonel Daburd [Balfour ?] of the Scotch forces
will deliver the town of Flushing to his Majesty for 300,000 crowns and all the
plunder that the soldiers can take.
* . . . They expect to carry the business through by pretending that all our
forces are to go by land or sea to capture the isle of Walcheren or Zealand, which
will certainly cause Orange to send a great force of English and Scotch to defend
the island, who will be on our side. . . . Orange, moreover, will send Col.
Daburd [Balfour] to defend Flushing, and as both of the Colonels think that
Orange must shortly come to ruin, and they are looking out for themselves, they
may be depended upon to carry through this service. . . . They are awaiting a
reply and are much grieved at the death of the Grand Commander.'
It required a very different condition of affairs, with the Low Country
employers of the Scots and English troops divided against themselves, and pass-
ing one by one back to the side of King Philip, and the hand of the astute and
attractive Parma, before such intrigues produced even the limited effects after-
wards obtained in a few exceptional cases.
1 Archives of the House of Orange, Nassau. — Groen van Prinsterer.
12 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
sent sixteen ensigns of Scots under Colonel Balfour to lie in
garrison about Limburg, and the printed resolutions of the
States-General record the accepting in service of Colonel Henry
Balfour the Scot with twelve Scots ensigns (i.e. companies) in
good order and well armed.1
On 9th November it was also resolved to accept and treat
with a Scots cavalry captain for 200 horse, if ready to pass
muster, and on the 16th to pay to the Scots captains, Wm. Mon-
criff and Ogilby, £4>Q Artois. On 9th December the Scots at
Sas-van-Gand were ordered to the country of Oultre-Meuse, and
successive guides (the Sieur de Franchenbergh, John Laureys,
and Thomas Wales) appointed to conduct them there. On
20th December Balfour's regiment was ordered ' to be provided
at once with 1500 Ibs. of powder and 90 Ibs. of " mesches.'n<>
The Scottish regiment had not long to wait for their first
encounter. ' Au mois de Janvier,"* says Meteren, ' les Escossois
qui estoient au service des Etats souz le Colonel Balfour rencon-
trerent au pais de liege par de la Meuse pres de Jupil une troupe
d'Espaignols en une vallee qu'ils chargerent et les different telle-
ment que plusieurs y demeurerent et le reste se sauva en la ville de
Maestricht/ The contemporary account sent to Lord Burgh ley
stated : ' The Scots who lie at Bingen, near Maestricht, were by
the Spaniards disquieted with 1500 horsemen, but the Scots being
1600, unto whom Commendator Burnenstein joined unawares
his 300 reiters, repulsed the Spaniards to the loss of 100 horse-
men and of the Scots not past 12 men slain and very few hurt/
There was also a very mysterious capture by Colonel Balfour^s
Scots of certain deputies of Amsterdam (which still adhered to
the King of Spain), who were probably on their way to or from
Don John of Austria, which resulted in caution being given by
a burgher of Amsterdam for 4 what the Scots or their Colonel
claim.' In March the States refused to withdraw the Scots at
Don John's demand. On 18th April they resolved 2 to give
letters of recommendation to the Colonel of the Scots to his
king 4 du bon debvoir et offices qu'il a faict avec ses gens au
1 Resolutions of the States-General, 1576-1577. — De Jonge. Resolutions
dated 5th and 6th November.
2 Manuscripts of States-General.
INTRODUCTORY 13
Pays Bas,1 and on llth May he was paid ^?6000 Artois ' pour
la recompense a luy promise'; and it was resolved to write 'au
Roy et Regent du Royaulme d'Escoisse que le Colonel et ses
compagnies ont bien et lealement servy a sa Majeste Royale
Catholique et Estats des Pays Bas.1 On 7th June * le Col.
Balfour Escossois ayant prins conge des Estatz a este remerchie
de son service.'
But Colonel Balfour was soon recalled. The reconciliation
of February 1577 was clouded over, Don John of Austria
had seized Namur, and both sides were preparing for another
struggle. On 10th October 1577 « Captain Henry Balfour,
late colonel of the Scottis companis that served in Holland
under the obedience of the Prince of Orange, and last under
the commandment of the Estates in the Low Countries,1 pre-
sented to the Scottish Privy Council a supplication stating
that after his return from service in the Low Countries, the
Estates being constrained to renew the war for their just
defence had sent him a commission l as colonel over certain
companies of footmen of this nation under his regiment to
be levied and transported there, and asking licence to ' strike
drummis, display handsenzies, and lift and collect the said
companies.' The council, understanding ' that the said
Estaitts hes presentlie ado for the commonweill and support
of their countre, and that our countremen quhilkis of befoir
hantit in the wearis are desyrous to be in service,1 remembering
also ' how honorablie and thankfullie they were dealt with be
the saidis Estaitis at their last being in Brabant and departing
thairfra,1 granted the desired licence to Captain Hary Balfour
and the Captains chosen by him, each to levy ' twa hundrieth
wageit men of weir1 under conditions similar to those of 1573.
Captain Preston's Bond (printed in full in the P. C. Register}
contains the additional condition 6 that he shall not take away
in his company any landit men prohibit to depart by Act of
Parliament without special licence.1
Though the commission refers to ten companies, fourteen
1 The commission, dated Brussels, 8th September 1577, and designing Balfour
as 'chief et Colonell de, dix enseignes de pretons [Ppietons] Escossoyes,' is
engrossed in the/*. C. Itegistei . See vol. ii. p. 641.
14 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
were actually levied and the dates of the licences and names
of the captains were as follows : —
Sept. 23. Alexander Campbell (his cautioners being Kennedy
of Bargany and Bellenden of Stonehouse).
Oct 16. Capt. John Ramsay.
j, 16. „ Edward Preston (cautioner David Preston of
that Ilk).
„ 17. „ Henry Balfour (his cautioner being Michael
Balfour of Montquhanney, afterwards the
first Lord Balfour of Burleigh),
„ 17. „ David Murray (of Hillfield). *
„ 18. „ Robert Masterton.
„ 22. ,, Henry Acheson (cautioner, A. Acheson of
Gosford).
„ 22. „ Patrick Acheson.
„ 22. „ Adam Montgomery of Braidstane.
„ 23. „ James Oliphant (cautioner, Laurence Lord
Oliphant).
„ 23. „ David Spalding.
„ 26. „ Andrew Traill.
Nov. 19. )> Thomas Newton.
Dec. 4. „ Patrick Ogilvie.
In the following year Captain John Strachan received a similar
licence on 21st August.
The companies must have been rapidly raised, for on 24th
November the Flemish general, La Motte, sent Colonel Balfour's
secretary to receive the money intended for the masters of the
ships which had brought the Scots into the country.2 They
were at once sent to the front. In December some Walloon
soldiers reported that ten or eleven companies of Scots who
should join the other troops at Ruremonde were still ' a Fentour
de St. Tron.*1 On 9th January it was reported from Namur that
troops could not be spared, because the camp of the Estates
was so near and reinforced by four thousand Scots.
In the army now assembled, says Lettenhove, ' elle mette en
ligne treize enseignes d^Ecossais.1 They were practically for the
1 See P. C. Register, 25th February 1580-81, vol. iii. p. 359.
2 Gachard's Actes des Etats Generaux.
INTRODUCTORY 15
first time in the open to face in a pitched battle the most
highly trained, best equipped, and fiercest soldiery of the
century. For the Scottish regiment the fight was not to be
that of a fair field, but their experience of the stroke of Parma,
and of the Spanish and Italian cavalry, was to be gained
' In the lost battle
Borne down by the flying.'
On the last day of January 1578 the army of the Estates was
falling back towards Gemblours, closely followed by the Spanish
array. The thirteen Scottish companies, with some English,
formed part of the ' battle ' or main body, and the force was
marching with large advanced and rear guards. Its course led
it along the margin of a boggy and almost impassable ravine,
and the Prince of Parma observed that the order of the troops
composing the rearguard was loosened and invited attack.
Without a moment's hesitation, he sent word to Don John to
support him, and led the Spanish cavalry across the ravine,
breathed his horses, and swept down on the cavalry of the
Estates. They and the infantry of the rearguard were broken
and driven in upon the main body, and the flying cavalry not
only burst through the formation, but actually rode down the
men of the main body. They were followed by the furious
Spanish charge, and in a few minutes the army of the Estates
was routed. ' En vain,' says Lettenhove, ' les Escossois opposent-
ils une courageuse resistance.' The magnitude of their loss
indicates that they fought longest, but the only result was that
they suffered more than those who were fighting for their own
hearths and homes. ' La plus grand tuerie,' says Meteren, ' se
fit des Escossois et autres qui y estoient de la parti des Etats de
Hollande et Zealande. Le Sieur de Montigny et Balfour, colonel
des Escossois se comportans valeureusement eschapperent en
combattant.' 'The greatest loss,' says Le Petit, 'fell upon
Balfour's Scottish regiment, who was there wounded and saved
himself, as did the Lord of Montigny, after having first done
well all that was possible.' The number of the prisoners was
small compared to that of the dead, but their fate was no
better, for though Cabrera asserts that Don John liberated the
Scottish prisoners, Tassis, one of his leading officers and
16 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
councillors who was present, expressly states that c the greater
part of the captives who were Scots were afterwards thrown off
the bridge at Namur into the river,' while the other historians
declare that the prisoners were all hung. The probability is
that all were killed, and that, as at Haarlem, the Spaniards
showed their impartiality between the two alternatives of
suffocation. The result of the victory was that several
important places fell into the hands of Don John. ' Louvain,'
says Strada, ' not awaiting a summons, turning out the Scottish
garrison, rendered themselves to Gonzaga of their own accord.
To Mechlin and Vilvoorde,1 newly garrisoned by the States,
Gonzaga came too late.1
The States set themselves to raise fresh forces. ' Depuis
furent aussi decretez nouveaux regimens d'Angleterre et
d'Ecosse.'2 4 Colonel Stuart,' says Le Petit, ' with his regiment
of Scots returning from Dantzig, where he had been in the
service of the city and commonwealth against the King of
Poland, was accepted by the States-General.1 3 The Belgian
merchants in London in March found the means to enable
one hundred and twenty Scots ' come back from the defeat ' to
return to the Low Countries, and embarked them for Antwerp ;
while in April King James wrote saying that he attended to
the desire expressed through the conservator George Hacquet,
' touching the countermandment of some companies which had
made themselves ready to go to the service of the States.'4
Exactly six months after the rout of Gemblours, the hostile
armies again confronted each other near the little village of
Rymenant in the vicinity of Mechlin. The army of the States
1 Lettenhove mentions Colonel Stuart as at Vilvoorde, and Colonel Preston at
Bruges.
2 Renom de France.
8 It would seem that he had previously served in Holland. On roth October
1575 he had written to Lord Burghley stating that, ' having received commission
from the Prince to serve with 300 soldiers of his own nation, being in doubt to
find arms ready, or of reasonable prices in Scotland, he desires that he may have
licence to transport out of England 100 corselets with pikes, and 200 calivers with
their furniture.' On 4th June 1577, a request of William Stuart, Scottish gentle-
man, captain of two companies, and lieutenant-colonel of the Scottish regiment,
had been presented to the States-General. — Res. of States-General. As to
him and his claims, see, infra, p. 115.
4 Actes des Etats Generaiix.
INTRODUCTORY 17
occupied a strong position, and in advance was posted Colonel
John Norris with the English and Scottish troops, which had
only arrived an hour before after a long march which they had
made to join the army. The battle began very gently at first
between the Spanish and English, then cavalry on both sides
joined in, and 'Robert Stuart1 bringing up with him some
Scots foot, Don John sent in Ferdinando de Toledo with the
rest of those active foot under his command,'* and followed with
his main body. Parma led the attack in person, seizing a pike
from a soldier, and assailed by both horse and foot the Scots
and English fell back, ' sometimes retiring, sometimes facing
about and tiring.' They set fire to the village and Parma,
observing the order of their retirement, began to suspect its
object, and before long found himself in face, not only of the
Scots and English, who had taken up a new position supported
by the artillery, but of the whole army of the Estates. The
brave Spanish foot and the mixed cavalry again attacked, but
after a fierce struggle, Don John, declining to commit his whole
force to an assault on an entrenched position strongly held,
drew off his army and retired. ' Some companies of Scots,1 says
Strada, ' made themselves remarkable, who either in bravery
or not able to endure the heat of their running and the day,
the sun putting the whole sky into a flame, stripped them-
selves, contented only with their shirts, some casting pff these
too, and tying them about their middles, came on naked
among the armed men.' But the author of a work of last
century,2 who had served in the Scots Brigade, says, ' What
Strada mentions of the Scots in that battle throwing away
their cloaths and fighting naked was no more than the
Highlanders throwing aside their plaids to be less embarrassed,
after having brought the vanguard of Don John's army into
the ambuscade that was laid for them, and where they suffered
greatly, but Strada deals much in the marvellous and makes
mysteries of very plain facts.'3 According to the Dutch
1 Sic, Strada.
2 Strictures on Military Discipline, with some account of the Scots Brigade in
the Dutch Service.
3 Meteren says, 'C 'etoit un jour auquel il faisoit une fort grand chaleur,
tellement que les Ecossois et autres soldats se despouillerent et combattirent en
B
18 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
authorities the action lasted nearly eight hours, and the
Spaniards left 1000 dead upon the field. A few days after-
wards Colonel La Garde with 500 French arquebusiers, and
Colonel Balfour with 1000 Scots took the town of Aerschot,
Don John's army being only two leagues distant.
The year 1579 marked the development of another stage in
the history of the Netherlands, and the substantial separation
of the country into the future Dutch Republic on the one hand
and the future Belgian provinces on the other. Already on
29th December 1578 the Union of Utrecht, by which the
northern provinces of Holland, Zealand, Gelderland, Utrecht,
Friesland, Overyssel, Groningen, and, for the time being, Ghent,
drew more closely together, had been formed, and the founda-
tions of the future United Netherlands laid. The Walloon
provinces, on the contrary, were in negotiation with the Prince
of Parma. Indeed, the main bond of the larger union had been
the fear of the Spanish troops. The southern provinces were
Catholic in sentiment, and the fear of the Spanish, Italian, and
German troops on the royal side was succeeded by an active
jealousy of the Scots, English, and French troops, who fought
so well under the banners of the Estates. 'The nobles of
Flanders were disgusted,1 says Renom de France, ' because the
Prince of Orange preferred Englishmen, Scots, French, and
Germans to military command, and held them in too much
state and esteem.1 The numbers of the foreign troops, in-
cluding the Scots, had been considerably increased,1 and there
chemise, laquelle ils attacherent entres les jambes, et firent tout ce qui se pouvoit
faire pour se defendre centre un si grand nombre de gens qui tous estoyent gens
experimented et vieux soldats. Le Colonel Jean Norris, fils du Lord Rycort, se
porta fort bravement avec ses Anglois. . . . Semblablement les Escossois sous le
Colonel Stewart et autres.' Le Petit says : ' A la premiere charge les Colonels
Norreys, Anglois, et Balfour, Ecossois, avec leur gens (dont aucuns combat-
tirent nuds en chemise comme ils se rafreschissoyent du travail du grand chemin
qu'ils avoyent fait pour se rendre a 1'armee) se monstrerent fort valeureuse et y
firent paroistre leur vertu a les repousser et puis a les poursuyvre.' Cerisier also
notes the fact that the Scots fought ' en chemise. ' Renom de France says, ' Ceci
arresta bien le progres du Seigneur Don Juan.'
1 In the Appendix to Renom de France's Histoire des l^roubles des Pays
Bas is given a state ('dresse' in 1579) of the forces of the enemy, 'estans
presentement tant a Wervy qu'a 1'environ sous la conduicte du seigneur de la
Noue,' which contains the following: — 'huict compagnies d'Anglois sous le
Coronel Norris.' . . . ' dix-huict compagnies escossoises le seze soulz le Coronnel
INTRODUCTORY 19
were difficulties with them owing to their pay not being forth-
coming. On the 3rd of January it was resolved1 that the
Count Hohenlo should command in chief in the town of
Maestricht, Colonel Balfour being there with his regiment, to
whom the best contentment that it shall be possible to make
shall be given. In March there was a complaint from Mechlin
of the depredations of the Scots and English soldiers, and the
important city of Bois-le-Duc was lost to the Estates, because
of its refusal to admit any of the English, Scots, and French
troops sent to it from Brussels, although it was invited to
select from the three nationalities tendered. The arrangement
for the command and garrison of Maestricht was not carried
out when the Prince of Parma laid siege to it. On the 2nd
of March he advanced on Antwerp. His army was withstood
at Borgherhout by forty ensigns, ' tant Walons, Francois et
Anglois que Escossois,1 who skirmished well for two hours, till
the odds being too great, they set fire to the village of
Borgherhout, and retired fighting to a position under the walls
of Antwerp, where the advance was checked by the fire of the
cannon. The engagement lasted till evening, more than 400
men being killed, mostly on the side of the Spaniards, and was
witnessed from the walls by the Archduke Mathias and the
Prince of Orange. With characteristic rapidity Parma moved
his army from the west to the eastern side of the theatre of
war, and commenced his famous siege of Maestricht, the
garrison of which consisted only of 1000 men, ' tant Francois,
Walons, Escossois, qu^autres,' aided by 1200 well-armed
burgesses and 2000 peasants. After a heroic defence of four
months it was carried by assault, and ' peu de soldats des Etats
en eschapperent que tout ne fut tueV 2
The Walloon provinces were finally reconciled to Spain in
the summer of 1579, but part of Brabant and Flanders adhered
to the Prince of Orange. On the 22nd of October, a gallant
Balfour et deux venues depuis, a cent hommes chascune compagnie tant
harquebouziers que piques font en tout deux mil hommes combattans.' . . . ' Et
si attendent le regiment du Corronel Stuart de huict compagnies escossoises qui
font huict cens hommes combattans parti picques et harquebouziers.' . . .
* Cavallerie . . . autres soixante chevaulx escossois en la forme de leur pays,'
1 Actes des Etats Generazix. 2 Le Petit.
20 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
piece of service was performed by Colonel Balfour and his Scots.
Information had reached Bruges that it was feasible to surprise
Menin, and scaling-ladders having been secretly prepared at a
country-house of the Burgomaster's, Colonel Balfour left Bruges
on the evening of the 21st, picked up his Scots companies at
Roosendaal, and before four o'clock in the morning, was under
the walls of Menin, with a brewer of the town who had been
persecuted by the Walloons as his guide. At the same time
four companies from Courtray arrived at the other side of the
town in boats, and as four o'clock sounded the ramparts were
simultaneously escaladed, the sentinels driven in, the guard
defeated, and the town taken.1 Curiously enough at the same
time the Walloon forces in the neighbourhood and part of
the garrison of Menin were engaged in a similar attempt on
Courtray, which was defeated owing to their leader hearing the
commander of Courtray, who was listening for the alarm at
Menin, ask a sentinel if he heard anything, and on being told
' no,' reply ' the time is near.' In Menin the Scots secured a
large amount of booty which the Walloons had collected there.
On the*16th November, it fell to the Scots captains ' Seton and
Mornou ' to conduct to Menin the prisoners taken by De la
Noue in a cavalry action near Halewijn.2
1 Renom de France says, ' D'ailleurs 1'opinion des capitaines du Roy portoit
que Menin surprinse mal a propos faisoit beaucoup de mal a toutes les provinces
reconciliees.'
2 In the ' Estat des gens de guerre servans aux Etats revokes, la soulde d'iceux
et repartissement des provinces,' given by Renom de France (Jan. 1580).
Among the troops assigned to be paid by Flanders were :
'Les 1 8 compagnies Escossois du Colonel Balfour.
Treize compagnies Anglois du Colonel Noritz.
Et les compagnies de Setton, Mornault, etc.'
(An item of Colonel Henry Balfour's estate (given up in eik dated 7th January
1593) was a debt of 'ane thousand florence' due to him by ' Capt. Henry
Seytoun. ')
Among those assigned to Zealand were :
' Cinq compagnies du Colonel Stuart Escossois.
Les compagnies fussent estoffees de cent cinquante testes, avec les capitaines
et officiers traictez comme s'ensuit.
Le capitaine par mois 90 liv., le lieutenant a 45 liv., 1'enseigne a 40 liv.,
deux sergeants a raison de 24 liv. chascun, quattre caporaux a 16 liv., fourrier
our clercq 12^, deux tambours chascun 12 liv., un chirurgien a 12^, montant en
effet chascune compagnie a 1700 liv.'
The captains of Stuart's regiment appear from the documents afterwards sub-
INTRODUCTORY 21
In January 1580, Parma took by assault the castle of
Mortagne, which was garrisoned by three companies of Scots
and English. There were Scots companies in the force of the
gallant La Noue, when he was defeated and taken prisoner at
Ingelmunster in May. And in November, Balfour, who had so
long commanded the oldest Scottish regiment, met a soldier's
death. ' Le Colonel Balfour General des Escossois au service
des Etats, estans en garnison a Bruges en Flandre, sortit avec
sa compagnie de Cavallerie, et attaqua au village de Wassenaar
(du Franc de Bruges) quelque Cavallerie legere du Prince de
Parma qu'il diffit ; mais y survenant secours Balfour qui n'avoit
que soixante chevaux apres avoir vaillament combattu, fut
defait et tue, non toutefois sans grande perte des Espagnols.
Son corps fut rapporte a Bruges et honorablement enterre. II
fut fort regrette pour les bons services qu'il avoit fait en Flandre,
aussi ne mourut il point pauvre. Sa femme accoucha tost apres
en la dite ville."1
In February 1581, the town of Courtray fell owing to the
dislike of the townsmen to receive an addition to the garrison,
and a stratagem of the enemy. The garrison consisted of two
or three Scottish companies, and a letter was written to the
governor purporting to be from friends offering to introduce
an additional force secretly by a little meadow near the castle.
At night the governor going to receive them discovered his
mistake when too late, but the assailants found the Scots already
turned out in good order in the market-place, where they
defended themselves for four hours, but were finally all killed
along with many of the townsmen. In the following month
the Scots in garrison at Vilvoorden mutinied for want of pay,
and drove away Colonel Stuart, their commander, but with
much difficulty they were appeased ; and Stuart's regiment was
afterwards sent with a French one to Flanders to occupy the
attention of the malcontent element in that province. The
mitted by him to the States-General to have been himself, James Stuart, Andrew
Stuart, Thomson and Anstruther.
1 The training the Scots were receiving in the Netherlands was carefully
watched from London, for in the instructions by Cecil for Sir R. Bowes, dated
i8th Sept. 1579, his attention was called to the fact that, 'the Scottish nation
is at this day stronger in feats of arms than it was aforetime, by reason of their
exercise in civil wars at home, and their being abroad in the Low Countries.'
22 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Scots who were with La Garde when he recovered the Chateau
of Baerle from the malcontents set fire to it. In the beginning
of October, Parma laid siege to Tournay, which was in sore
straits, when, in the end of November, the Scottish Colonel
Preston set out from Menin with thirty horse, ' with a great
courage ' cut his way through the lines of the Germans forming
part of Parma's force, defeated the company of the Prince of
Chimay, took thirty prisoners and entered the town. Unfor-
tunately one of his soldiers was heard to say that they had
been to near Dunkirk in vain to meet the promised French suc-
cours under the Duke of Anjou(a mistake because their leader's
object had been to surprise Bourbourg or Gravelines),1 which
so discouraged the besieged that it hastened the surrender.2
While the Prince of Parma was besieging Oudenarde in the
summer of 1582, a force consisting almost wholly of English
under Colonel Norris, and Scots under Colonel Seton,3 was sent
into Flanders and quartered near Ghent, with the view of
relieving it. Scottish troops — probably the same — formed part
of the force which fell back fighting before Parma under the
walls of Ghent, from which the Prince of Orange watched the
combat along with the Duke of Anjou, as he had watched a
similar one with the Austrian Archduke Mathias from the
1 See Strictures on Military Discipline ; etc. , p. 69.
2 A document from the archives of Ypres of about this date, quoted by Letten-
hove, mentions as quartered at Bruges, ' le regiment du Colonel Preston fort de
dix bannieres de cent cinquante hommes, et les cornettes du Mauregnat, de
Robert Maxwell et d'Archibald Hamilton.' Richard Preston, second son of
Archibald Preston, second baron of Valleyfield, and Giles Semple was a colonel
in the service of the States of Holland. — Douglas's Baronage.
In Feb. 1584-5 Gavin Hamilton, brother of the deceased Captain Archibald
Hamilton, brought an action against the widow and William Balfour, son and
heir of Colonel H. Balfour, for a sum of 1200 guilders Flemish money, and
the value of two horses, all received from said deceased Captain Archibald
Hamilton. — Acta et Decreta.
On 6th July 1581, a quaint proclamation was made by the Scots Privy Council
against the transport of loose women to Flanders, which proceeded on the pre-
amble, that since His Majesty's subjects went there to serve, ' thair hes cumit
thairfurth of this realm many and divers trowpis and cumpanis of licht women,
uncumly and indecent in thair maners, countenance, behaviour and array, not
being mens wyffis or having ony necessar knawin effaires or bissyness. ' . . . 'to
the tynsale of the great reputatioun quhilkis the said subjectis in the partis
aforssaid hes to thame acquirit sin thair cuming thairto. '
3 Bentivoglio.
INTRODUCTORY 23
defences of Antwerp. In August of that year Captain William
Sempill, and his brother, who was his lieutenant, treacherously
betrayed the town of Lier to the enemy, ' pour se venger de
quelque disreputation ou tort (selon qu'il disoit) les Etats luy
avoient faict.' l
In January 1583 occurred the treacherous attempt of the
Duke of Anjou to make himself unfettered master of Antwerp,
which was known as the French Fury. When the subsequent
accommodation was made between the Estates and the Duke,
the English and Scottish troops who had mutinied in the ' pais
de Waes,' taken prisoners, and held the principal inhabitants
to ransom, took- the same oath as the French, moved from the
country of Waes towards Rupelmonde, and crossed the Scheldt
to succour Eindhoven, now besieged by the Prince of Parma.
There were Scots in the army which took the Chateau de
Viersel, but it was too late to save Eindhoven, which fell on
the 23rd of April, having been defended by some French and
Scots companies ' qui s'acqui tterent fidelement de leur devoir
tant a fortifier qu'a tenir la place.' On the 20th of June,
Parma, having learned that there were differences between the
English and the Scots on one side, and the French on the other,
in the army under Marechal Biron, which lay at Roosendaal,
attacked it suddenly and defeated it. Several places in Flanders
having fallen into the hands of the enemy, to prevent which
the Scots and other troops, sent by the Prince of Orange, had
been despatched too late, the authorities of Bruges sent to
Colonel Boyd, ' whom they had themselves made colonel,1 2 and
persuaded him to come to Bruges with his regiment of Scots,
which was in their pay, and abandon Menin, where he had
been in garrison. In the following year the Prince of Chimay,
who had temporarily joined the party of the Estates and had
been made Governor of Flanders, and Colonel Boyd, with
apparently the approval of the majority of the citizens, who
were mostly Catholics, changed the magistracy, with the result
1 Meteren. See note 2, p. 26. According to a document, quoted by Lettenhove,
dated 4th Dec. 1582 (Arch, of Bruges), the army of the Estates then contained
13 cornets of English and 13 of Scots. There were 20 German, 54 French,
and 1 8 raised in the country.
2 Meteren.
24 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
that Bruges also became 'reconciled to the king.' But the
Dutch historian notes that the most part of the Scottish
soldiery and captains did not bear the Prince much affection,
and when they left the town and were offered employment
under Parma, only Colonel Boyd and some captains would
accept it. Shortly before the English garrison of Alost, being
unable to get their arrears, had sold the town to Parma, and
taken service under the Spanish colours. An attempt was
made to play a similar game at Ghent, but it was unsuccessful,
and among the persons compromised were the Englishman
Rowland Yorke, who was afterwards the author of a greater
treason, and Seton, a Scottish lieutenant, who confessed that he
had been with Parma, and promised to deliver Denremonde.1
On the 10th July 1584, William the Silent, Prince of Orange,
perished by the pistol of the assassin Gerard. The progress of
the Prince of Parma in reducing the southern provinces had
been so far successful that he now proceeded to take the pre-
liminary steps for the reduction of Antwerp. Three leagues
below the city, on the opposite banks of the Scheldt, were two
forts, Lillo and Liefkenshoeck, built to secure the passage of the
river. Liefkenshoeck was carried by storm on the day of the
Prince of Orange's death, but Lillo was gallantly held by
Teligny, son of the brave De la Noue. The Spaniards planted
four pieces of artillery against it, on a dyke, but just then the
Zealanders sent four Scottish companies under the conduct
of Colonel Balfour,2 who, having entered the fort, as soon
as the garrison perceived the enemy and the position he had
occupied at once made a sortie to capture the cannon. But the
dyke was very narrow and the enemy's trenches strong against
assault, and they could not push their attack so far. However,
they killed a good three hundred of his men, and returned
bringing as their prisoner the principal miner, who revealed
all the mines that had been prepared.3 The fort made so good
a defence that Parma ultimately gave up attempting to take
J Meteren.
2 Barthold or Bartholomew Balfour, who served till 1594, and is found in
1603 acting as factor to the first Lord Balfour of Burleigh. Renom de France
says that ' a la suite de certains differends il se retira en 1 594. '
3 Meteren.
INTRODUCTORY 25
it, and afterwards said that but for the way Lillo had been held
he would have had Antwerp six months sooner.
The respite of Antwerp was not for long. Ghent having
been ' reconciled,' and all Flanders subjugated, Parma re-
turned, and the famous siege began in earnest. The Scots
bore their part manfully in the defence. Among those
who fell in the fight at Austruweel on 13th August was
Captain Gordon. After Teligny was taken prisoner, in the
attempt to reach Zealand and lay the need of the garrison
before their countrymen, Captain Prop went successfully
on the same dangerous mission; and in the bloody struggle
on the Kowenstyn Dyke the side next the river was committed
to the English and Scots. Parma himself had to leap to the
waist in water with a pike in his hand, ' when he saw that his
men would go no more to the charge on that side, seeing that
the English and Scots were there doing their duty so well.1 x
When owing to the flinching of the Dutchmen on the other
side, the islanders had sullenly to fall back, they left many
dead on the bloodstained dyke. ' The English and Scots under
Balfour and Morgan,' says Motley, who, writing at a time when
the echoes of the Trent affair were scarcely stilled, generally
shows scant appreciation of the British services to the Nether-
lands, ' were the very last to abandon the position which they
had held so manfully seven hours long/ 2
It would seem that Scottish soldiers also took part in Count
Hohenlo's unsuccessful attempt upon Bois-le-Duc, for when
Cleerhaghen, the guide of the enterprise, leapt into the moat
after all was lost, he was saved by a Scottish soldier.
If Napoleon's maxim was that 'Antwerp in French hands
was a pistol held at the head of England,' its capture by the
Spaniards was sufficient to spur Queen Elizabeth to action.
The Earl of Leicester landed with a large auxiliary force, and
was made Governor - General and Captain - General of the
Netherlands. Scots troops were detailed to share in the as-
sault when he took Doesburg in September 1586, but the
achievements of the campaign were unequal to the excellence
1 Meteren.
2 Captain James, one of the English officers, wrote, that after the Dutch gave
way ' the Scots seeing them to retire left their string. The enemy pursued very
hotly : the Englishmen stood to repulse and were most put to the sword.'
26 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
of the force at his command, and before long the relations
between him, Prince Maurice of Orange, and the other officers
in the service of the States in the days of William the Silent,
were strained. Renom de France mentions Colonel Balfour
among those to whom Leicester 'se rendit bientot odieux,'1
and the delivery of the city of Gueldres to the enemy by
Colonel Aristotle Patton,2 in January 1587,is stated byMeteren
to have been an act of vengeance, because ' Leicester estoit
corrouce contre luy et qu'il avoit menace de vouloir mettre
Stuart en sa place.' Scots troops were in the force which
in Leicester's absence Prince Maurice led to Brabant with the
intention of relieving Sluys, and marched to meet the earl on
his return to Zealand. On the final departure of Leicester,
1 Renom de France says that the old 'chefs de guerre,' including Balfour,
' tous se joindirent aux Contes Maurice de Nassau et Hohenlo.'
Leicester himself confirms this. — ' 1586, nth July. — I have no liking for
Balford here, he is a bad fellow, and wholly at others' direction and not mine :
indeed, if the Master of Gray come not, he will look to be colonell-generall over
them all, which I will no way consent to. ' — Leicester Correspondence.
2 The booty acquired by the famous freebooter, Colonel Schenck, in whose
absence Patton was commanding the garrison, and against whom also he had a
grievance, was appropriated by Patton, to which the proverb was applied, ' Du
diable vient au diable vat. ' ' Ce Patton,' says Le Petit, * par le moyen de son
grand argent en telle sorte acquis epousa la veuve diseteuse du feu Penthus de
Noyelle Sr. de Bours qui aida ci arracher le chasteau d'Anvers des mains de
1'Espagnol : Ceste Dame estoit de la maison de Bieure que le Sr. de Champaigny
pensoit bien epouser, mais ses gouttes et 1'argent de Patton Ten empescherent le
soir mesmes qu'il la devoit affiancer.' Shortly before his death, in 1589, Schenck
encountered and defeated Patton, who only saved himself by swimming his
horse across the Lippe. In a list of the army of the Prince of Parma in 1588,
after the Spanish, Italian, German, and Walloon infantry, there came ' Irlandais
regiment du Sr. de Stanley, Ecossois regiment de Paton entremesle de Walons.'
Meteren says (hat in the army for the invasion of England were eight companies
of Scots, and that Captain Sempill, who had surrendered Lier, was sent to Scot-
land. He was a frequent intermediary between the Spanish Court and the
Catholic earls. On 15th February 1588-89, Thomas Pringall, who had served
twelve years, four under the States, and the rest under the Duke of Parma, was
executed at Edinburgh. He had been sent by Colonel Sempill to the Earl of
Huntly before Christmas, and had been in Scotland with Sempill the preceding
Easter, when Sempill ' escaped by his mother sending him a rope, by which he
conveyed himself out of a window, being lodged in one Gurley's house.' Colonel
Sempill was, it is thought, a son of David Sempill first of Craigbet, brother of
the third Lord Sempill. See ' Colonel William Sempill,' Scotsman, loth August
1896, by T. G. L. For a full account of his betrayal of Lier, see ' Geschiedens
der Stadt Lier? by Anton Bergmann.
INTRODUCTORY 27
the conduct of the war fell wholly into the able hands of
Prince Maurice, and the Scottish regiment is to be found
almost continually in the army with which he won his triumphs.
Upon the destruction of the Spanish Armada, the Duke of
Parma turned the fine army he had amassed to work at home,
and promptly besieged Bergen-op-Zoom.1 Scots were sent to
the city from Brill and Ostend, and on llth November,
Balfour, coming "from Tholen with 500 picked men 'tant gens
du pais-bas que Escossois,' co-operated with a sortie made by
the garrison.2 During the following night Parma raised the
siege.
The services of the Scottish troops in the campaigns of
1589 and 1590 are not specially recorded by the historians ;
but 'Balfour, Colonel of the Scots, with ten ensigns,'3 was
present at the sieges of Zutphen, Deventer, Hulst, and Nime-
guen in 1591. In February 1592 the Estates sent Count
Philippe of Nassau with his regiment and the Scottish regi-
ment of Balfour, making in all twenty companies, to the
assistance of Henry iv. of France. In 1593 Balfour's regi-
ment was again with Prince Maurice, and at the siege of
Gertruydenberg it was posted at the west of the town, the
Scots and North Hollanders together facing one of the great
ravelins.4 Scots also took part in a fruitless attempt to sur-
prise Bruges in November, when the troops lost their way in
a dark night, and Balfour himself was wounded in the foot,
serving with Count William of Nassau, in a skirmish with
Verdugo's troops who were retreating to Groningen.
1 Orlers, in the Lauriers de Nassau, mentions that in the question of the
governorship, ' Les Anglais tenoyent plus le parti de Drurij que de Morgan, les
gens des Pais Bas et les Ecossais suivayent le parti de Morgan. '
2 According to Strictures on Military Discipline, etc., 'Colonel Scott com-
manded 500 Scots of the garrison and behaved with great bravery.' There was,
however, an English officer of the name of Scott.
3 Their position is marked in the illustrations in the Lauriers de Nassau. See
also as to Zutphen, Renom de France ; and Deventer, Meteren, fol. 333.
4 Meteren, Orlers, Le Petit. After the reduction, the Prince 'put General
Balfour with his regiment, which had suffered greatly, into that place, giving
him the command, his brother, Prince Frederick Henry, whom he appointed
governor, being yet too young to have any command.' — Strictures on Military
Discipline, etc. and Hist. Account.
28 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
In 1594 Balfour retired from the Dutch service,1 and the
command of his regiment passed to Colonel Alexander Murray.
It is said that on the return of the Dutch ambassadors from the
christening of the Prince of Scotland,2 a great many Scottish
gentlemen went over to Holland, taking with them about 1500
men.3 Murray's regiment ^still of ten companies) was present at
the relief of Coevorden and the siege of Groningen in that year.
In March, Captains Brogh and Egger of the Scottish regiment
had taken part, along with four Dutch captains, in an enterprise
on Maestricht. They were to go to the suburb of Wyck in large
boats, and after embarkation cut their pikes short, having been
afraid to do so before lest cavalry should be encountered on the
march. The ends of the staves were thrown overboard, and soon
after the captains were alarmed by hearing a fisherman say there
must be some of the enemy about, as pikestaffs were floating
down the Meuse. They then heard from the town that the
guard had been doubled, and resolved to abandon the enter-
prise, Captain Brogh saying that he was not going to lead his
men to certain butchery. The captains were blamed for
their decision, but Brogh by a long course of good service
showed that, whether he judged rightly or wrongly on this
occasion, the decision was due to no want of courage. Two of
his fellow-officers, Captains Robert Waddell and Melville met
a soldier's death on 16th July under the walls of Groningen.4
The Scottish regiment was in October 1595 again one of two
sent to assist Henry iv., under Justinus of Nassau. A Captain
Balfour also took part with Heraugiere (the officer who had
so cleverly surprised Breda in 1589) in the defence of Huy,
and Scots troops shared in the obstinate defence of Hulst in
1596, Captains Balfour and Egger being both killed in repuls-
ing one of the assaults. In January 1597, Murray's regiment of
ten companies formed part of the force under Prince Maurice
at the victory of Turnhout ; and though the infantry did not
arrive in time to share in the fight, Edmond led three cornets
of cavalry in their charge on the regiments of Barlotte and
1 See infra, p. 114. ~ See infra, p. 154.
3 Strictures on Military Discipline, p. 7 1 ; Hist. Account.
4 Bor, iii. 832.
INTRODUCTORY 29
Hachicourt, met the Spanish cavalry when they returned to
the charge, and distinguished himself * notablement.' Two
additional ensigns of Scots were raised ; and at the sieges of
Rheinberg, Meurs, Groll, Brevoort, Entscheiden, and Lingen,1
Murray had twelve companies under his command. At Meurs
four companies of Scots were stationed before the Kerckporte,
and on the evening of 28th August, Captain Waddell was
killed in the trenches. At Brevoort the Scots forced the
Meesterporte, at Lingen they chased back a sortie of the
garrison into the town, while the pictorial representation of
the place bears the note, ' Ici faisoient les soldats de Morreau
des mines et combattoient la ville.' In 1598 half the Scots
were left in the force detailed by Prince Maurice to guard the
Bet u we. In 1599 the foot companies were again filled up, so
that each company consisted of 150 men, and the colonel's
company of 200, while among new cornets of cavalry was one
of ' Hamilton Escossois.' An attempt was made in that year
to secure Nimeguen for the Spaniards by the exiled Earl of
Bothwell, who was at Brussels. He had secured two agents,
one of them at least apparently a Scot, Robert Lungden
(Lundin), and they relied upon corrupting Captain Masterton,
who was in the town with four companies of Scots, and who
had 'been of the faction of the Earl of Bothwell in Scotland.'
But Masterton discovered the affair, and Lungden was de-
capitated at the Hague, ' regretting much to have undertaken
such a design.1
The cavalry captain, Edmond, took the Count Bucquoy
prisoner in an action near Sevenaer. At the siege of Bommel
the Scots were at first lodged upon the Isle of Voorn ; on the
19th of May, Colonel Murray being on the ramparts2 (fisur le
boulevard de Hohenlo '), and not stooping sufficiently when the
besiegers' artillery fired, was struck on the top of the head
' tellement que le test fut rompu dont il mourut.' ' C'estoit,'
says Meteren, ' un fort habile homme, et qui avoit acquis beau-
coup d'honneur par ses services.' Two days later an assault
was made on the trenches, which did not succeed on account
1 Orlers. In the cases of Meurs and Groll, the twelve ensigns are (certainly by
inadvertence) described as under Balfour, in all the other cases as under Murray.
2 The spot is marked in Orlers's illustration.
30 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
of some misunderstanding between the Scots, French, and
English. But Captain Brogh, who commanded the Scots,
brought back a Spanish captain prisoner, and the English
captain, Aldena, another.1 On 8th July a bridge was thrown
from Voorn to Herwarden, and on the same day ten Scots
companies crossed it. They were followed by others, and a
fortification thrown up, which was fiercely attacked by the
Spaniards, who were repulsed by the Sieur de la Noue, Horace
Vere, and Edmond, who was then ' Colonel of the Scots/ In
November Prince Maurice sent some troops to Emmerick,
where, admission being refused, Colonel Edmond came to the
Craenporte, and with the help of some Germans within, burst
the gate, entered with little loss, and passed to the Steenporte,
which he opened to admit the rest of the force.
In January 1600, Count Louis of Nassau and Colonel
Edmond took Wachtendonc in Gelderland, while the Scots
also took part in the reduction of the fort of St. Andrew.
A dark day for the Scottish regiment, though an honourable
one for the cause of the United Provinces, was near at hand.
In the summer of 1600 Prince Maurice led a well-equipped
army into Flanders. He had just settled down to the siege of
Nieuport, when news came that the Archduke Albert was
advancing with all his forces. The Spaniards rapidly reduced
certain forts into which Prince Maurice had thrown garrisons,
and contrary to the terms of the surrender, massacred those
who had held Snaeskerke. The expeditious advance of the
Archduke with his well-appointed army astonished Prince
Maurice, who received the news after midnight. He at once
despatched Count Ernest of Nassau towards Ostend with
Edmond's Scottish regiment of twelve companies, the Zealand
regiment of seven companies, four companies of cavalry, and
two guns, to seize and hold the bridge of Leffingen, near the
fort of Albert, which was still held by his troops. The little
force found the bridge already occupied by the Archduke's
troops, who were in too great strength to be assailed, and were
increasing in numbers every moment. They resolved, however,
to endeavour to hold their ground. As to what exactly
1 Meteren.
INTRODUCTORY 31
occurred accounts differ. The Spaniards attacked in over-
whelming force, and according to Meteren, the cavalry at once
took to flight, and the infantry, seeing this, were equally
alarmed, and commenced to flee, throwing down their arms.1
Le Petit, on the other hand, says that the Count, having fought
valiantly for a long time, and not being able to hold his
ground longer, was constrained to yield, after having lost his
two guns and 800 men, of whom the most were Scots. Benti-
voglio's account is, < These soldiers of the enemy gave at
unawares upon the Catholics, who, finding themselves so much
superior in numbers, and with the advantage of such fresh
success, soon routed the adversary and made a bloody slaughter
among them." Broken and ridden down by the pitiless Spanish
lancers and the cruel Italian horse, the Scots were driven into
the sandhills and the sea, and the regiment lost no less than
600 men. All were killed, for the prisoners taken were, in
breach of the faith pledged, miserably massacred. Of the
twelve captains of companies who had marched in the early
hours of the summer morning along the downs, Arthur
Stewart, John Kilpatrick, John Mitchell, Hugh Nisbet, and
John Strachan lay dead on the field ; Robert Barclay and
Andrew Murray ' being prisoners, and having received the
faith of those who held them," were massacred in cold blood.
Colonel Edmond, Sergeant-Major Brogh, and Captains Caddel,
Henderson, and Ker alone remained to gather the wrecks of a
gallant regiment. Count Ernest and Colonel Edmond were
pursued to Fort Albert, and the fugitives who fled inland were
slaughtered up to the very palisades of the fort.2
After their victory and massacre the troops of the Archduke
halted, while the question of further advance was discussed,
and Prince Maurice had time to transport his whole force
1 Orlers (who was present according to the Hist. Account") says that ' after having
bravely defended themselves as good soldiers, they were put to flight, all the loss
having fallen on the side of the Scots, so that well-nigh 800 were left on the ground,
among whom were eleven captains, and many lieutenants and other officers.'
These figures tally with the others if the Dutch are included.
2 It is curious that all the four Zealand captains killed were murdered in the
same way as Barclay and Murray, after having surrendered. The fact that five
Scottish captains were killed in the fight suggests that their regiment stood its
ground longer.
32 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
across the haven of Nieuport and array it in order of battle
before the attack was delivered.1 In the great fight that
followed, in which the English troops so distinguished them-
selves, Captain Hamilton's cornet of cavalry was in the rear-
guard, and probably took part in the charges that finally
decided the fate of the battle. Captain Hamilton himself was
killed.2 When the army of the Archduke was finally driven
back in rout, a stern revenge was taken for the slaughter of
the morning. ' Car de la part des Escossois,1 says Le Petit,
4 pour expiation de la mort de leurs compagnons qui le meme
jour avoient este tues comme nous avons dit, il n'y avoit nulle
mercy."1 ' Le lendemain,1 says Meteren, ' les Escossois en
tuerent encores quelque trente ou quarante de sang froid, pour se
venger des Zelandois et Escossois qu'on avoit tues centre la
promesse et Taccord de TArcheduc tant en Forts de Snaeskercke
que des Escossois qui furent tues sur le rivage.1
The great struggle at Nieuport practically exhausted the
operations of the year, and the Estates sent Colonel Edmond
to Scotland ' to remake his regiment.1
In the famous siege of Ostend, which lasted from 5th July
1601 to 20th September 1604, the Scottish troops bore their
own part in the defence. One of the principal works was
1 Cette defaite,' says Cerisier, ' qui devait perdre Maurice, fut ce qui le sauva
. . . cette bataille en retardant la marche des ennemis luy laissa le terns pour
choisir les postes les plus avantageux, et faire les dispositions les plus sages.'
Tableaux de IJHistoire Generate des Pays Bas.
2 In his Life of Lord Wimbledon, Dalton states, ' Among the British officers
killed at Newport was a cavalry officer who rode with Edward Cecil in the last
charge, and was slain in Cecil's sight when they were both pursuing the enemy.
This officer was Captain Hamilton, a gallant Scot, who once made, to use Cecil's
own words, "the gallantest retreat I ever heard of." Hamilton had been sent
out with some Dutch cavalry under Count Louis of Nassau. . . . The Spaniards
came down on them in force . . . and they retreated skirmishing, the officers
taking in turns to keep the enemy at bay with a few of their men, while the rest
of their body retreated. "At last," says Cecil, "it came to Captain Hamilton's
turn to make the last retreat, always most difficult and dangerous (which the
Dutch loveth not, therefore left it to him), and because the horses were weary
and the enemy was gaining ground upon them, Hamilton fell into the rear of
his men, and so long maintained the skirmish with the pursuing Spaniards that
the States horse had time t© make their retreat far enough. In the end his horse
was killed under him, notwithstanding which he, leaping over a body, made his
retreat on foot and so escaped.'"
INTRODUCTORY 33
known as the Schottenberg. When the gallant Comte de
Chatillon, son of the great Coligny, standing on the top of
the Sandhill on 10th September, along with Colonel Van der
Noot, Colonel Uchtenbrook, and Brogh, now Lieut.-Colonel of
the Scottish Regiment, had the top of his head carried off by a
cannon-ball, the fragments of his skull wounded Colonel Brogh
in the face. When in December Sir Francis Vere, feeling him-
self unable to hold out longer unless reinforced, and anxious to
gain time, opened negotiations with the Archduke, it was to
Captain Sinclair of the Scots and two Zealand captains that
the duty of receiving the Spanish plenipotentiaries, Serrano and
Ottignies, was assigned. After the fierce assault which followed
the Christmas negotiations, the States resolved to relieve the
garrison, and to renew the change every four or six months,
and among the officers of rank sent to the city in January
1602 was William Edmond, now designed as ' Chevalier et
Colonel des Escossois." l
Before the siege closed the States had permanently in their
pay another Scottish regiment brought over by the Lord
Buccleuch.2 In May 1604 it is recorded 3 that His Excellency
sent five companies of the new Scots regiment, with Captain
Sinclair of the old Scots, and that soon afterwards Captain
Hamilton was wounded and retired, being succeeded in his
command by Captain Moore, while a little later Colonel
Sinclair was killed.4 In August the Governor deputed Sir
William Brogh and Adolphe van Gelder to receive the in-
1 Edmond had, in August 1601, been sent with some cavalry to occupy
Mons, but was not admitted. The freedom of access by sea- rendered a system
of relief possible, and allowed of considerable leave. In May 1604 the Governor
wrote that of five Scottish captains, only one, Captain John Brachton, was at his
post.'
2 ' His Majy hath been pleased to assent to the leavying of the new Regts
in Scotland, for which purpose there is order already gone to the Lord of
Bucklugh, who is to command them.' — Sir R. Cecil to Winwood, August 12,
1603.— St. Pap. Holland.
3 ' Siege of Ostend ' (Huguenot Society), by Belleroche, Fleming's Diary.
4 According to the Hist. Acct.% at an earlier stage of the siege, when Sir Francis
Vere had resolved to abandon the outworks, Captain Sinclair undertook the
defence of part of tliefaussedraye of his own accord, and a reinforcement arriving
the abandonment was countermanded. Sir John Ogle, however, in his continua-
tion of the ' Siege of Ostend,' added to Vere's Commentaries, denies this.
C
34 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
structions of the Government as to the course he should pursue,
in view of the impossibility of holding out long, even within
the inner defences of ' New Troy.' The Schottenberg was
taken in September, and when the garrison finally marched out
on the 22nd of that month, the English and Scottish troops
formed the rear-guard, and were the last to leave the ground
so long and obstinately defended.
The Scots had not, during the long siege, been absent from
other operations of the war. A Captain Hamilton was mortally
wounded before Grave, and a detachment of 200 under Colonel
Edmond formed part of the picked force with which Count
Lewis made his dashing foray into Luxembourg in 1602, riding
as far as the Ardennes, and penetrating one hundred miles into
hostile country.
At a review held by Prince Maurice after the taking of
Grave, the Scottish companies present were — Edmond's (160),
Brogh's (120), Henderson's (100), Sinclair's (94), and Balfour's
(116). Scots troops were also engaged in the fight before
Bois-le-Duc in August of the following year, and in May 1604,
when Prince Maurice was besieging Ysendyke, the sudden
attack of the enemy upon Cadzand, which formed his base of
operations, was only defeated by the steadiness of two Scottish
companies, who taken by surprise, as they were, by a force
which had already landed 600 men, charged them at once with
such vigour that they routed them, drove them back to their
galleys, and took forty prisoners and eight of their vessels.
Had the design succeeded Prince Maurice would have lost all
his boats and ammunition ; and the expedition which took Sluys
would have ended in failure. In the campaign of 1605, it was
the firmness of Buccleuch's Scottish infantry and four English
companies (defying with their level pikes the utmost efforts of
the Spanish troops to break their formation) 1 that extricated
the cavalry of the Estates when committed to an unequal
combat with the masses of the enemy's horse, near Mulheim,
and enabled them to repass the river. In July 1606, half
of Edmond's cavalry company formed part of the force which
1 In this campaign there were also English, Scottish, and Irish regiments in
Spinola's army.
INTRODUCTORY 35
successfully resisted the attempt of the Spaniards to cross the
Waal into the Betuwe, and when in the following month
Spinola laid siege to Rheinberg, it is noted that ' in the Isle
and on the other side of the Rhine Sir William Edmond,
colonel of the Scots, was in command, because that was a place
it was above all necessary to guard well.1 Spinola determined
to attack the entrenchments on the other side of the Rhine,
while Prince Maurice approached with his army from Wesel, and
entrenched himself on the opposite bank awaiting the arrival
of his bridge. But the Prince lost his opportunity to succour
these entrenchments, and on 3rd September Colonel Edmond
like his predecessor Murray received a wound in the head as
he was looking over the rampart, of which he died. ' CVtoit,'
says Meteren, ' un vieux capitaine qui avoit long temps servy
les Etats. II estoit Colonel d'un Regiment Escossois, et homme
qui de bas lieu estoit par sa valeur parvenu a grand honneur.' l
After his death the besieged were disheartened, abandoned the
entrenchments the following night, and withdrew their troops
into the island and the city. Prince Maurice found himself
unable to relieve the place. It was surrendered, and on 12th
October the garrison marched out, bearing with them the body
of Colonel Edmond.
The campaign of 1606 practically concluded the war, for
although the Twelve Years' Truce was not signed till 9th
April 1609, there were no more military operations of magni-
tude, and none in which the share of the Scottish troops has
been recorded. The first chapter of the history of the Scots
Brigade closes dramatically with the bearing by the garrison
of Rheinberg through Spinola's camp of the body of the
veteran colonel of the old regiment.
1 Sir John Ogle had written shortly before, * I fear Sir Wm. Edmonds will
return in no tryumphe from that place, though for his particular, men doubt not
but he will deserve honourably.'
36 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1573
I. PRELIMINARY EXTRACTS FROM THE
ARCHIVES OF HOLLAND
EXTRACTS FROM THE ARCHIVES OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND
WEST VRIESLAND, illustrating the earlier history of the
Brigade, prior to the commencement of the Records of
the United Netherlands, after the separation of the
reconciled provinces.
From the (1) From Accounts and Pay Lists showing personnel of officers
Archives of
Grand STATEMENT OF TOTALS of the 3d Account rendered by Franchoys
mnaries. Valckesteyn deceased, formerly Treasurer of War of the Land of
Holland and that from the first of June anno 73 to the last of July
anno 74, in pounds, shillings and pence of 40 groots.
Paid Out
1st Payment to German soldiers, Walloons, Frenchmen, Englishmen.1
Scots
la „ to Captain Baulfour . . . £8015 0 0
2a „ to Captain Robinson . . . 3837 0 0
3a „ to Colonel Ormeston . V . 50 0 0
4a „ to Captain Pentlandt . . . 6021 5 6
5a „ to Alexander Cembell . . . 3301 0 0
6a „ to Captain Edmeston " . . . 2254 0 0
7a „ to Captain Trell . . . . 3427 0 0
8a „ to Captain Melluyn ' . . . 1925 0 0
9a „ to Captain Oggelby . . . 7746 0 0
10a „ to Captain Adamsz . . . 4394 15 0
5a Somma . 40,970 6 6
Pay
20a „ to Colonel Ormeston . . 500 0 0
21a „ to Johan Pentlandt, lieut. . . 200 0 0
1 Cap. Greve, Cap. Genffort, Thomas Morgan, Cap. Prys, Cap. Brandt,
Cap. Maurisz, Cap. Palmer, Cap. Lagan, Irish Captn.
1574-75] PRELIMINARY EXTRACTS 37
STATEMENT OF TOTALS of the 4th and last Account rendered by the late
franchoys Van Valckesteyn, etc.
Paid Out
-Scots
la „ to Captain Baulfour . . . £114 0 0
2a „ to Johan Pentlandt . . . 3973 6 0
3a „ to Captain Oggelby . . . 3598 6 6
4a „ to Captain Cambel . . . 141 17 0
5a „ to Captain Wm. Edmeston . . 29 16 0
6a „ to the Compy of Robert Melluyn . 412 0 0
5a Somma of payment made to Scottish Companies . 8269 5 6
15a to Johan Edmeston . . . . 41 11 0
This account with the heirs of F. v. V. has been closed by Commis-
sioners for the State on Feb. 12th, 1577, new style.
EXTRACT from the Account of Nicolas van der Laen of his Receivership-
General expiring on the last day of July anno 1574.
Paid Out
To Expenses (?) and to bring the soldiers from England and Scotland.
la Somma ...... £8962 19 0
including for the soldiers of Cap. Trell. . . xijcxxix
EXTRACT from the first general Account of Jacob Muys, Receiver-General
of Finances (Jan. 1st, 1575— May 31st, 1577).
Paid Out
To Captains native, . . . Ditto foreign, . . . Scottish and English.
547 lv Pentland .... £12,294 12 0
558 Ivj Cambol ..... 13,638 14 6
570 Ivij Trel . . . . . 16,469 4 6
under Beaufor l
576 Iviij Ja. Kuyng or Smit . . . 11,568 1 0
584 lix Wm. Emeston . . . . 12,146 16 0
588 Ix Thomas Robynsson . . 5,509 13 0
590 Ixi Johan Edmeston in
Thomas Pluoist(?) . . . 3,580 0 0
639 Ixvj Paid to Discharged Captains . . 36,212 18 0
1st Grand Total of Payments to Captains . 544,517 10 0
1 In Feb. 1577-78 a complaint was made to the Scots Privy Council by Capt.
William Yorstoun, who had served in March 1575 in Col. H. Balfour's regiment,
who maintained that Col. Balfour had received payment of his whole wages from
the Estates of Holland and Brabant.
38 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1574
Pay
663 viij Baulfour „ . . . 6,421 8 0
Sundry Noblemen
686 xx Wm. Stuart . •. . . 870 0 0
Sergeant-Maj ors
725 xliij John Edmeston . . . 680 11 0
(£) Extracts from the Manuscript Resolutions of the States
of Holland (Military Affairs)
1574
Aug. 28th. To offer de Noyelles the colonelcy of 5016 compi^ Walloons
and others at 100 crowns monthly. Accepted and promised to do good
service ; letters of appointment.
Sep. 2. The Scottish compies recently arrived in this country to be
stationed in the Crimpenerwaart under the colonelcy of Noyelles.
Sep. 4. Cap. Pentelan is ordered with his company to go to Delfshaven
in the place of the compy of Captain Morgan.
Ditto. Cap. J. Blaer, Scottish nobleman, on certain conditions allowed
to touch certain 100 guilders, now in the hands of Cap. Pentlin and
owing to Cap. Nielvinck.
Sep. 10. Treasurer-General to be advised on petition of J. Blaer, Scots.
Sep. 25. The Treasurer-Gen, of Finances J. Taffin to treat at Rotter-
dam with the Burgomasters about 15 or 1600 guilders required for the
departure of Cap. Ogelby and his compy of Scots, already discharged.
Oct. 5th. Mayor and Aldermen of Boskoop notified to receive 2
compies of Scots in garrison and to accommodate and lodge them without
hindrance.
Oct. 9th. Order on the Receiver-General in favor of Captain Oggelby,
Scotchman, for 1500 guilders, for what is owing to him and his compy, to
be paid from the excises at Rotterdam.
Oct. 21. Order for the payment and departure of the discharged Scottish
soldiers of Captain Oggelby.
Oct. 27. Capitaine Oggelbie Ecossois pour quelque contentement de
ses depens depuis qu'il est casse, s'adressera a ceux des Finances de S.E.
et le Thesaurier Tafin.
Nov. 1st. Order on C. P. Beaumont Mayor of Rotterdam for 18 Last
rye the proceeds to be used for the discharge of the soldiers of Cap.
Oggelby.
Nov. 26th. The 2 Scottish compies on board of vessel outside of Rotter-
dam and arrived there from Bommel, to be stationed the one at Dordrecht,
the other at Schoonhoven.
15/6] PRELIMINARY EXTRACTS 39
1575
Aug. 20. Henceforth all captains appointed by H. Exc? to take oath
before the Council (Landraat) and a proper record to be kept thereof.
Aug. 26. Captain Stuart allowed an order for 60 guilders, one month's
pay.
Ditto. Resolution on petition of Col. Balfour of the Scottish Regt,
whether entitled to the 2 chains of Robbeson.
Sep. 13. Receiver Muys to pay Col. Balfour 1500 glds. for his pay
from June to August provided it can be done from the current quota ;
for what he is further in arrear for services with his soldiers at Bommel,
amounting to 2947 guilders, to provide conform to advice of His Excv.
Sep. 22. The Scottish Cap. Smith to make affidavit of having again
provided for the vacancies (in his Compv), and then for this time to let
him pass muster.
Oct. 7th. Col. Balfour to be paid by the Receiver-General 800 guilders
yearly for his services.
Oct. 18th. Col. Balfour to be paid 950 guilders for his voyage, on
reduction of what is due for former services, by Receiver Muys, from
the money of Cap. Mailsant.
1576
May llth. The pay of the 3 enlisted Compies of Scots allowed on the
share (of Holland) in the general loan, to be repaid within a month by
the Union.
May 22d. Committee to treat with all captains, in the first place with
the Colonel of the Scots, to bring the pay from 32 days to 6 weeks or
48 days, with interest for the days thereby reduced, in proportion of the
pay and at the rate of 12%.
June 1st. The back pay due to the Scottish Col. Balfour to be pro-
vided for from the first loan with certain merchants of Dordrecht of 8 or
10 thousand guilders, under security of the revenue of the Mint at that
place.
June 19th. Mayors of towns to provide for the future payment, main-
tenance, and enlisting of soldiers at 42 days for a month, at the usual pay.
July 6th. The Committee to arrange with Col. Balfour.
July 10th. Cap. Cornille with his Compv to leave Woerden with the
Compv of Despontain, to be replaced by the Scottish Compy of Captain
Hector.
Aug. 7. Committee to inquire at Gouda, of Captain Michiel, into the
affair and fault of certain Scotchmen at Crimpen and Elshout, also (into
the complaints) against their Lieut, and officer; the Committee to be
allowed an interpreter for the Scottish language.
Aug. 7th. The Committee to make proper provisions at Gouda for the
pay of the soldiers, and to have the Scottish and English Compies march
there.
40 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1577
Aug. 8th. On account of the understanding of certain Scots at Crimpen,
etc., with the enemy, resolved to divide them up.
1577
Feb. 22. All captains to pay their men 45 stivers each, half monthly,
while the engagement remains at 1100 guilders monthly for 100 men.
May 25th. Those of Finances to discharge first the Scottish and then
the English Compies in Holland, as soon as the necessary funds shall
be on hand.
June 9th. Cap. Cromwell (to be stationed) in the fort at Campen, and
Captain Nysbeth again at Dordrecht, and there to be discharged by
Commissioner Orteil.
1578
Aug. 27th. The pay of J. Cuningham of 150 guilders per month (to be
reduced) to 100.
1579
Sep. 14th. Cap. J. van Cuincham having accepted the office of Lt Gen.
(sic) of the Regt. of 10 Compies of Count Willem of Nassau at 200
guilders monthly from the nearer Union, his pay in Holland of 100
guilders monthly no longer to be paid.
Sep. 18th. To stop the pay of J. Cuningham because he draws from
the nearer Union 200 guilders as L* Gen. of Count Willem of Nassau.
Sep. 24th. Those of Sevenbergen to deliver to the Secretary within
14 days the documents (required) for a settlement with Captain
Nysbeth, etc.
1581
Jan. 4th. Res. with reference to the back pay of Col. Stuart and
his Regt.
Jan. 19th. H. Exc^ protesting against the order of the Committee
with reference to the payment of Col. Stuart in so far as the necessary
funds are not forthcoming, which endangers Brussel, Vilvoorden or
Malines, the towns give their opinion thereon.
April 26th. Col.'s Pension to the widow of Col. Balfour and his son
at 800 guilders yearly ; some raise difficulties.
April 29th. Final settlement for the services of the Scottish Captain
Mestertoin and the back pay of his soldiers.
June 7th. The Compv of J. Nysbeth to be sent from Geertruydenberg
to Amsterdam and employed against the enemy in Vriesland.
June 10th. Final settlement with the Scottish Captain Mestertoin for
his services and of his previous [claims].
July 4th. The States not being able to furnish for their share more
money than already granted, Regt. Stuart has as an exception to be pro-
vided for by the generality.
July llth. 2000 guilders to Col. Stuart to take the field.
1586] PRELIMINARY EXTRACTS 41
Ditto. Cap. P. Merlyn allowed a month's pay for 150 men and bounties,
provided it be deducted from Holland's quota to the generality as well as
the 2200 guilders for Col. Stuart.
1582
May 23. Committee to administer with Count Hohenlohe the oath to
the colonels and captains conform to the new ordinance of His Exc^.
June 22. To continue to insist to the Deputies of the States General
that Holland is not liable for back pay of Col. Stuart ; if hard pressed
to report.
1583
Sep. 19th. The Scots ordered by His Excv to The Clundert to be
allowed 3 stivers each, daily, for 14 days.
1585
Feb. 17th. Captain D. Charrete to allow Col. Koningham to stop at
Fort Noordam on his way to Geertruydenberg with his Compv, where he
is ordered by Count Hohenlo.
April 24th. His Grace, the Council of State and Count Hohenlo
written to, regarding filling the vacant colonelcy of Smits.
Sep. 19th. The Captains, Lieutenants and Ensigns at Bergen to be
paid out of the 40,000 guilders, and to satisfy the Scottish Captains
before sending them to their garrisons.
Ditto. Councillor-Commissioners to Count Hohenlo to insist on prompt
payment to the Scottish Captains of one month's pay, that otherwise
payment shall be made on a certain draft.
Nov. 8. Agreement with the Deputies of Zeeland on the reduction and
the pay of the Compv of Scots under Balfour.
Nov. 15. All captains in gar. in Holland and Zeeland to discharge all
Scottish soldiers, on pain of not being paid.
1586
Jan. 14th. Cap. J. Balfour and others to have patience for what the
interest is behind, until the payment shall be provided for.
Nov. 26th./Dec. 9th. The Gd Pensionary and the Committee to pro-
ceed in every possible manner with the Council of State for the reduction
of the soldiery, as well of the English and Scottish as the Netherlander,
horse and foot ; all superfluous salaries to be stopped, and likewise all that
are necessary to be reduced.
Nov. 10th. His Excv having ordered all soldiers garrisoned under his
command in the towns of Holland to receive daily 3 stivers for their
keep ; the Mayors of Schiedam to point this out to the Captain of the
Scottish Compv there stationed, and that this must satisfy him.
42 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1587
1587
Feb. 13th. Distribution of the Scottish and English Compies and
transportation to their destination at the Country's expense, the magis-
trates to find accommodation for the Scottish Compies with maintenance
at 3 stivers per head.
Feb. 17th. Res. on the reception of the Scottish and English Compies ;
and how to act.
Feb. 18th. Res. on form of oath for Cols and soldiers.
Feb. 23d. For the Scottish Compies in gar. in the towns of Holland
by command of His Exc^, each to be maintained at 150 head, authority
to draw on the receiver Thomas at Dordrecht.
April 13thf J. Verbaas,1 Scotchman, Ensign of Captain Trel, 50 glds
as recompence for the wound he received at Zutphen.
Aug. 4th. To also pay each of the Scottish Companies one month's
pay and to insist on the States General resolving on the cloth and the
settlement.
Aug. 19th. Commissioners to Count Hohenlo notified regarding the
pay of 5 squad8 of horse and 7 compies of Scots for the expedition and
reception of German soldiery, etc.
Aug. 22d. The expenses incurred by Rotterdam, for the transporta-
tion of the Compy of Cap. R. Schotte to Haarlem, for supplies and
shipments, to be borne by the Country.
Probably Forbes, of which the local Aberdeenshire pronunciation is Forbes.
1579] PRELIMINARY EXTRACTS
II. STATES OF WAR
1579-1609
EXTRACTS (WITHOUT DATE)
Infanterie estant prtement en service pour servir en campaigne.
Item, le Regiment du Colonel Balfour l de 15 Enseignes a 150 testes
traites et armes comme dessus.2
1 Colonel Hary or Henry Balfour served as a captain at Haarlem, and
colonel of the Scottish Companies from 1574 to his death in 1580. For his
services, see pp. 11-21. Killed at Wassenaar, November 1580. Married
Cristian Cant, sister of Captain David Cant. (See P. C. Reg. ii. p. 676.)
Repeated recommendations in favour of his heirs, especially on July 5th, 1594,
and May 1603, and see representations and claims by his son, Sir William Bal-
four, in 1605. His will is recorded in the Edinburgh Commissariat Records on
3rd June 1587, with an ' eik ' on 5th August 1590, and a statement of ' omitted '
on 7th January 1593-4.
Sir Henry Balfour's widow, Cristian Cant, subsequently married Captain John
Balfour (Acta et Decreta, February 1584-85) of Wester Pitcorthie, who was
serving in Flanders in 1586, and had died before I7th November 1592. On
30th January 1598-9, a discharge was granted to 'Cristiane Cant, relict of
Capt. John Balfour, and Peter, Bishop of Dunkeld, now her spouse.'
It would seem that there were two Henry Balfours at an early period in the
service of the Low Countries. The colonel killed at Wassenaar was a younger
son of Bartholomew Balfour of Mackareston in Menteith, who was killed at
Pinkie in 1547, full brother of James Balfour of Boghall and Easter Tarrie, and
half-brother of Colonel Bartholomew Balfour, who subsequently commanded
the regiment. He had two sons, Sir William Balfour and Henry (described
in the Sinclair MS. as 'colonel,' but who does not appear to have attained
higher rank than that of captain or lieutenant), who seems to have died between
1605 and 1613.
Among the MSS. of B. R. T. Balfour of Townley Hall, Drogheda, the
representative of Sir William Balfour, are the following documents : —
June 1 8, 1561 (sic) Dillenburg Castle. — Commission from William, Prince of
Orange, to Sir Henry de Balfour, a Scottish gentleman of prudence and experience
in warfare, to arm and equip a ship and to levy soldiers for the same, to go to
the coasts of Spain and Portugal, in order to attack the Prince's enemies and do
damage to their persons and goods. He is expressly forbidden to do damage to
any subjects of the Queen of England, the Kings of Denmark and Sweden, or
any other potentate well disposed to the Christian religion or the Prince.
June 15, 1574- — Commission from William, Prince of Orange, to Sir Henry
Balfour to be colonel and superintendent of all the companies of Scots foot-
guards in his service.
Nov. 5, 1575.— Order by the nobles and delegates of the cities of Holland for
the issue of a yearly pension of 800 florins of 20 stivers apiece to Henry Balfour
44 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1579
1500 Harqueboustiers ) £05 500
750 Picques . . )
Le traictement du Colonnel Balfour, £1200.
for so long as he shall live and show himself friendly to the people of Holland,
in consideration of his services against the Spaniards.
Dec. 22. 1576. — Brussels, Commission from the King to Henry de Beaufort to
be colonel of 16 ensigns of Scots foot soldiers, at a yearly salary of 500 livres,
with suitable salaries specified for the inferior officers. — Hist. MS. 10 Rep. App.
vi. p. 255.
According to Douglas's Peerage, Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich (second son
of Andrew Balfour of Mountquhanny), who married the heiress of Burleigh, and
was the father of Sir Michael Balfour, created in 1606 Lord Balfour of Burleigh,
and Sir James, created in 1619 Lord Balfour of Clonawley, had a fourth son,
Henry, ' a general in Holland.' He is also said to have had a sixth son, David,
a captain in his brother's regiment, who was drowned in crossing to Holland ;
and it will be seen (p. 203) that there was also another son, John, who (men-
tioned as Captain John in the Sinclair MS.) in 1606 offered to raise a company,
and had apparently previously served.
The following pedigree (showing 'descent of the Balfours in Holland'), taken
from the Sinclair MSS. at Crawford Priory, was communicated to the editor by Mr.
C. B. Balfour of Newton Don :— I. Sir Henry Balfour, Knight, brother of Sir
Michael Balfour, first Lord Balfour of Burleigh, emigrated to Holland and
married Anne, daughter of Sir Paul Bax. He had issue. 2. Lieutenant-Colonel
James Balfour ; married Anne, daughter of Philip Stewart, and had issue.
3. Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Balfour ; married Elizabeth Fleming, and had
issue. 4. Lieutenant-Colonel John Balfour ; married Vincentia Moggo, and had
issue. 5. Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Balfour ; married Adriana Leydekken,
and had issue. 6. Captain John Adrian Balfour.
It would, however, rather seem that the Henry, brother of Lord Balfour of
Burleigh, has been confounded with the other Henry, who was really a colonel
if not a general ; and that he and his own brother David have also been trans-
posed, both by Douglas and in the Sinclair MS. According to an Irish MS. by
Bishop Reeves (communicated by Mr. B. T. Balfour of Townley Hall), it was
David and not Henry who married Anne Bax, while Henry married Maria de
Leon. The latter alliance appears to be confirmed by the Dutch Service Lists,
and the Henry who was the husband of Maria de Leon or van Leeuwen died
as a captain.
It is further confirmed by the following note from Holland, made by Baron
^Eneas Mackay, and communicated by Lord Reay : —
* Anna Bax mar., 30 Oct. 1607, Captain David Balfour, and had four children.
I. daughter; 2. Paulus [Patrick?] Balfour, born n July 1610; 3. James
Michael Balfour, born 22 Nov. 1611 ; 4. Marcelis Robert Balfour, born 6 March
1613. James Michael Balfour, captain at Gertruydenberg, mar., in Feb. 1637 at
de Klundert, Agatha [sic\ Stuart. They had children, David Balfour, born 10
April 1639 ; Jacoba Balfour, born 2 Feb. 1644, mar. Johan van Stapele.
' The brother of Anna Bax, Marcelis Bax, had a daughter who in 1632 married
Cornelis van Stapele. She had two children, Johan, who married Jacoba Balfour,
and Anne Maria van Stapele (b. 1635), who married Patrick Balfour, and had
a son, Cornelis Balfour, born 24th Sept. 1669.'
1579] STATES OF WAR 45
Le Regiment de Stuart1 de 10 Enseignes traites et armes comme
dessus.
Sio | Xf ° Harqueboustiers j £17,000.
I 750 Picques . . J
Le traictement du Colonnel, £996.
Etat et recueil a quoy montent les Regiments et compaignies In-
fanterie estans en service comme presentem ils sont payes.
Le Regiment de 15 enseignes Ecossois soubz le Col. Balfour montent
y companys le traictem Colonnel a la somme de £29,629.
Les Regimens et compaignies ainsy remis et redresses a 150 testes
chaque compaignie comme cy devant est diet il semble a monseigneur
Le prince d'Oranges que se pourront repartir en deux trouppes Tune en
Geldres et 1'autre en flandres puis que 1'ennemy a la teste vers Geldres
ou Frize.
Pour Geldres, etc.
Item, le Regiment de Stuwart :
1000 Harqueboustiers.
500 Picques ... 10 Enseignes.
L'lnfanterie qui servira en campagne pour Brabant ou Flandres.
Le Regiment de Balfour a 150 testes — 15 Enseignes.
1500 Harqueboustiers.
750 Picques.
Du nouveau pied conceu par Monseigr le Prince d'Oranges pour dresser
In a Brussels paper of 28th July 1808, * Lieutenant-Colonel Balfour de Burleigh
is named Commandant of the Troops of the King of the Netherlands in the West
Indies.' The name Balfour of Burleigh has also been observed on a door-plate
in Utrecht in the present generation.
The difficulty in tracing the various officers of the name who served one or two
centuries ago must, however, be great, as Sir Robert Sibbald states that in his
time, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, there were no less than thirteen
landed proprietors of the name in Fife. (Note communicated by Major Balfour
of Fernie. ) The Balfours of Tarrie and Mackareston in Menteith were of the same
stock as the Lords Balfour of Burleigh, being descended from a younger son of
Sir Michael Balfour of Burleigh (1450), who married Elizabeth Douglas, and the
direct line of whose eldest son ended in the heiress of Burleigh who married Sir
James Balfour of Pittendreich (Sinclair MS.).
It seems therefore clear that the original Colonel Balfour was Sir Henry
Balfour of the Mackareston family, who was killed in 1580, being then 'General
of the Scots,' and that at a later period there were two Henrys in the Dutch
service, neither of whom appears to have attained a higher rank than captain,
one being that Colonel Henry's son, who died before 1613, and the other being
Henry, brother of the first Lord Balfour of Burleigh, who died in 1615 (see p. 61).
2 This refers to what is mentioned in a previous section with reference to the
English Regiment of Noritz :
' dont les loo y compruys les officiers seront harqueboustiers et les restans
50 picques a raison de 1700 livres pour chaque compaignie.'
1 Sir William Stuart of Houston. See p. 115.
46 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1579
les compaignies d'Infanterie de 150 testes dont les cent y compruys les
officiers seront Harqueboustiers et les restans 50 armes portent picques
revenans pour ung mois de gages a 1700 florins.
Le capne par mois . £90 Quatre corporautz . £64
Lieutenant . . 45 Fourier ou clercq . . 12
Enseigne ... 40 Deux tambourins . . 24
Deux sergeants . 48 Ung chirurgin . . 12
Sa £335
Aussy reste encore 137 testes desquels il faut oster 50 corseletz reste
87 harqueboustiers lesquels seront traictez come sensuyt.
Les 45 a £8 . £360 10 a £20 .' . £100
12 a 9 .108 8 a 11 . . 88
Sa £656
12 Mousquetiers.
6 a £12 . ^72 2 a £15 . . £30
2 a 14 .28 2 a 16 . . 32
Sa ^162
Les 50 corseletz seront traictez come sensuyt :
14 a £9 . £126 2 a £14 . . £28
33 a 10 .130 2 a 16 . . 32
9 a 11 .99 2 a 18 . . 36
8 a 12 . 96
Sa £547
Soma totale a quoy monte le mois degages pour 150 testes traictez et
armez come dessus, ...... £1700
REGIMENT OF COLONEL WILLIAM STEWART.
[This is from Collection : Council of State.
Portfolio : e Hoplieden ' (captains) 3.
Bundle: General settlement with Col. Morgan, and with other
captains, 1572-1581.
23 Folios : General settlement with Col. Stewart, and divers
documents pertaining thereto.]
Life Company1 [i.e. the Colonel's] March 1st, 1579— April 18th, 1581.
CaptDallachy ... „ „
Mangrief ... „ „
Penthone [Renton ?] . „ „
1 From the settlement which Colonel Stewart finally made in 1593, it would
seem that at 1st March 1579 there were five companies in his regiment, namely,
his own, James Stuart's, Andrew Stewart's, Thomson's, and Anstruther's.
(See also pp. 16, 19, and 20.) In December 1586 it was resolved that the Scots
should be divided into two regiments, one of ten companies under Balfour, and
one of four companies under Patton. In the following year Patton betrayed
Gueldres, and went over to the Prince of Parma, and in 1588 he appears
as colonel of a regiment of * Scots mixed with Walloons.' (See note, p. 26,
1579] STATES OF WAR 47
Trottar ...
Thomson ...
„
Amstratter,1 . . ,, ,,
Gordon,' . .
Blayr .
Haultain, now Patton, „ „
The Col.'s staff.
1579
JExhibe par Monseig1" le Prince d Oranges en 1'assamblee des Etats
gnaulx le 12 de decembre.
I/Estat quil semble a son Exe pouvoir estre suyoy pour la Levee de
1'armee quil juge estre necessaire a estre mise sus pour 1'annee qui vient.
also p. 96.) In 1587 Balfour's regiment consisted of twelve companies, includ-
ing those of Dallachy and Blair. Probably these were two of Patton's regiment,
which he did not take over, and which were joined with the ten under Balfour's
command. William Renton or Penton [Panton] appears in the general list of
1586, and his son Andrew, as drawing a pension, in 1595. Captain William
Moncrieff was killed on the Kowenstyn Dyke before Antwerp in 1585. See
petition of his widow, Bentgen Jansz, November 1618.
1 Anstruther. Probably one of the family of Anstruther of that Ilk. In 1578
six of them were serving at the same time in the Scots Guards in France. * Peter
Anstruther, a captain in Flanders, who died in 1589,' is mentioned by Wood in
The East Neuk of Fife as probably a younger son of John Anstruther of
Anstruther, who married c. 1527 as his second wife Elizabeth Spens of Wormiston.
(Note communicated by Sir Ralph Anstruther of Balcaskie.)
2 'The year of God 1585 Captain Alexander Gordon (brother to William
Gordon of Gight) was Governor of the fort of Tour-Louis besyde Antwerp
when it was rendered to the Duke of Parma : which fort was manfullie defended
by Captane Alexander Gordon a long time against the Spaniards with the loss
of much of his owne blood and the lyves of many of his soldiers. Then was he
maid Governor of Bergen-op-Zoom, by Prince Maurice his excellence, and thair-
after maid colonel 1 of a Scottish regiment. In end coming home to visit his
friends in Scotland he was slain in Menteith by some evil willers, who had
secreitlie layed an ambush for him. He married Jacobee Pedralis of Aungadere,
ane Italian gentlewoman by whom he had two sons, George Gordon and
Captain John Gordon. This captain John Gordon was slain in Holland, and
had a son called Alexander Gordon.' — Sir Robert Gordon's History of the
Earldom of Sutherland.
A Captain Gordon was killed before Antwerp on I3th August 1584. The
pedigree of the Gordons of Gight, given in the Thanage of Fermartynt states
that William Gordon, who succeeded to Gight on the slaughter of his kins-
man ' on the shore of Dundee by the Master of Forbes and the Goodman of
Towie,' had three brothers — (2) Captain John Gordon, who was killed at
Donibristle in the celebrated attack made on that house by the Earl of Huntly
when the Earl of Moray was killed ; (3) Alexander, killed in the wars of
Holland ; (4) George, killed by the Master of Menteith.
48 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1579
La quelle debvrait estre prest pour le printemps tant des gens de cheval
que de pied pionniers artillerie et esquippage.
Gens de cheval, etc.
Gens de pied pour la campaigne.
Ecossois. 2000 harquebousiers mil corpselets.
Exhibe p. le tresorier de guerre, van Beke, le 22 de Decembre.
Estat en brief a quoy revient ung mois de gaiges soldees et traictemet
des gens de guerre tant de cheval que de pied que Ton entendt pre-
sentemet entretenir pour le service de messieurs Les Estats ensamble les
traictements des chefs du camp avec les trains de vivres et de 1'artillerie
coe il sens*.
Gens de piedt pour la Campne Asscavoir.
A deux milles Harquebousiers et mil corpselets Ecossois ils se pourront
mestre en 20 compies soubs 2 Regiments pour le d. mois aux pris chacune
compie et le traictement couronnel revenans ensemble a la somme
de £42480
1586
Rendered Nov. 28th.
Cavalier ie
Captain Wisschard. l
Hollands Infanterie
Col. Balfour2 £1800
1 Alexander Wishart received commission in March 1586 as cavalry captain
in recognition of his 'good service at the dyke of Kowenstyn.' Obtained on
7th June 1592 an Act discharging legal proceedings in Scotland at the instance
of the States or their Confederates against him and his spouse, until they are
paid the debts due to them by the inhabitants of Bommel in Guelderland
(P. C. Reg. ). On March I4th, 1616, a quarrel having broken out at Leith between
Sir William Balfour and Captain Alexander Wishart, Sir William offering a
stroke of a rod to Captain Wishart, and he, after his sword was broken, having
shot a pistolet at the said Sir William, they were warded in the Castle of Edin-
burgh, and formally reconciled by the Privy Council, to prevent 'distraction
and factions among the Scottis captains and commanderis in the Low Countries.'
See frequent references to him and his company, infra.
2 Bartholomew Balfour, Colonel of the old Scots Regiment from 1585 or 1586
to 1594. Served at Antwerp and passim to 1594 (supra, pp. 24-28). He
was wounded near Groningen, and left the Dutch service in 1594, on account of
differences with the Estates, receiving an honourable pension (pp. 20, 56, and 114).
On 6th January 1603 an action was raised by Sir Michael Balfour of Burley and
Colonel Bartill Balfour, his factor. Sir Michael had imported arms from France
for the defence of the country, was charged for duty, and brought a suspension,
which was sustained (P. C. Reg.}. Commission for his ' compagnie colonelle '
1586] STATES OF WAR 49
Gordon1 £1120
Cant2 1530
Waddel 3 reduit et estime a 200 testes . . 2020
Blaire4 ...... 1720
Melvil5 . 1540
Trail6 . . . ... 1450
Prop 7 reduit et estime a 200 testes . . 2200
Kiets 1180
Prize
Meldrom.8
At the end appears a list of 64 Compies :
1588 on p. 84. Colonel Bartholomew was a younger son of Bartholomew
Balfour of Mackareston, in Menteith (killed at Pinkie 1547), by his second wife,
Margaret Drummond, daughter of Alexander Drummond of Carnock, previously
wife of Macaulay of Ardincaple. * She bore to him,' says Lord Strathallan, in
his Genealogy of the Drummonds, f Colonel Bartholomew Balfour, the father of
Sir Philip Balfour, both knowen for valiant men in the wars of the Netherlands.'
Colonel Bartholomew married Beatrix Cant, whose will, in which she
bequeathed a dyamont ring to her nephew, Sir William Balfour, is noted in the
Edinburgh Commissariat Register, vol. xlvii. It is dated January 28th, 1611, and
she is designed as * sumtyme spous to Colonell Barthilmo Balfour of Ridhews. '
In 1589 Bartholomew Balfour, 'coronator,' and his wife bought Prior Letham,
which was sold in 1597. In 1601 he bought * Reidheuchis,' in the parish
of Currie, Midlothian, which was sold by his son Philip in 1618. He was
alive in 1605. Besides Sir Philip, afterwards colonel of a regiment, he had a
second son, James, a captain in Holland, and was probably the grandfather or
great-grandfather of Brigadier Bartholomew Balfour killed at Killiecrankie in
1689 (see p. 70, note). See also pp. 96 et sey., 114, and 245.
1 See note, p. 47.
2 David Cant, brother-in-law of Colonel Henry Balfour, dead July 1592, when
John Mitchell succeeded him. Recommendation in favour of the widow of his
brother and heir, Walter Cant, on 5th July 1594, and see claims of his nephew,
Sir William Balfour, tnfra, pp. 252-255. See also as to a dispute to which
Walter Cant, younger, was a party, which had been * remitted to the decision of
the Colonels and Captains of the Scots Companies in Flanders,' 25th October
1581.— P. C. Reg.
3 William Waddell left service in 1594, and was succeeded by his brother Robert,
formerly his lieutenant. ' Captain Waddell ' appears in pension list of 1597.
4 The widow and two children of Captain Blair appear in pension list of 1595.
5 An Alexander Melville was killed before Groningen, I5th July 1594, but
his commission as captain was dated 3rd February 1589.
6 (David) Trail, dead before March 3ist, 1590, when Captain William Brog
succeeded him. His widow and heir were recommended in 1594.
7 John Prop, sent to States from Antwerp, 1585. Dead in June 1596, when
succeeded by Arthur Stuart. His widow was receiving pension in 1 599, and his
children appear in 1607.
8 Captain Meldrum's widow appears in pension list of 1595.
D
50 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1586
Anglois
Including (apparently by mistake) —
Rally . . . .... . . 1180
Boswel ...... £1180
Guillame Morray 1 . . . . . 1700
Dallachy2 . . . . „
Wm. Nysbeth3 . . . ....... : . „
Alex. Morray 4 . . . „
Renton5 .... „
JanBalfour6 . . . . . „
1 Sir William Murray of Pitcairly, second son of Sir William Murray of
Tullibardine (ancestor of Duke of Athol), left the Dutch service in September
1588, and was succeeded in his company by Alexander Murray, his brother
(pp. 89 and 106), who had previously commanded a company. He had claims
against the States, which were settled in 1594 when he came over as ambassador
from King James, and received a pension, settled first on himself and subsequently
on his children (see pp. 74, 153, and 233). He received another recommendation
from King James in 1599, when he came over to settle the affairs of his brother,
Colonel Murray, killed at Bommel. Douglas (followed by Burke) and the
Chronicles of the Families of Atholl and Tullibardine state that Sir William
Murray, tenth Baron of Tullibardine, who married Catherine Campbell of
Glenurchy, and died in 1562, had Sir William, who succeeded him ; Alexander,
a colonel in the service of the States of Holland; James of Purdoves, and
Andrew Murray. Sir William, the eldest son, who married Lady Agnes
Graham, and died in 1583, had John, his heir, Sir William of Pitcairly, Alex.,
said to have died young, and Mungo of Dunork. But it would seem that Colonel
Alexander Murray really belonged to the later generation.
2 Captain John Dallachy continued to serve until 1599, when he was succeeded
in October (being dead) by John Kilpatrick. Probably killed at Bommel. His
widow (Elizabeth Crichton) and two children appear in list of 1607. See
recommendation ' en sa vieillesse ' by King James, April 1599. Attended Dutch
ambassadors in Scotland in 1594.
3 William Nisbet. Received captain's commission on i7th Oct. 1581, in
succession to Captain John Nisbet, in the regiment of Count Diedrich Sonoy
(p. 76). The name Nisbet occurs until 1600, when Hugo Nisbet succeeded his
father, and was killed at Nieuport. The children of Captain John, and the widow
(El. Forbes) and children of Captain William appear in pension list of 1607.
4 Alexander Murray succeeded his brother in his company in 1588, became
colonel of the Scottish Regiment in 1594. Killed at Bommel, 1599 (see
p. 29). 5 See note, p. 47.
6 A Captain John Balfour, who had previously served with distinction, received
a commission as cavalry captain in March 1586 (p. 79). A John Balfour also
appears in list of 1587, and then disappears. This was probably Captain John
Balfour of Wester Pitcorthie, second husband of Christian Cant, dead in 1592,
who had in 1586 a law-suit with Alexander Balfour of Denmylne for redelivery
of 'twa blankis' left with him on leaving for Flanders. In 1594 a Captain
John Balfour is mentioned by the ambassadors of the States as seen by them at
the Scottish Court. This was probably Captain John Balfour, brother of David
1589]
STATES OF WAR
51
Montgomery
Olifart
£1700
Col. Balfour
1587
Rendered Dec. 31st.
Foot
Companies of 200 men
Actual number at the last muster.
Companies of 150 men
Cant
Waddel .
Treil • .
Blair
Nysbet
Dallachy .
Hay
Guile Morray .
Jan Balfour
Prop
Alex. Morray .
. 148
.120
. 144
. . 150
.. . , . 135
.. , • 150
List of pay
Col. Balfour with one Sr major at 80£ and one Provost Marshal
at 50£ monthly ......
1588 and 1589
Foot soldiers paid by Holland
Estimated Estimated
200
144
150
103
137
126
£530
£1500
1500
1500
1500
Balfour of Bandon, who, along with Margaret de Primzie, his spouse, entered
into a contract with Michael Balfour of Mountquhanny and Andrew Balfour, his
son, on yth June 1598. On 6th September 1599 Andrew Balfour of Strathor
granted an obligation for 8000 marks to Margaret de Primzie, relict of Captain
John Balfour. Bandon was possessed by this family from at least 1498 to 1642.
From the resolutions of Holland it appears that Captain John Balfour, who had
a claim in respect of Captain John Petam's company, was appointed second
sergeant-major in July 1597, the Prince of Orange being unwilling to supersede
Sergeant-Major Brog, and Holland having three months before appointed
Balfour. On March I5th, 1605, a petition was referred to the committee from
Margrieta Proignere, widow of the late Captain Balfour, and before him widow
of the late Captain Johan de Petain. The widow of Captain John Balfour
appears in the pension list of 1609. In April 1606 John Balfour, brother of
Baron Balfour of Burley, presented a request to raise a company, which was
not disposed of (p. 203).
1 Alexander Melville, commissioned February 3rd, 1589. Killed at Groningen
1 5th July 1594. His widow (Maria Rigg) appears in pension list of 1597.
For names of children, see list of 1607. A branch of the Fife house of Melville
is still represented in Holland.
Col. Balfour .
200 men
. £2200
Hay, now Melvil,1
130 men
Waddel .
130
. 1500
Prop .
130
Cant .
150
. 1700
Morray
130
Dallachy
130
. 1500
Trail . V .
130
Nysbet .
130
. 1500
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1587
Pay on Holland
Col. Balfour with one Sfc major at 80J and one
Provost Marshal at 50.£ £530
Settling of Accounts with the Captain Mathias Railing
Evhibitum, Aug. 24, 1592.
ESCOMPTE faict de la part des Estatz generaulx des Provinces unies du
Pays Bas avec le Capitaine Mathias Railing, des services par Iceluy
faicts avecq sa Compaignie de gens de pied, depuis le XIVe de
Janvier 1587, jour de sa premiere moustre, jusques au XXIV6 de-
Juillet ensuivant, que Alexandre Mouray est venu en sa place-
Faict en libvres, soulx et deniers de 40 gros pieces.
Premierement revient au Capne depuis le 14e Janvier 1587,
qu'il a este premierement par moustre a la ville de
Rotterdam, troure fort de 150 testes, jusques au 20e
febvrier ensuivant inclus, faisant 37 jours a 1'advenant
de C£l7 par mois ....
La somme de . . . . . £1965 12 6
Encores depuis le 21e de Febvrier 1587 que la dite com-
paignie a de recheff passe moustre en la ville de Delff
et trouve fort de 141 testes (en retirant le sergeant
Maior illecq passe et non paye par le dit Capne)
Jusqu'au 7e de May ensuivant faisant le temps de deux
mois 12 Jours, a 1'advenant de £1610 par mois
revient ....... 4823 15 0
Encores depuis le 8e de May 1587 jusqu'au 28e de Juillet
que Alexandre Mouray est venu en sa place, faisant
deux mois 18 jours, a 1'advenant de £1360 par mois,
pour 116 testes .....
revient ....... 3485
Somma . . . . . . 9274 7 £
de quoy rabatu le sixiesme denier a cause du moindre
nombre, changement des noms, et desspenses tombees
passant par le plat pays, reste . . . 7728 13 4
y adiouste £600, quoy luy a (ete) donne en recompense
du service qu'il a fait devant date de la dite moustre
Revient ensemble : huict mille trois cents vingt et huict
libvres, treize souls, quatre deniers . . . 8328 13 4
Payements faicts a I'encontre et premierement en argent
Premierement paye par le Recepveur general le 19e
Janvier 1587 ...... £1700 0 0
le 26e Janvier a Michel Gordon, gentilhomme de la com-
paignie, .... 15 0 O
1587] STATES OF WAR 53
le 23e de Mars 1587 par descharge sur le recepveur de
Hollande £1620, mais com me suivant la reveue, il
n'a este paye la dessus que £1177, partant seulle-
mentici . . . . . . £1177 0 0
le 25e de May 1587 encore . . 1360 0 0
Encores par ceux d' Hollande par les mains de Lodensteyu
le 25e d'Avril 1587 . . . 1550 8 0
par les mesmes par de Lint sur rescript de son Exce et
ordonnance du 206 de May 1587 , . . 834 12 0
Premiere Somme . 6637 0 0
Aultres payements f aicts par prestes, vivres et armes
Par Thomas Rochusz surquoy ordonnance a suivy du 20e
Febvrier 1587 . . . . £121 2 6
Par ceulx de Cluyndert, surquoy ordonnance a suivy du
25e Febvrier 1587 . . . . . 85 0 9
Par Biermans, recepveur a Aernhem par 31 recepisses,
depuis le 8e d'Avril 1587 jusques au premier de Juille
ensuyvent . . . . . 1544 0 0
Par Caesvell 20 musquettes, 84 harquebuses, avecq les
furnitures, trois rondasses, 40 corcelettes, 40 picques 1444 0 0
La portion pour ceste compaignie des vivres despartis au
Regiment Escossois en 1'expedition faicts en Brabant,
1'an '87 . . . . . . . 568 14 8
Encores de Mierop par ceulx de Wesip . . . . 258 0 0
De Thomas Rachusz par ceulx de Geertruydenberge . 11 13 6
De Regelinck par ceulx de Schombourg . . . 44 3 0
Encores par de Lint . .. .• . . • 31 15 6
De Lodenstein, par ceulx de Delff . * . 48 15 10
Encores par ceulx de Wesip . ... . ,. 8 10 2
Encores par Iceulx . . . . . 24 16 2
Encores par Thomas Rochusz . : . . 71 1 0
De Mierop par ceulx de Sevenbergen . . ' . 18 16 0
Encores a 1'hospital a Leyde . . . . 5 3. 0
£ 1'hospital a Delif . ', . - . 19 10 0
a 1'hospital a Dordrecht . ! . . .'. . 17 15 0
a 1'hospital a Amsterdam . . . , ... 3 1 11
a 1'hospital a la Haye . . . ... 024 0
Par ceulx d'Utrecht .' . . ,^ . 36 6 7
Encores rabaton au Capitaine selon la vieille Coustume le
Centieme denier de tous les ds payements, excepte'
des £1700 qu'il a receu du Recepveur ge'neral ou le
dfc rabatement a este une fois fait, faisant £9190,
19s. 3d. de quoy le c° denier monte . ' . . 90 18 2
54 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1592
Seconde Somme . . . . . . £4345 17 5
Totale Somme • *<••<. . . i .-«, . 1098217 5
Revient doncques trop receu : deux mille six cent, qua-
rante et quatre libvres, quatre souls, 1 denier (£2644,
4s. Id.)
Ainsy faict et descompte a la Haye, a condition que s'il se trouve avoir
este quelque chose davantage et profite par ceste compaignie soit en loge-
ments par le plat pays ou qu'ils ayent les despens es villes sur les
bourgeois ou quelque chose d'aultre qui n'est point specific cy dessus en
ceste descompte soit en vivres, armes, munitions, vestemens au aultre-
ment, que tout cela pourra estre cy apres sans aulcune contradiction
rabatu au payement qui en sera faict, selon qu'il comment.
Faict le 23e d'Aougst 1592. Signe' C. Aerssen.
MATTHIAS RALLING.
1595
Rendered Nov. 18th.
Cavalry
Edmond1 100 men . . . . ' . £2275
Foot soldiers paid by Holland
Col. Morray 200 men £2264
Wm. Balfour 2 150 1748
Wm. Brog3
Wm. Waddel4 150 men £1748
John Michel5 „ „
John Prop . „ „
1 Sir William Edmond, a native of Stirling, received commission as captain of
a company of lancers loth June 1589 (p. 90). Succeeded Alexander Murray in
command of the old Scots Regiment in 1599. Recommended (p. 179). For his
services see pp. 29-35. Killed at Rheinberg Sept. 1606. Widow and children
recommended by King James 1611.
2 William Balfour received commission, in February 1594, as captain, in suc-
cession to Colonel Barthold Balfour, whose lieutenant he had been (p. 92).
Served at Huy in 1595, and was killed at Hulst in 1596, being succeeded, on
30th August, by Archibald Buntin. On 25th May 1598 an application was made
by David Balfour, servitor to Mr. Henry Balfour, advocate, against Sir Michael
Balfour of Balgonie, as to the sum of 400 crowns received by him from the
deceased Captain William Balfour.
3 Sir William Brog. Captain, March 3ist, 1590. Sergeant-Major, 1588.
Recommended by King James, 1599, Lieutenant-Colonel, 1600. Colonel in suc-
cession to Sir William Edmond, September I2th, 1606. Commanded the regi-
ment till 1636. Specially selected in 1595 to act as sergeant-major of the force
under Justinus of Nassau which went to relieve Cambrai and co-operate with
Henry IV. of France (see Commission, p. 94). He was dead by I3th March 1636.
4 William Waddel, appointed August 3rd, 1595, in succession to G. Johnston
(deceased), having already filled the place for some time. Johnston had been
appointed, on July i8th, 1594, in succession to Robert Waddell, who had been
killed before Groningen on July i5th. (Robert had succeeded his brother
William shortly before.) Was killed at Meurs in 1597. The children of Captain
Waddel appear in the pension list of 1599. For their names, see list of 1607.
8 John (or James) Mitchell succeeded Captain Cant on 28th July, 1592. He
1595] STATES OF WAR 55
Wm. Nysbeth 150 men £1748
John Dallachy „ „
John Strachan » 150 men £1748
James Egger2 „ „
Pay on Holland
Col. Morray £400 0 0
The pension of the Prince of Scotland of 5000£ yearly,
of which the share of Holland amounts to 2655£,
19s. 4d., which is monthly . . . 221 6 2
Wardens
Brog Warden (St Major) of the Scots . . . 30 0 0
N.S. Is Brog to be allowed to fill the two offices of
Warden and Captain at the same time, this must be
looked into.
Officers of Justice
Alex. Murray,3 Provost Marshal of the Scots . . 50 0 0
Pay on Zeeland
The pension of the Prince of Scotland, etc., £65313 0 £54 9 5
Pay on Utrecht
Ditto . . . . 274 14 0 22 17 10
Pay on Groningen and Ommelanden
Ditto . . . 366 5 5 30 10 5
Pay on the Veluwe (Gelderland)
Ditto 325 0 0 27 1 8
was killed at the battle of Nieuport in 1600, and his widow appears in the
pension list of 1608.
1 John Strachan received commission, in succession to Alexander Melville, on
i8th July 1594. Killed at Nieuport 1600. His widow (Anna Kirkpatrick) in
pension list of 1607.
2 James Egger (Edgar) received commission December nth, 1589, on king's re-
commendation (new company). Killed at Hulst before 3<Dth August 1596, when
he was succeeded by his lieutenant and brother Alexander Egger. Widow and
children in pension list of 1599. Two children, Nicholas and Margaret, are noted
in 1607. In 1599 Nicholas Edgar, heir of Captain James Edgar, his father, was
retoured in the lands of Patrick Edgar, merchant in Edinburgh, and, as heir of
his father, in part of the lands of Lymphoy and Hillhousefield in the baronies of
Restalrig and Broughton. Edgar of Wedderlie, in Berwickshire, was an ancient
family of Saxon origin, which, like the Hepburns and Rentons, held their lands of
the old Earls of Dunbar. A branch of the name settled in Dumfriesshire, and in
the sixteenth centurya rich burgess of the name, Patrick Edgar, lived in Edinburgh,
and his family were owners of Peffermiln, where their arms showed connection
with the house of Wedderlie. In 1596 Captain James Edgar, a gentleman of
Scotland, who had served the French king, received a passport for himself and
his page to go through England to France. — The Scottish House of Edgar.
3 Alexander Murray received commission as Provost Marshal on 3ist May 1595.
56 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1595
Pay on Overyssel
The pension of the Prince of Scotland, etc., £175 0 0 £1411 8
Pay on Vrieslandt
549 8 1 45 15 8
Other payment* made by the Receiver from the balance of the contribution
of Brabant
The widow of Cap. Meldrom 250£ yearly and monthly . £20 16 3
The widow of Capn Blaire, with her 2 children . . 33 6 8
Bartholt Balfour, formerly Colonel, at 1000£ . . 83 6 8
Andries Penton,1 son of Guillaume Penton, 150£ yearly . 12 10 0
The widow of Johan Cuninga 2 at 300£ . . 25 0 0
„ „ Capn Hans Craeck, 100£ . . . 868
1597
Rendered June 2d
Footsoldiers paid by Holland
Col. Morray 200 men £2264 Michel 150 men £1748
Waddel 150 1748
Dallachy „
Nysbeth ,,
Brogh „
j»
;>
Strachan
Stuart3
Alex. Egger*
Brontin 5
Pay on Hollandt
Col. Morray . . . . £400 0 0
Pensions on Hollandt
The Pension of the Prince of Scotlandtof £5000, etc. (see 1595).
Wardens
Brog St Major of the Scots . . . . 30 0 0
Officers of Justice
Alex. Murray, Provost Marshal of the Scottish Regt . 50 0 0
1 Or Renton,
2 John Cunningham is recorded as having distinguished himself as an artillerist
at the siege of Haarlem. He is referred to in the resolutions of Holland in
1585 as Colonel Cunningham. In 1581, being then * commander of the artillery,'
he received a commission as * Assistant ' (Adjutant) to Count William Louis of
Nassau, at Dockum (see p. 77), and in the same year a commission for the
relief of Naijesijl (p. 78). He married Anna van Duivenvoorde.
3 Arthur Stuart succeeded Captain Prop, June i6th, 1596. Killed at Nieuport
1600. His widow (Anna van Leeuwen) appears in pension list of 1607.
4 Succeeded his brother August soth, 1596. Killed at Meurs before November
28th, 1597.
5 Archibald Buntin(?) succeeded William Balfour 3Oth August 1596. Dead
before August i2th, 1599. Probably killed at one of the sharp actions near
Bommel.
1598] STATES OF WAR 57
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus,1 Minister of the Scottish Regimen1 . £30 0 0
Other pensions paye at the Office of the Receiver-General
Col. Balfour . . . ' . £1000 yearly £83 6 3
Cap. Waddel . . * . .700 58 6 8
Widow of J. Cuninga . . ,300 25 0 0
„ „ Cap. Meldrom . . . 250 20 16 6
„ „ „ Blaire and 2 children .400 33 6 8
The same additionally . , . 150 12 10 0
Widow of Cap. J. Craeck .100 ,869
„ „ „ Melvil . . .400 33 6 8
Andries Penthon, son of Cap11 Gme Penthon 150 12 10 0
1598
Footsoldiers
Col. Morray 160 men £1852
Andries Morray2 120 1435
Dallachy
Nysbeth „ „
Brog
Michel 120 men £1435
Strachan „ ,,
Stuart „ „
Robt Bercley3 „ ,,
Bontin
Compan** from the undivided (war) expenses and now charged to Holland
Caddel4 150 men £1748 Hamilton6 150 men £1748
1 Andrew Hunter was for a long time chaplain. See representations by him
(p. 245) in 1611 and later.
2 Andrew Moray succeeded William Waddell, November 26th, 1 597. Captured
and killed at Nieuport, 1600. Captain Andrew Moray, fifth son of Robert
Moray of Abercairney, and Catherine Murray (of Tullibardine), died in Holland
without issue (Douglas's Baronage}. An older brother was Sir David of Gorthy,
and a third Mungo Moray of Craigie, who married a daughter of George Halkett
of Pitfirran. A younger brother, James, also died without issue.
3 Robert Barclay succeeded Alexander Egger, November 20th, 1597. Captured
and killed at Nieuport, 1600. King James shortly afterwards gave his brother,
David Barclay of Struiy (sic, Urie or Towie ?), a letter of recommendation. See
infra, p. 181, Requests by his widow 1604, and son 1607 ; also p. 21 1.
4 James Caddell received commission (new company), I5th August 1596.
Question with Utrecht as to his arrears, 1604. On 7th August 1595 the
authorities of Holland considered a letter from the Prince * strongly recom-
mending Jaques Caddel, for his good qualities and services, as L*, to be granted
the company he served in.' He died as lieutenant-colonel in 1618, having served
in the Juliers campaign. He married Catherina van Duivenvoorde, and on her
petition their son Thomas received extraordinary pay in Colonel Brogh's Com-
pany, until he should be able to carry arms. — Res. of Holland, 1618.
5 John Hamilton received commission (new company) isth August, 1596.
(Must be distinguished from Cavalry Captain John Hamilton, who received his
commission as such on April I4th, 1599, and was killed at Newport). On I3th
November 1621 a petition was presented to the Scottish Privy Council by Captain
58 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1598
Pay
Col. Morray . . . £400 0 0
Wardens
Thos. Nysche,1 St Major of the Scots . . . 80 0 0
Officers of Justice
Alex. Murray, Provost Marshal of the Scots . , . 50 0 0
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, Minister of the Scottish Regt . 30 0 0
Pensions payable at the Office of the Receiver-General for settlement of
accounts and previous services
Col. Balfour, yearly . . . £1000 £83 6 3
The children of Capn Waddel, deceased , 600 yearly 50 0 0
Widow Johan Cuninga . . . 300 25 0 0
„ Capn Meldrom ... 250 20 16 8
„ „ Blair, with her 2 children . 400 33 6 8
The same additionally ,. ." . . 150 12 10 0
Widow Capn Mellvil . . .400 33 6 8
Andries Renton, son of Capn Guillaume Renton 150 12 10 0
Summary of the divided monthly war expenses or required to be divided
over the 7 provinces, etc., conform the statement rendered July 4th 1598
Undivided (war) expenses
Additional 13 English Compies, etc.
The pension of the Prince of Scotland at 5000£ yearly which pro month
amounts to ...... £416 13 4
2 Compies of Scots, each of 150 men, at 1265£, 18s. 4d.,
together monthly . . ..u ' . . 2531 16 8
1599 2
Cavalry
Edmond 80 men £2125
Harry Bruce to stop proceedings against him ' for the slaughter of Captain John
Hamilton in single combat in the Low Country of Flanders some seventeen
years ago.' But John appears to have been a mistake for William (p. 66). See
representation for when in garrison at Nymguen in 1601 (p. 184). A Captain
Hamilton was killed at Grave in 1602, and one of the name had been in service
in 1594 (see p. 177). Captain John Hamilton had died before January i6th, 1620,
when he was succeeded by Captain Marjoribanks, and had ' served more than
forty years.' See resolution in favour of a petition by his daughter, infra.
1 Thomas Niche, formerly lieutenant of Captain Murray, received his com-
mission as sergeant-major (sit) on 6th October 1598. He was probably killed
before Rheinberg in 1601, for Prince Maurice there appointed Archibald Erskine
to succeed him on July 22nd, 1601.
2 This is a curious list, and really represents the state of the regiment after
1599] STATES OF WAR 59
Footsoldiers paid by Holland
Col. Edmondt 150 men £2014
the battle of Nieuport in 1600. The Holland lists for 1599 and 1600 are as
follows : —
1599 1600
Col. Murray and R. Henderson. Col. Edmond.
Bruntin and^CoLjEdmond. Henrison.
Andro Murray. Murray.
Dallachy and^Kilpatrick. Kirkpatrick.
Nysbeth. Nysbeth and his son Hugo Nysbeth.
Brogh. Brog.
Mitchel. Michel, with James Phis and Sincler.
Strachan. Strachan.
Stuart. Stewart and Neisch.
Berclay. Berclay.
Daniel Mackigny.
Allane Coutes.
Henry Balfour.
Caddel.
Ker.
The list of 1 600 indicates very plainly the effects of the disaster at Nieuport. The
names in italics are the officers who fell. The others recorded by the historians as
present were, besides Colonel Edmond and Sergeant-Major Brog, Henderson,
Caddel, and Ker. Robert Henderson, the first of three brothers who were to
distinguish themselves in the Dutch service, had succeeded to Colonel Murray's
company in June 1599. Caddel, and Hamilton, whose name does not appear,
and who may have been in garrison elsewhere (his name appearing under Utrecht
in 1604), commanded the two companies added in 1596, and John Ker received
his commission on April 24th, 1599, as captain of a new company then raised.
On September I5th, 1599, the States-General had resolved to maintain 'at the
general expense 13 companies of Scots, viz., the life company at 150 men,
and 12 other companies, each of 113 men.' On 3rd July 1600, they resolved
'that all the Scots remaining after the defeat they lately suffered shall be
divided over the 4 companies of which the captains are still living.' Edmond,
Henderson, Brog, and Caddel appear in later lists. Ker received a letter of
recommendation from King James on 27th December 1600, having been called
to Scotland on private affairs (p. 182). Archibald Johnston was appointed in
his place shortly before.
It would seem that while Murray's, Kirkpatrick's, Nisbet's, Strachan's, and
Barclay's companies were completely wiped out, Mitchel's and Stuart's were so
far extant that they could still be held to exist, and Sinclair and Neish to be
successors of their former captains. Colonel Edmond brought over 800 Scots
in October, and the States ordered three new companies to be formed. These
were evidently Mackenzie's, Balfour's, and Coutts's.
Robert Henderson was the second son of James Henderson of Fordell, and
Jean, daughter of William, tenth baron of Tulliebardine. His elder brother,
60 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1599
Daniel Makingny1 113 men £1502 | Allyn Coutys2 113 men £1502
Sir John Henderson, married first a daughter -of Sir Michael Balfour of
Burleigh, and second, Anna, daughter of Sir Robert Halkett of Pitfirran. It is
curious that while Douglas mentions Sir Francis Henderson (the fourth son)
as killed at Bergen-op-Zoom in the Dutch service, he merely says that Sir
Robert and Sir James (the third son) distinguished themselves in the Danish,
Swedish, and French wars. On i;th March 1618, there was submitted to the
Scots Privy Council a complaint by John Boyle of Kilburn against Robert
Galbraith of Culcreuch, as cautioner for him ' at the hands of Sir Robert
Henderson of Kiniegask (Finnegask?) Coronell over the Scottis Regiment in the
country of Flanders.' Robert Henderson was transferred to Lord Buccleuch's
regiment soon after its formation, and ultimately succeeded to the command.
In 1610 he commanded the Scots regiment (made up from the Dutch companies)
sent along with two English ones in English pay to Cleves, and distinguished
himself at the siege of Juliers. He, and not his brother Sir Francis, was killed
at Bergen-op-Zoom in 1622. His widow, Anna Kirkpatrick, recommended by
King James and the Scottish Council, was granted an annuity in recognition
of his good service. For an account of his last moments, see Introduction to
Div. m. Petitions by his widow in 1622, 1624 and 1626.
John Kirkpatrick succeeded Captain Dallachy on I5th October 1599, having
been formerly lieutenant of the company. He was killed at Nieuport. His
widow (Susana Splitkoff) appears in the pension list of 1607, and with her
children, John, Maria, and Helena, in 1609.
James Caddel received his commission on August I5th, 1596, served as
lieutenant-colonel of the Scots regiment in the expedition to Juliers and Cleves
in 1610; died before January I4th, 1617, when succeeded by Thomas Edmond.
John Ker has been already referred to. He was recommended by King James
in December 1600 (see p. 152), having been in Scotland for private affairs, which
necessitated his leaving the service of the States, and being anxious to dispose of
his company to a friend.
The name of another Scotsman of an ancient house who fell has been preserved
by a communication from a descendant at Vienna to his chief in Scotland.
James Wemyss of Caskieberran (1554), whose wife was Janet Durie, younger
son of David Wemyss of that Ilk, had eight sons, of whom, according to tradi-
tion, five went to Flanders. From a Cornelius Wemyss killed at Nieuport, whose
eldest son entered the Venetian service, came the Italian family of Wemyss. —
Memoirs of Wemyss of Wemyss^ by Sir William Fraser.
1 Daniel Mackigny( Donald? Mackenzie) received his commission on October
24th, 1600, when Colonel Edmond had first brought over 800 Scots. In 1608, his
company was in garrison at Aardenburg (see p. 214). His wife's name was
Beatrix van Berchem, and his son, John Mackenzie, was appointed ensign in his
company in succession to William Grant, on his petition on i6th February 1618.
He was dead before the 9th of July, when a petition from his widow was
considered.
2 Allan Coutts received a captain's commission in 1600, became lieutenant-
colonel of Sir William Brog's regiment, and had died before May I2th, 1631,
when he was succeeded as captain by George Keir. Petitions by his widow,
Christina Bos well, in 1631 et seq. Coutts of Auchtertoul was an ancient family
in Cromar, in Aberdeenshire.
1599]
STATES OF WAR
61
Henry Balfour1 113 men £1502
Brog
Cinder2
Jacques Caddel 113 men £1502
Robert Henrison ,,
Archibald Arskyn 3 ,,
Pay on Holland
Col. Edmond *......
Wm Brog, Lt Col. of the Scots .
Wardens
Thos. Ewink,4 st major of the Scots ....
Thos. Maesterton 5 quarter master of the Scots, usually 36 when
with the army, 14 additional here ....
Officers of Justice
Wm Carcadie,6 Provost marshal of the Scottish Reg*
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, minister of the Scottish Reg*
Extraordinary pay, when with the army
Capn Meesterton qr mr of the Scottish Regt, with the army
14 guilders monthly, additional pay, facit for 6 months
Zeeland
from the undivided (war expenses)
Bruse7 113 men .
£400
100
80
36
50
30
84
^1572
1 Henry Balfour had, in 1611, been a captain for twelve years. He then
petitioned for a lieutenant-colonelcy, and again in 1613, and in 1614 for a
lieutenant-colonelcy or sergeant-majorship. He was dead before August 4th,
1615, when he was succeeded as captain by Robert Coutts. He is designed as
Sir Henry Balfour in the recommendation of the British Ambassador of 1611,
and had also the recommendation of the Princess Elizabeth, wife of the
Elector- Palatine. Maria de Leon, widow of Captain Henry Balfour, appears in
the pension list of 1618. Probably brother of first Lord Balfour of Burleigh (see
p. 44 note).
2 William Sinclair received commission 1600. A Captain Sinclair distinguished
himself, and was killed at Ostend.
3 Archibald Erskine received commission as captain 24th August 1601.
Offered to form company of Cuirassiers in December 1604. Offer ultimately
accepted (p. 196 et seq.). Stationed at Zwolle. Died before 3rd December 1608.
Referred to as Sir Archibald Erskine in the resolutions of Holland.
4 Thomas Ewing.
5 Thomas Masterton, see p. 29. Appointed quartermaster in 1597.— Records
of Holland.
6 William Carcadie (Kirkcaldy or Cathcart ?).
7 Sir Walter Bruce. On 2ist January 1604, his company was in Ostend
(p. 187). In 1610, his company was in Zealand, and in 1621-22, at Bergen-
op-Zoom. Dead before June ist, 1627, when he was succeeded by William
Douglas.
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1599
Hamilton
Utrecht
from the undivided (war expenses)
113
1502
Pensions payable at the office of the Receiver General for settlement
of accounts and previous services : —
Col. Balfour 1000 guilders yearly
The children of Capn Waddel ..
Widow Capn Melvis 400 ..
„ „ Blair with 2 children 400 .
the same additionally 150 yearly
Widow Capn Cuninga ...
„ „ Craik
Guille Morray 400 guilders yearly
Widow Cap. Dallachy ...
Andries Renton son of Capn Guillem Renton
Widow Cap. Meldron 250 yearly ..
„ Prop 500 .
„ and children of Jacques Egger 250
Edmond
Col. Edmondt pikes
and muskets
Daniel Macqingny ,
Allane Coutis .
Henry Balfour .
Brogh
Col. Edmondt
1599/1604
Cavalry (of Holland)
80 men
Footsoldiers paid by Holland
£83 6 8
50 0 0
33 6 8
33 6 8
12 10 0
25 0 0
868
33 6 8
50 0 0
12 10 0
20 16 8
41 13 4
20 16 8
£2125
150
£2014
Guill6 Cinder . . 113
£1502
113
1502
Jacques Caddel „
M
»
) 5
Thos. Neyse . . „
)3
»
»
Robert Hendersonne „
}}
»
,,
Pay on Holland
Wardens
Thos. Neyssche, s* major of the Scots
Thos. Meisterton qr mr „ „ ordinary, 36, when
with the army, 14£ more, here the ordinary .
Officers of Justice
Alex. Murray, Provost marshal of the Scottish Regt
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, Minister ....
Extraordinary Pay when with the Army
Capn Maesterton being with the army £14 monthly above
the ordinary pay, facit for 6 months .
£400 0 0
80 0 0
36 0 0
50 0 0
30 0 0
84 0 0
i6oi]
STATES OF WAR
63
Pensions the same as for 1599, except Murray, Dallachy, Prop and
Egger, who do not appear.
Zeeland, Foot, Undivided
Bruce
113 men
Utrecht, Foot, Undivided
Hamelton . . 113
Karr (pikes and muskets) 113
Extra State, 1599
Cavalry of Holland
Thomas Areskyn l
Henry Bruce 2
^1572
1502
1460
1138 9
Ditto
1601
Footsoldiers paid by Holland
Edmond 150 spears and muskets
D. Makinge 113 men £1502
Aleyn Coutis ,, ,,
Balfour
Brock
Chincler
Caddel
Thos. Neisse
Rob1. Herrisson
. £2014 0 0
113 men £1502
Pay on Holland
Colonels
Edmondt
£400 0 0
Wardens
Thos Neys, major of the Scots
qr. master of the Scots . .-
Officers of Justice
The Provost Marshal of the Scots
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, of the Scots .
80
36
50 0 0
30 0 0
1 Thomas Erskine. See note i, p. 67.
2 Henry Bruce, see note, pp. 57 and 58. Killed Captain Hamilton in a duel,
1604. In 1607 requested settlement of his arrears, and was told that he had been
better treated than any other Scottish captain. Submitted certain inventions to
the States in 1608, and received grants in recognition (see p. 211). Recommended
to the Margrave of Anspach 1609. See report by Sir Dudley Carleton as to his
service under the Emperor (p. 224). A Colonel Henry Bruce commanded a
regiment in the Cadiz Expedition of 1625, advocated a descent on Gibraltar, and
was the only commanding officer who spoke well of his soldiers (Dalton's Cecil).
Writing in 1638, Baillie states, ' Sir Harie Bruce has offered his service to the
king long ago. He asked Sir John Seaton if he would serve the king. He
answered he would, but not against his own countrie, where he had his life. '
64 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1601
Pensions the same as 1599 except that Murray, Dallachy, Prop and
Egger do not appear.
Zeeland, Foot, undivided Utrecht, Foot, undivided
Bruce 113 men £1572 Hamelton 113 men £1502
Kar Ditto Ditto
1604
Exhibitum, Aug. Qth.
Companies as yet not brought under division.
The Regfc of Bachlouch 1 has been paid until Aug. 12th, 1604 inclusive,
the month which remains still to be paid commences therefore with Aug.
13th, 1604, and orders have been received, in addition to the reduction to
be made for arms and the 8th man, conform Res. of the gentlemen
states general, to reduce the last (pay) order as has been noted here for
each (individually).
Monthly to be
men deducted for arms.
£2100 Col. Bachlouch 2 200 £2489 £300
1750 CapaSchot3 200 2489 399
1 On August I2th, 1603 Sir R. Cecil wrote to Winwood, the English ambas-
sador at the Hague : * His Majesty hath been pleased to consent to the leavying
of the new Regiment in Scotland, for which purpose there is order already gone
to the Lord of Bucklugh who is to command them.' The first service of the new
regiment was at Ostend, and seven companies were there when the place capitu-
lated (see p. 33). In April 1604 it had been inspected by Robert Henderson, who
was transferred to it as lieutenant-colonel with his company, his brother Francis
being one of the new captains. On December 2Oth, 1603, the two Hendersons,
Ralph Selby, David Balfour, and David Cathcart, all new Scottish captains, took
their oaths on the commissions newly issued to them in Buccleuch's regiment.
They were followed on the 3ist by William Hamilton, on January 28th, 1604, by
Alexander Erskine, and on April i;th by Sir Andrew Balfour of Monthone
(Mountquhanny), and James Chinne (Chene, i.e. Cheyne) of Steelberg. The other
two original captains were evidently John Murray and William Hamilton. On
1 7th July 1604, Laurence Sinclair was recommended to succeed Captain More of
his company in Buccleuch's regiment. Of More there is no other mention, but
probably the regiment lost several officers at Ostend. On 24th November, com-
missions were granted to supply the places of Lamond, Murray, and Hamilton,
then deceased.
On 25th March 1603, Patrick Murray, Ensign of Captain R. Henderson's com-
pany, had been authorised by the Scots Privy Council to levy sixty men.
2 Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch was Lord Warden of the Marches between
England and Scotland in the last days of the separate monarchies, and was the
hero of the rescue of ' Kinmont Willie ' from Carlisle Castle. He was created
Lord Buccleuch in 1606, and died in 1611. See pp.i88, 256 et seq. in reference
to his services and claims, and those of his son, the first Earl of Buccleuch. See
also Sir William Eraser's Scoffs of Buccleuch^ vol. i. p. 235.
3 Robert Scott took oath as captain on 28th November 1604.
1700
Andro Balfour 2
200
2489
I860
David Balfour3
200
2489
1800
1560
Spence 4
Carcardt5
200
150
2489
1925
1401
Franc. Henderson6
150
1925
1348
Raeff Selby7
150
1925
99 men at Ostend conform List of July 13th.
1604] STATES OF WAR 65
£1961 Schyne1 200 men £2489 £491
152 men at Ostend conform List of June 13th, 1604.
390
432
410
158
321
383
As to question in divorce suit at the instance of his wife, Isobella Mowbray,
I5th February 1618, see infra. Described in 1619 as ' the oldest of the Scottish
captains.' Dead before January 25th, 1627, when succeeded by James Elphin-
stone.
Robert, third son of Robert Scott of Burnhead in Roxburghshire, who died in
1609, settled in Holland. — Douglas's Baronage.
Douglas states that his eldest brother, William Scott of Burnhead, was * an
officer in Holland, and served under the brave Walter Scott, Lord Buccleuch,
against the Spaniards in the year 1604, when that cohort of Scots performed
many glorious actions against their enemies.' William of Burnhead died about
1640.
1 James (or John) Cheyne (Chene) of ' Steelberg,' also described as * Baron de
Chinne,' succeeded by Arthur Forbes on January I4th, 1605. The arrival of his
company at Ostend is noted by Fleming.
3 Sir Andrew Balfour of Mountquhanny, succeeded by William Douglas on
January i6th, 1606. Sir Michael Balfour of Mountquhanny, served heir to his
grandfather, Andrew Balfour (father of Sir James of Pittendreich), in 1592,
married M. Adamson, and had two sons, the eldest of whom was Sir Andrew
Balfour of Strathor and Mountquhanny, who married Mary Melville, and died
s.p. He is represented by Balfour of Balfour and Trenaby, Balfour Castle,
Kirkwall.
3 Sir David Balfour. Appointed sergeant-major, September 4th, 1622, lieut.-
colonel, December 23rd, 1628. Succeeded Sir John Halkett as colonel of the
regiment in 1629, his appointment before Bois-le-Duc being confirmed on
September 7th. Was dead by December 6th, 1638. On February 5th, 1639,
Colonel Morgan in recommending Captain Wight said, 'The good lady, his
wife, has recently lost her father, Colonel Balfour, who served this country so
long and so faithfully.' Probably brother of first Lord Balfour of Burleigh (see
p. 44, note).
4 John Spens. See grant to his ensign, John Boyd, p. 195.
5 David Cathcart. (Oath-book.)
6 Sir Francis Henderson, fourth son of James Henderson of Fordell ; served as
sergeant-major of Buccleuch's regiment from June 1604. Succeeded his brother
as colonel on September i7th, 1622. Dead by December 27th, 1628, when he
was succeeded by Sir John Halket. Recommended by King James, 1624.
Concerned in an ' unfortunate malheur? for which his pardon was obtained by
Sir Dudley Carleton (infra}.
7 Ralph Selby, succeeded in July 1605 by his lieutenant, George (Joris) Home.
E
66 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [ 1 604
£1727 132 men Lamond1 150 men £1925 £307
1304 95 John Murray 2) 150 1925 310
now with j Jean Halket
1617 122 Wm. Hamilton3 150 1925 365
1447 108 Alex. Aresken4 150 1925 310
Holland
The Compy of Bachlouch of 200 men . . . £189113 Hob.
10 Compies of the same Regt : Fraiichois Henderson,
Schot, Andro Balfour, David Balfour, Spens,
Carcardt, Lamonde, Alex. Areskyn, John Murray
and Wm Hamilton,— each of 150 men . . £13940 19 6
Zeelandt
2 companies of Scots, namely : —
Schyn and Raeff Selby,— each of 150 men . . £2738 311
List of all the Compies of Foot in the service of the State 6
Col. Edmondt 200 175
Mackingny 113 61
Allane Coutes 113 141
Henry Balfour 113 98
Brogh 113 64
Michel Etmetson 6 113 73
James Kaddel 113 41
Robert Henrison 113 128
1 Lamond. Dead before November 24th, 1604, when he was succeeded by
William Hudson.
2 John Murray. Also dead before 24th November 1604, and succeeded by
John Halkett.
3 William Hamilton, also dead before 24th November 1604, and succeeded by
William Hay.
On 29th January 1605 Lord Buccleuch complained of the delay in dealing
with Captain Bruce, who had killed his lieutenant, Captain Hamilton, in a duel,
and a court-martial was recommended. On I3th November 1621 a petition was
presented to the Scots Privy Council by Captain Harry Bruce, ' servitor to the
Prince his Hieness,' to stop proceedings against him * for the slaughter of Captn
John (sic) Hamilton in single combat in the Low Country of Flanders some
seventeen years ago,' his conduct having been justified by the Council of War
established by the Estates, and the king's remission having been granted to him
in 1605.
4 Alexander Erskine was dead before January ipth, 1606, when he was
succeeded by George Bothwell.
5 N.B.— The document does not give the meaning of these figures. Probably
the number of men of the/#// company and of the actual number at the last muster.
6 Michael Otmarson succeeded Captain Sinclair (dead) on October 8th, 1604.
1604]
STATES
OF WAR
Hollandt. 1st Amplification
Thos. Areskyn1
113 86
Henry Bruce 2
Hollandt. 2nd Amplification
Col. Buchloucli
200 170
Corchard
Francois Henderson
150 114
Wm. Hutson3
Schot
150 128
Alex. Arskyn
Andro Balfour
150 134
John Hacquet4
Spens
150 98
Wm. Hey
67
113 87
150 77
150 61
150 62
150 53
150 63
1 Captain Thomas Erskine and Captain Henry Bruce were authorised by the
Scots Privy Council on 25th March 1603 to levy 200 men each, their cautioner
being Sir Michael Balfour of Burleigh. On 8th April 1617, Thomas Erskine,
having left his company, was succeeded by James Erskine. Both Thomas Erskine
and Henry Bruce were in state of 1599 as commanding cavalry of Holland, and
both (as well as Walter Bruce) appear to have taken an oath in August 1601.
2 Henry Bruce killed Captain William (or John ?) Hamilton in a duel in 1604,
(see pp. 57 and 66.)-
3 William Hudson succeeded Captain Lamond in November 1604. Was dead
before February loth, 1625, when he was succeeded by David Colyear.
4 John Halkett, though apparently not the first of his name in the Dutch
army, is the first of whom a detailed record exists of a family that were to render
remarkable services to the Dutch Republic, and to the British Crown. He was
the second son of George Halkett of Pitfirrane (No. ix. in the family genealogy).
The genealogy of the Halkett family records that he ' had the honour of knight-
hood conferred upon him by King James vi. , and being born a younger brother
he betook himself to a military life, went into the service of Holland, where by
his bravery and merit he rose to the rank of colonel-general, had the command
of a Scots regiment in the Dutch service, and was President of the Grand Court-
Marishal of Holland. He was killed at the siege of Bois-le-Duc, anno 1628.
' He married Maria van Loon, a lady of Amsterdam, and had two sons : (i)
John (Alexander), ancestor of the late Lieutenant-General Alexander Halkett, of
whom there are no male descendants. Lieutenant-General Alexander Halkett
was Governor of Breda, where he died and was buried, 1742. (2) Maurice, who
carried on the line of this family. '
The genealogy also contains the following ' Translation of an Extract from the
Register of the Finances of Holland ' : —
* List of the Generals, Colonels, etc. of the family of Halkett of Pitfirran, who
have served the House, United Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Holland, from
the year 1582 to the year 1782.
* Rodd George Halkett, Colonel-General, 1582.
* John Halkett, Colonel-General, 1598.
'Both were at the battle of Nieuport, near Ostend, in Flanders, 1600, and by
them were taken the colours that hang in the palace, and on which stood the
Virgin and a monk. These were the first trophies of the then formed Republic.
* Maurice Halkett, General, 1655.
' Robert Halkett, Major-General, 1680. Killed at the battle of Ramillies,
1706.
* Ed ward Halkett, General: killed, nth September 1709 at the battle of
Malplacquet.
68 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1604
Zeeland. Foot
Walter Bruce 113 8.5
Zeelandt. 2d Amplification
Schyn 150 95 | Raaff Selby 150 54
Footsoldiers paid by Groningcn and Ommelanden
Norman Bruce l 113 89
Utrecht. Foot
Jan Hamelton 113 102
Buyren and Culenburg
Andro Donalsonne 113 95
' Arent (Brent) Halkett, Major-General, 1738.
'Alexander Halkett, Colonel of a Scots regiment, i;th July 1716 ; Lieutenant-
General and Governor of Breda, I3th May 1740. He died and was buried, at
Breda, 1743.
1 Charles Halkett, Major, I4th November 1727 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, loth
March 1730 ; Colonel and General of a regiment of Scots, I7th November 1736 ;
Lieutenant-General, I3th January 1748, and on the ist of February of that year
sworn in as Chief President of the High Council of War of the United Nether-
lands. Died 24th October 1758, and buried in the Kloster Church at the
Hague.
* Peter Halkett, Colonel, murdered with his two sons in the colony of Berbice,
1761.
'Charles Halkett, Acting Major, 3<Dth May 1748; effective Major, 5th
November 1758 ; Commandant of the town of Namur, 8th January 1761 ; Colonel,
i8th March 1766 ; Colonel Commandant, 2nd October 1772. Died April
1774-
' Frederick Halkett ; ensign when still a baby in 1736 ; was made a prisoner
of war on i8th June 1745, at the surrender of the town Meenen, in Flanders, by
capitulation to the French; Lieutenant, 1752; Captain 5th January, 1762;
Major, nth April 1774, in the ist Battalion of the Regiment Gordon, and sworn
in on the i8th April of that year; Lieutenant-Colonel, 5th November 1777.
Asked for his demission 6th July 1782, and obtained it with the rank of Colonel
and the honourable mention of his services and those of his forefathers to the
United Netherlands.'
See also resolution as to the widow of Colonel Sir John Halkett, by the
States General in 1640, infra.
1 Captain Norman Bruce succeeded Captain Archibald Johnston in May
1603 (see p. 95, note). Sir Robert Bruce of Clackmannan, knighted 1593, had a
second son, Colonel Norman Bruce, who married, and had daughters but no
male issue {Douglas's Baronage). His company was in Groningen in December
1604 (p. 197). He was dead before July 8th, 1615, when he was succeeded by
George Coutts.
1 607] STATES OF AVAR
1607
Guelderland. Bueren and Culenborgh. Foot.
These 2 counties to pay for the comp^ of Cap11 Andro Donaldson.
Holland Foot
Col. Brogh . . 200 men . . £2612
Caddel . ,150 . . . 1925
Mackigny . . „ . . . ,,
Allaune Coutis .
Henry Balfour
Thos. Areskyn
H. Levingston1 . . „ . . „
Archibald Areskyn . „ . „
Col. Bachlouch . . 200 . . 2612
Robert Henderson . 150 spears and muskets 2014
Francois Henderson . ,, . . . ,,
R. Schot ...„...„
Wm. Douglas2 . . ,, . . ,,
Wm. Balfour3
1 Henry Livingston succeeded Captain Bruce on January I2th, 1607. A
young man Livingston, who had previously served, was recommended by King
James in July 1603. Sir Henry Livingston died before November 24th, 1626,
when he was succeeded by P. Murray. On August 28th, 1617, Secretary Lake
wrote to Sir Dudley Carleton : — ' In the matter of Sir Henry Levingston and
Capt. Hamilton, his Majesty saith that you have so much mistaken him as he
was fain to call for the letters he wrote for Hamilton for his own satisfaction,
and findeth they contain no other matter than what his intention was, that if by
the course of the discipline there it be due to Hamilton his Majesty would not
prejudice him, if to Levingston not him, if it be at liberty for either, then to
Levingston, because the others years have made him unserviceable.' In 1627
Johanna Turck, his widow, requested appointments for her three sons, John,
James, and Alexander, and a commission was granted to John, the eldest.
2 William Douglas succeeded Sir Andrew Balfour on January i6th, 1606, and
was succeeded by James Lindsay on March 3ist, 1615.
8 Sir William Balfour, of Pitcullo, eldest son of Colonel Henry Balfour, killed
in 1580, made frequent representations to the Dutch authorities, and received
recommendations from King James, the Princess of the Palatinate, and the
Dutch Ambassador in London, in reference to his father's and his uncle, Captain
D. Cant's arrears and his own claims. See representation by him as ' fils aine" '
in November 1605 (p. 200), when he had been for eight months a captain in
Buccleuch's regiment. Consideration of his claims was postponed in 1608
(p. 215). In 1613 he is described as the eldest and only son (p. 252). In 1615,
when he was settled with and received a pension of ,£600 settled on his son's life,
he was negotiating with Captain Wishart for his company of cavalry. He then
asked that 'the salary of his uncle of 1000 guilders per annum should be settled
on him for life,' which confirms the MS., which states that Colonel Barthold
Balfour was a brother of Colonel Henry. In November 1618 Captain
70 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1607
Geo. Botwel l .150 spears and muskets . £2014
Wm. Hutson . ,, . . „
Jean Halcket . ,, . },
Monge Hamilton 2 . ,, . . . „
Davidt Balfour
Orrock received a commission in succession to William Balfour, who had become
a captain of horse. In 1610 he served as sergeant-major of the Scots regiment
in the expedition to Juliers. In April 1621 he was stationed at Nymeguen. In
1622 he was taken prisoner by the Spaniards in a camisade at Emmerich.
In 1625 King Charles I. requested the loan of his company of carabineers, and
in 1627 the king made repeated requests for his services. In 1628 he was
allowed to leave the Dutch service, in order to raise a large force of cavalry
for the king. The death of Buckingham interfering with the war preparations
in England, he applied to be restored to his company. He had then been
twenty-five years in service, and in recognition of 'his father's, his uncle's, and
his own services' was granted a gold chain, valued at 1000 guilders. In 1634
his pension was transferred and made payable on the lives of two young
ladies. He was Lieutenant of the Tower when Earl Strafford was im-
prisoned, and sat with his distinguished prisoner in the impressive trial in
Westminster Hall. 'The putting of Sir William Balfour from the Tower of
London ' is mentioned by Baillie in 1643, an(^ *n J^44 he commanded the Parlia-
mentary Horse in the fighting near Winchester between Waller and Forth and
Hopton. In September ' he broke through the enemy with all his horse with
no loss considerable.' He had a command at Edgehill. According to the Sin-
clair MSS. there were two Sir William Balfours, father and son, and the younger
has been thought to be the Lieutenant of the Tower. But Charles Balfour,
son of Sir William, Lieutenant of the Tower, presented a petition to King
William in., in which he stated that 'his father, Sir Wm. Balfour and Coll.
Henry Balfour, his grandfather, served his present Maie ancestors in very con-
siderable military employments in the Low Countreys, his said grandfather
being killed before Antwerp, and that he has also lost two near kinsmen, who
were Colls, in his May'8 army, killed in His May'8 service, ye one at ye Battle
of Killiecrankie in Scotland, and the other at the Battle of ffluroy in fflanders.'
This Charles Balfour had two elder brothers, Alexander and William (died
before 1659), who are both said to have served in Holland. Baillie, when
recording certain marriages in 1658, says : 'The Earl of Murray did little better,
for at London, without any advice, he ran and married Sir Wm. Balfour's second
daughter.'
Sir William Balfour is represented by Balfour of Townley Hall, Co. Louth,
Ireland.
1 George Both well succeeded Alexander Erskine, January iQth, 1606, and was
succeeded by James Henderson on November I4th, 1618. Letter of Scottish
Council in reference to in 1615.
2 Mongo Hamilton, commissioned between June and October 1606, was appointed
sergeant-major of Sir David Balfour's regiment before Bois-le-Duc in 1629. He
had died before February 24th, 1633, when he was succeeded by James Balfour.
In 1627 he asked leave to enter the Danish service without losing his commission,
which was refused. His wife's name was Hester Sideniski. A gallant cavalry
officer of Polish extraction, called Seldnitski or ' Sedenesco,' served at Nieuport,
and was killed at Juliers in 1610. Requests by widow in 1638.
1607] STATES OF WAR 71
Pay on Holland
Col. Brogh * . . £400
Lt Col. of the Scots . . . . 100
Pensions and Endowments
The children of Cap. John Nysbeth, deceased ,
yearly 200 per month . £16 13 4
Widow John Balfour, „ 100 „ . 434
Wardens and Quarter Masters
Thos. Ewyn, St major Reg* Brog . . . 80 0 0
Robert Maesterton, qr mr of the Scots, above 14£ when in
the field 50 0 0
Officers of Justice
Wm. Carcadin, Provost marshal Reg* Brogh . . 50 0 0
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, minister of the Scots . . . 30 0 0
Extraordinary Pay when with the Army
N.B. The following items are only to be charged during
the operations in the field, offensive or defensive :
Robert Maesterton, qr mr of the Reg* of Col. Brogh, in addi-
tion to his ordinary pay 14£ per month
for six months . . . . -,. . £84 0 0
Zeeland Foot
Walter Bruce . . . 150 men . . £2014
Arthur Forbes1 . . .150 . Y 1925
Geo. Homes2 . . . .150 . . 1925
Utrecht Foot
Jan Hamelton . . . .150 men . . £1925
Utrecht, undivided
Gordon3 £1394 1 ll
1 Arthur Forbes succeeded James Cheyne on January I4th, 1605. Made a
representation as to his debts from Breda in 1609. Sergeant-major of Brog's
regiment, 1610; company at Tiel in 1611. An Arthur Forbes, a younger son
of William Forbes of Corse, followed the profession of arms, and was ancestor of
the Earls of Granard in Ireland.
2 George Home succeeded Ralph Selby on July 23rd, 1605. Was dead by
May 2nd, 1623, when he was succeeded by James Murray.
3 John Gordon was commissioned as captain of a new company on 1 5th April
1605 (see note on Captain Gordon of Stuart's regiment, 1585, p. 49). In 1609
his company was reported on, and its dismissal recommended. In 1614 he re-
quested a lieutenant -colonelcy or sergeant-majorship, and in 1618 the advice of
the Council of State was requested in reference to his dismissed company. In
1618 Sergeant-Major Gordon of Brog's regiment was absent.
72 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1607
Brounfelt1 . ;vv . . £1394 1 11 J
Setton2 . . . . . . . . „
Groningen Foot
Norman Bruce . . . 150 men . . £2014
Pay on Groningen and Ommelanden
Col. Bachlouch in his high offices .... £1580
Pension paye at the Office of the Receiver-General
Guilliam Murray . . . . .. . . £400
The widow of Capn Blair . . . . . 400
Ditto . . . . . 100
Niclaes and Margretha Egger . .. . . . 125
The widow of Capn Arthur Stuart .... 75
„ „ Nysbeth . . ... .400
,, „ Jan Kirckpatrick .... 50
,, „ Strachan . . . . 200
1608
Guelderland, Bueren and Culemburch Foot
Andro Donalson 3 . . . , 91 men , . £1290
Holland Foot
Col. Brogh . . . 168 men . . £2244 0 0
Oliver Wodney 4 91 . 1290 0 0
Caddel . . 89 . . 1271 0 0
Mackinge . . .140 . . 1828 10 0
Allane Coutis ... 107 . 1410 10 0
Henry Balfour . . 96 . . 1324 0 0
Thos. Arskyn . . .129 . . 1692 0 0
H. Levingsten . . .113 . . 1572 0 0
Archibald Arskyn . ;!J ... 92 . . 129910 0
Col. Bucklouch . . 200 . . 2612 0 0
Robert Henderson . .124 . 1702 0 0
Francois Henderson . . 136 . . 1853 0 0
Robert Schot . . .121 . . 1599 0 0
Wm. Douglas . . .146 . ; • 1887 0 0
1 Steven Brownfield, commissioned nth March 1606 (new company).
2 J. Seton, commissioned i7th May 1606. Protest by in 1618. Succeeded
by Andrew Caddell, June I3th, 1623.
3 Andrew Donaldson took oath on October 9th, 1604. Recommended by
Colonel Brog for sergeant-majorship 1618; dead by March ryth, 1627, when
succeeded by James Balfour. Request by widow, Mary Davidson, June l6th,
1627.
4 Oliver Udny took oath on 1 6th May 1607 as captain of the company pre-
viously commanded by Colonel Brog. Succeeded by Ramsay October 23rd, 1610.
Probably a member of the ancient family of Udny of Udny in Aberdeenshire.
i6o8]
STATES OF WAR
Wm. Balfour .
113 men
. £1473 0 0
Wm. Hutson .
74
1098 0 0
George Botwell . -
J. Racket
97
73
1348 0 0
1081 0 0
Mongo Hamilton
Davidt Balfour
93
.. 149
1305 0 0
1915 0 0
Pay
Col. Brogh .
Pensions and Endowments on Holland.
The children of Capu Johan nysbeth, 200£ yearly
per current m.,
The widow of Capn Johan Balfour, deceased, 50£ ,, ,,
ditto ditto Jacob Michiels, deceased, 40£ „ ,,
Pieter Michiels, yearly 50£ „ „
£400
Wardens and Quartermasters
Thos. Ewing, st major of the Regt of Col. Brogh,
Robt maesterton, qr mr of the Scots, 40 when in the
field, . ...
Officers of Justice
William Carcadie, Provost Marshal of Regt col. Brogh, .
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, minister of the Scots,
Utrecht Foot, Undivided
£ s. d.
16 8 4
434
368
434
80 0 0
50 0 0
50 0 0
30 0 0
J. Hamilton \
John Gordon J
remain unpaid {^men '
£1338
1208
Brounfeilt .
, . 101
1372
Sitton
91
1290
Zeeland Foot} Undivided
Walter Bruce
96
1377
Arthur Forbes
. 140
1828 10
Geo. Homes
. 126
1645
Moubry l
.85
1229 10
Overyssel Pay
Col. Backlouch
in his high offices . k
7ftft / has not
780\been paid.
Groningen Foot
Norman Bruce
115 .
,1525
1 Philip Mowbray took oath on January 2nd, 1607. Dead by February 23rd,
1626, when succeeded by William Brogh.
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1609
Col. Bucklouch
Col. Brogh
Robbert Henderson 100 men £1417
Francois Henderson
Caddel
Oliver Wodney .
Mackinge
Allane Coutes
Henry Balfour
Thos. Arskyn
H. Levingston
1609
Footsoldiers paid by Holland
200 men .
150
R. Schot
70 1059 Win. Douglas
Wm. Balfour
Wm. Hutson
George Bodwell
Jan Halket .
Mongo Hamilton
David Balfour
Pay
£2612
2014
. 70 men £1059
£400
80
50
50
Col. Brog, for his prison ....
Thos. Ewing, S* major of the Regt of Brogh
Robert Mesterton, qr mr Col. Brogh . , . ^
William Cacader, Provost M. of Brogh .
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, minister of the Scots, . . 33 6 8
Pensions
The children of Capn Jan Nysbeth, 200£ yearly . 16 8 4
Widow „ Jan Balfour, 50£ „ . . 434
Pensions for settlement of accounts and previous services
The children of Capn Waddel — Archibald, Jan, and
Willem, each 200£ . . . . £600 0 0
Lady Margaret Stuard, widow of Agt Dammari . . 450 0 0
Maria Rig, widow of Cap11 Melvil, on the life of Jacq.
David, Janneken, Tanneken and Hester, each 80£ 400 0 0
Guillame Murry of Pickerles, on the life of Jan, Rigmet,
Elisabeth and Margarieta, his children, each for
one fourth ...... 400 0 0
Elisabeth Creichton, widow of Capn Dallachy, the half
on her, the other half on Jan and Catharina
Dallachy, each the half of 100£ . . . 400 0 0
Elisabeth Forbes, widow of Cap11 Willem van Nysbeth,
the one half, and the other half on Wm Arthur and
Margareta Nysbeth, each one 4th . . . 400 0 0
Mistress Anna van Duivenvoorde, widow of Col.
Cuningam, on the lives of Mistresses Margriet van
Duivenvoorde and Elisabeth van Cunigam, each
one half . . . . . 300 0 0
The children of Capn Prop, Jan and Janneken Prop,
each one half . . . .^ . . 200 0 0
Mistress Anna Kirpatrick, widow of Cap. Strachan . 200 0 0
1609] STATES OF WAR 75
The children of Capn James Egger, named Niclaes and
Margarieta, each one half .... £125 0 0
Guilliame Suderman, capu .... 100 0 0
The widow of the former Lt Penbrouck . . . 100 0 0
Mistress Suana Splitkoff, widow of Cap11 Kilpatrick, the
one half on her life and the other half on the lifes
of her children — Jan, Maria, and Helena Kilpatrick 50 0 0
JoostBlaire . . . . . . 50 0 0
Pay on Zeelandt
Col. Backlouch, 500£ ; Robert Henderson, Lt Col.,
100£ ; Forbes St major, 80£ ; Blaire, qr mr, 36£ ;
Michiel Henderson, Provost Marshal, 50£— together 766 0 0
Col. Balfour yearly, 1000£ . . . . 83 6 3
INVESTIGATION as to the difference between the state of war 1609 and the
state of war 1610, consisting in a balancing of accounts which have
been deducted from each province or altogether left out with posts
that have been increased or newly added, all per current month.
£ *. d.
Guelderland has been raised on Pay, monthly, for Mistress
Anna van Leeuwen, widow of Capu Arthur Stuart . 650
Pensions
Laurens Dallachy has been left out, with a monthly profit of 18 0 0
Pensions for settlement of accounts and previous services
On Holland, Bartels Balfour .... 1000 0 0
On Utrecht, the widow of James Blair . . . 400 0 0
Andries Penton . . . 150 0 0
„ Guelderland, the widow of Cap11 Arthur Stuart . 75 0 0
And on the other hand Zeelandt has been raised on Pay, for
Col. Backlough in his high offices, monthly . . 756 0 0
Col. Balfour . . . . . 83 6 8
Guelderland Foot
Dona-ldson . . 70 men . . 1059 0 0
Zeeland Foot
Arthur Forbes . 90 : 1297 0 0
Walter Bruce . 70 ; . 1059 0 0
Geo. Homes . . „ .» ' .' „
Moubrey ...... . ;
Utrecht Foot
J.Hamilton . ' .. • 70 men ... . 1059 0 0
Brounfield . . ,, » ' ':. „
Sitton . . „ . . „
Groningen Foot
Norman Bruce 70 men 1059 0 0
76 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1581
III
COMMISSIONS GRANTED BY THE COUNCIL AT
THE EAST SIDE OF THE MEUSE, THE
GOVERNOR-GENERAL THE EARL OF LEICES-
TER, AND THE COUNCIL OF STATE.
COMMISSIONS GRANTED BY THE MAGISTRACY AND LAND-COUNCIL
AT THE EAST SIDE OF THE MEUSE *
Commission of William Nisbet 2 as Captain.
THE Magistracy and Provincial Council on this side of the
Maas make known to all and sundry who shall see or have
read to them these presents. Since by the decease of John
Nisbet, late captain of a company of soldiers in the regiment
of Colonel Diedrich Sonoy, the captaincy of said company
has fallen vacant. And it being considered necessary to
supply said company, in order that it may not lapse, with
another captain, therefore, owing to the good report made
to us regarding the person of William Nisbet, lieutenant of
the same company, and being informed of the many good
services performed by him in the course of several years in the
common cause, and trusting in his loyalty and experience, we
have commissioned and appointed, and do hereby commission
and appoint him to be captain over the said company, there-
over as captain to order and command, to maintain good
order and discipline of war. And on all expeditions and
watches, at all times and places, to hold himself in readiness
with his company at the orders of his colonel or his lieu-
tenant. And farther to be guided in everything by the
1 Extracted from the ' Commissie boek van de Overheid en den Landraad
aan de Oostzyde der Maas, beginnende met den 5 Augfc 1581 tot 8 Septr 1584.'
2 See State of War, 1586.
1 58 1] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 77
regulations made or to be made for the conduct of the war,
and that he may acquit himself therein well and loyally he
shall hold himself bound to take the proper oath before us
or those commissioned by us, it being understood that this is
to be registered in the Record Office. Therefore we summon
and request, and that officially, all commanders, colonels,
captains, commissioned officers, soldiers, and all whom it may
concern, to respect and acknowledge the said William Nisbet
as captain ; also we command the soldiers of said company to
obey and submit to the said captain. And in all marches
and watches at all times and places, whether against the
enemy or otherwise, to allow themselves to be employed as he
may order, that therein the Land may be served and our
earnest purposes carried out.
Given in Leeuwaarden under our seal the xvii October 1581.
On the xviii October 1581 William Nisbet took the oath
mentioned in the foregoing Commission before the Council
Commission of John Cunningham 1 as Assistant to Count
William.
The Magistracy and Provincial Council on this side the
Maas hereby make known that the noble Count William
Lewis of Nassau, because at the battle of Noorthoeren his
colonels, lieutenant, and captains were shot and some taken
prisoners, is in urgent need of some one of rank and ex-
perienced in affairs of war who shall be commissioned to assist
the said count in counsel and action in all that touches the
preservation of the town of Dokkum and our resistance to
the enemy. Therefore we, being well informed regarding the
person of John Cunningham, Captain of Artillery ; and trusting
to the ability and experience which the said Cunningham has
recently had in the affairs of the war, have authorized and
commissioned, and do hereby authorize and commission him,
to assist with counsel and in act the noble count aforesaid, in
the oversight, superintendence, and guardianship of the said
city of Dockum, also in the absence of the said count to take
1 See pension list appended to State of War, 1595.
78 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1581
command of the garrison, and to take oversight in like manner
for the conservation of the said city. And further to hold
and conduct himself as a good counsellor, assistant, and, in
the absence of the said count, as a good superintendent and
head of the foresaid garrison, in such manner as hereinbefore
he is held bound and ought to do and such as also the con-
servation and warding of the said town and the service of
the land shall require, requesting, and officially ordaining, the
magistracy of the said town of Dockum. the captains, officers,
cavalry and soldiers at present lying there in garrison, or
those who shall yet be placed there, to acknowledge, obey,
and submit to the said Cunningham, as attached by us in the
quality of good counsellor and assistant to the said Count
William Lewis of Nassau, etc., and in the absence of the
said count, as superintendent and head of the garrison;
and in case of need render him all assistance, that therein
the service of the Land and our earnest purposes may be
carried out.
Given within the City of Leeuwaarden under our Seal, the
7 October 1581.
Commission of John Cunningham for the relief of NaijesijL
This Magistracy, etc. Since we, in order to provide those
devout captains, soldiers, at present beset and besieged by
the enemy in the village of Naijesijl, with all such necessaries
against the violence of the enemy, and for the preservation of
the said post, as may be found of assistance, have thought
good to commission an expert conversant with military affairs
and with all that might be required in such a case and in
similar ones. Therefore, being well informed respecting the
person of John Cunningham, Captain of Artillery, and trust-
ing to his ability and experience — with advice of General
the Lord [den Heere] Norris, and of the Lieutenant Stadholder
of Friesland, have authorized and commissioned, as we do hereby
authorize and commission him, to communicate with those
acquainted with the situation of the said redoubt and the
country round it, as to succour or relief; and to bring all such
means to bear as may suggest themselves for effecting said
1581] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 79
relief, and that in the surest possible manner. For which
purpose the said Cunningham is empowered to employ some
officers and soldiers of the ensigns of the said Lord Lieutenant
Stadholder at present lying in Dockum, if necessary other
troops also, together with all such light vessels, ships, and
other necessaries he may require for the purpose, and can
obtain at Dockum or elsewhere. And should the said
Cunningham make any promise to the extent of one hundred
Gulden or two, three, or four hundred, according as occa-
sion may require, in the employment of persons to this
end, his said promises shall be made good and the said
Cunningham shall be indemnified and held free from
liability. We do summon and also officially command the
soldiers of the said two ensigns, also all such other soldiers
that the said Cunningham may require for this exploit and
everything connected with it, to allow themselves to be
employed at the command and order of the said Cunningham,
in the matter already stated for the service of the Land :
ordaining also that the Magistrates of Dockum, and all others
whom these projects in any way concern, give all possible
help and assistance to the aforesaid Cunningham towards the
accomplishment of this service, thereby contributing signally
to the service of the Land and to the carrying out of our
earnest wishes.
Given within the City of Leuwerden under our Seal, the
viii. October 1581.
COMMISSIONS GRANTED BY THE EARL OF LEICESTER.1
Commission pour le Capitaine Jehan Balford.2 (John Balfour.)
Robert, Conte de Leycester, etc. a tous ceulx etc. Comme
avons entendu des bonnes et longues services faictes en cestes
provinces tant au feu de tres heureuse memoire nostre tresscher
et bon cousyn le Prince d'Oranges comme aussy aux Estatz
gnaulx durans les precedentes guerres par le Capn Jehan Bal-
1 Extracted from the ' Commissieboek van den Gouverneur Graaf van Ley-
cester, begin-nende met den 5 March 1586^—18 February 1588.'
2 See State of War 1586, p. 50, note 6.
80 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1581
ford, gentilhomme Escochois, ensemble le desir qull a d'estre
accepte en nfe service a telle charge que nous plairait Temploier,
scavoir faisons que pour la bonne congnoissance qu'avons de la
personne du diet Balford et de sa vaillantesse et dexterite au
faict de la guerre, Nous confians a plain de sa fidelite et expe-
rience, Avons Icelluy constitue, ordonne et commis, constituons,
ordonnons et commettons par ceste a la charge de capitaine
d'une compaignie de cent chevaulx a schavoir cinquante lanciers
et cinquante harquebousiers desia dresses ou encores a dresser
la ou il trouvera le mieulx convenir en luy donnant pleyn
pouvoir, authorite et mandement especial de les lever
(Tung lieutenant, cornette et aultres officiers en oultre de com-
mander a icelle compaignie et la conduire et emploier contre
les Espaignols, Malcontens, leurs adheriens et aultres nous
ennemis, soit en campaigne ou es villes et places fortes que de
par nous luy sera commande, prennant soigneux regard que
par ceulx de sa dicte compaignie ne soit faict aulcun tort ou
foulle aux bourgeois et inhabitans. Dlcelles, ains qu'entre
eulx soit tenu tout bon ordre et discipline militaire. Suivant
les ordonnances sur ce faictes ou encores a faire et au surplus
faire toutes et singulieres offices qu'un bon et fidel capitaine de
cavaillerie est tenu de faire aux gages et traictemens a ce
ordonnes, sur quoy et de son bien et fidelement acquite en
ceste sa charge et commission ledict capitaine Balford sera
tenu prester le serment de fidelite en nous [sic] mains. Si
donnons un mandement aux Lieutenant officiers et soldatz de
la dicte compaignie de tenir et respecter le diet Balford pour
leur Capitaine et Tobeir comme pour Pacquit de leur devoir il
convient. Requirons en oultre a tous chefz Colonnelz, Magis-
tratz et aultres qu'il appartiendra de faire au diet Capitaine
Balford a Texecution de ceste commission toute faveur, adresse
et assistance requises et sur ee sera tenu le diet Capitaine de
monstrer ceste au [sic] chambre de la Tresorie pour en estre
registre et verifie. Car ainsy pour le service du pays Tavons
trouve convenir. Donne a la Haye le 27 de Mars 1586, et
estoit soubzsigne R. Leycester et chachete en chire rouge du
cachet de son Exce sur le dos estoit ce jour d'huy le xxixe de
Mars 1586 a Jehan Balfort faict le serment de fidelite es mains
de messrrs du Conseil d'estat de soy bien et deuement acquiter
1586] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 81
comme Capne (Tune Compaignie de chevaulx, suyvant le con-
tenu de ceste commission. Actum ut supra a Utrecht, signe
T. Langhe et sur le dos estoit aussy Les Deputez hors du
Conseil d'Estat pour la chambre de la tresorie le d* son Exce
consentant autant qu'en eulx est que le contenu au blancq de
ceste soit faict et accompli en la forme que sa dicte Exce com-
mande et entend estre faict par Icelle faict ut supra et estoit
soubzsigne G. Zuylens.
Mars 1586. Commission pour le Capitaine Alexandre Witchart.
Ecossois d'une compaignie de cent chevaulx harequebouseiers.
Robert, Conte de Leycester, Baron de Denbigh, etc. Lieu-
tenant de Sa Majeste d'Angleterre, Gouverneur et Capitaine
General des Provinces Unies des Pays-Bas, a tous ceux qui ces
presentes verront Saluyt.
Comme le Capitaine Alexandre Witchard, Escossoys aiant
cydevant servi quelque bon espace en ces pays tant du temps
de feu notre tres cher et bien ayme Cousin le Prince d'Orange
H. M. Comme depuis avecque charge et jusques ores continue
en toute fidelite, soing et debvoir mesmement a la derniere
entreprinse sur la dyke de Cawesten et qu'il nous ait remonstre
le bon desir qu'il en a decontinuer et faire le mesme a Fadvenir,
Scavoir faisons que pour la bonne cognoissance qu'avons du
d. Capitaine Witschardt et de sa vaillantsie et preudhomie au
faict de la guerre, Nous confians a plain de la fidelite et experi-
ence, avons Icelluy establi, ordonne et commis, establissons,
ordonnons et commettons par ceste a la charge de Capitaine
d'une compaignie de cent chevaulx harequebousiers, desia
dressee ou encores a dresser, la ou il trouvera le mieulx con-
venir, en luy donnans plain pouvoir, authorite et mandement
especial, de la pourveoir d'un Lieutenant cornette et aultres
officiers, en oultre de Commander a Icelle compaignie et la
conduire et emploier centre les Espaignols, malcontents, leurs
adherens et aultres nos ennemis, soit en campaigne ou es villes
et places fortes que de par nous luy sera commande, prennant
soigneux regard que par ceulx de sa dicte Compie ne soit faict
aulcun tort ou foule aux Bourgeois et habitans d'icelle, ains
qu'entre eulx soit tenu tout bon ordre et discipline militaire,
suivant les ordonnances sur ce faictes ou encores a faire, et au
F
82 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
surplus faire toutes et singulieres les choses qu\m bon et fidele
Capne de Cavaillerie est tenu de faire.
COMMISSIONS GRANTED BY THE COUNCIL OF STATED
Commission of William Waddel? as Captain of a Company of
Infantry, 130 strong.
The States-General of the United Netherlands, to all who
shall see or have read to them these our open letters of com-
mission, greeting ! ... Be it known, that we consider it
necessary for the service of the said United Netherlands to
keep certain Companies of the Scottish nation in the service of
the said Lands. By reason of the good report made to us of
the person of William Waddel, and of his affection for the
service of these Lands, of his ability, piety, and experience in
the business of the war, and trusting completely to his good
character, loyalty, and diligence, we have, at a meeting of the
Council of State of the said Lands, retained and continued
him, William Waddel, and, so far as may be necessary, have
anew commissioned, and do, by these presents, retain, continue,
and commission him to the charge of a company of Scottish
infantry, one hundred and thirty strong, included under the
regiment of Colonel Bartho. Balfour, the company to include,
besides his person and boy, a lieutenant and ensign, each with
his boy, two sergeants, three corporals, two drummers, one
quartermaster, one surgeon, 19 musqueteers, 36 pikemen,
9 halberdiers, three bucklermen,3 and 48 arquebusiers, giving
him full power, authority, and special charge, to take com-
mand of the said company, to lead and employ them against
the Spaniards, malcontents, and their adherents, and all other
enemies of the United Netherlands, whether afield or in
garrison, for the safeguarding of any towns or fortresses, also,
should need be, on board ships of war therein, and when it
shall be ordered and commanded by us, and by those having
commissions from us in the service of the Lands, or by the
said colonel. He as captain keeping his soldiers in good
1 From the Commission Book, 1588-1591.
2 See State of War, 1586, p. 49, note 3. 3 Rondasseurs.
1588] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 83
order, watch, and discipline of war by day and by night : not
suffering them to burden or do any injury to the citizens and
inhabitants of the places where they shall be garrisoned ; and
further to do everything that a devoted and loyal captain is
bound to do, in accordance with the ordonnance and regula-
tions made, or to be made, for the conduct of the war ; and
this on the payment for the whole company, as above stated
130 strong, of the sum of 1500 pounds of 40 Flemish grotten1
every 32 days. In particular, he is to content himself from
this date with payments at the end of every 48 days. With
which he the captain, his subordinate officers and soldiers
must, like others in the service of the Land, content themselves,
serve us and the said Lands loyally without any contention,
and allow themselves to be mustered at every journey, or at
any time when told to do so.
And that he may in all these respects acquit himself well
and loyally, he, William Wad del, captain, holds himself
bound to take the proper oath before us, or before the members
of said Council of State : and he shall cause this his com-
mission to be registered, as well by the said Council of State,
as by the commissioned Councils of the States of Holland, on
whose repartition he shall forthwith be paid. Hereupon, there
shall also be granted him thereto an Attache from their Lord-
ships the Governor and the commissioned Council of the States
of Holland. Which done ; we charge and command the lieu-
tenants, commanding officers, cadets, and common soldiers of
the same company, and also all others whom it may concern,
to acknowledge him, William Waddel, for our captain, obey
and submit to him, also in case of need, to give him all assist-
ance and direction — and all this till further orders. For we
have found this essential to the service of the Lands.
Given at the Hague, the 20 June 1588.2
1 See note, p. 85.
2 Mutatis mutandis, similar commissions .were issued on 26th June 1 588 to
Wm. Murray and John Dallachy, and on 27th June to John Prop, David Cant,
Wm. Hay, and David Trail.
84 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
Commission in favour of Earth. Balfour lfor his ' compagnie
colonelle'' o/*200 men.
The States- General of the United Netherlands, unto all who
shall see or shall have read to them these open letters of
Commission, Greeting.
Be it known that we, considering it needful for the service
of the said United Netherlands to keep some companies of
the Scottish nation in the service of the said Lands, and being
well informed regarding the person of the respected and noble
Barth. Balfour, colonel ; and of his affection for the service
of these Lands, his ability, good character, and experience in
the business of the war, and being thoroughly assured of his
devotion, trustworthiness, and loyalty, have by a resolution
of the Council of State of the said Lands, retained, continued,
and in so far as is necessary, -appointed anew Barth. Balfour,
colonel ; and we hereby do by these presents retain, continue,
and appoint him to the charge of captain of his compagnie
colonelle of two hundred Scottish infantry, which shall include,
besides his person and boy, a lieutenant and ensign each
with his boy, two sergeants, two drummers, one piper, three
corporals, one quartermaster, a surgeon, 27 musketeers, 73
harquebusiers, 63 pikemen, 18 halberdiers, and three buckler
men ; 2 giving him full power, authority, and general command
over said compagnie colonelle, to order, lead, and use them
against the Spaniards, the malcontents, and their adherents,
and all other enemies of these United Netherlands, whether
afield, or in garrison for the protection of any towns or
fortresses ; also, in case of need, on board ships of war,.
wheresoever he shall be ordered and commanded to such
duties in the service of the country by us, and by those
commissioned by us; always keeping his soldiers in good
order, guard, and discipline of war, both by day and night,.
not permitting them to burden or in any way to injure the
citizens or inhabitants of the towns and places where they
may be garrisoned. And further, to do everything that a
1 See State of War, 1586, p. 48.
2 Rondasseurs, from rondas—^. round shield.
1588] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 85
good and faithful captain ought and is in duty bound to do,
in pursuance of orders and written regulations already made,
or that may be made, as to the conduct of the war. And
this at a pay for the whole company of the above strength of
200 men of the sum of 2200 pounds, of 40 groats l the poundj
every 32 days, with the reservation that henceforward he
shall content himself with these payments every 48 days.
With this he and his subordinate officers and his soldiers, like
others in the country's service, must content themselves. And
on this stipulation loyally serve us, and the Lands aforesaid,
without complaint, and at each journey allow themselves,
when called upon, to pass muster. And in order that he
may acquit himself in all these well and faithfully, he, Barth.
Balfour, acknowledged as Captain, is bound to take the proper
oath at our hands, or those of the Council of State aforesaid,
and to cause register this his commission both by the said
Council of State and by the commissioned Councils of the
States of Holland, upon whose repartition2 he shall forthwith be
paid. In addition also there will be granted to him the attache
(or confirmation) of the Lord Governor, and of the commis-
sioned Councils of the States of Holland. Which being done,
we charge and command the lieutenant, commanding officers,
cadets, and common soldiers of the said company, and all
others whom it may concern, to acknowledge him, Barth.
Balfour, as our captain, submit to and obey him ; also when
necessary to render him all help and direction ; and all this
till our further orders; for we have found this essential in
the service of the Land.
Given at the Hague, the 26 June 1588.
(Initialed) J. VALCKE V*.
Docqueted (below) : —
By order of my Lords, the States-General of the United
Netherlands, relative to the report of the Council of State in
respect of this commission. (Signed) Cnr HUYGENS.
1 Old Flemish pound equal to n shillings sterling : 40 grotten=is. iod., or
one guilder : groot = ^d.: pound = ios.
2 Repartitie = division into smaller parts.
86 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
And sealed with a hanging-out seal in red wax on doubled
string. Indorsed (on back) : —
This fifth day of July 1588, Bartolt. Balfour took the
pfoper oath before the Council of State as captain of a com-
pany according to the commission on the other side of this.
Cnr HUYGENS.
Original Dutch of the preceding.
Commissie voor Bartolt Balfour voor sijne compagnie collonnelle van
IP hoofden.
Die Staten Generael der Vereeniehde Nederlanden alien den ghenen
die dese opene brieven van commissie sullen sien oft hooren lesen, Saluyt.
Doen te weeten dat wij noodich achtende tot dienste van de selve
Vereeniehde Nederlanden eenighe Compaignien van de Schotze natie in
dienste der voorz landen te houden, om de goede kennisse die wij hebben
van den persoon des edelen erentfesten Bartolt Balfour collonnel ende
van sijne affectie tot deser landen dienst, cloecheyt, vromicheijt ende
experiente in't stuck van der oirloge. Ons gantschelick betrouwende
zijnder vromicheyt, getrouwicheyt ende neersticheyt, hebben bij deliberatie
van den Rade van State derselver landen hem Bartolt Balfour, collonnel
onthouden, gecontinueert ende voor 200 veel des noot zijnde op nijes
gecommitteert, onthouden, continueren ende committeren bij desen tot
den last van Capiteyn van zijne compaignie collonnelle van twee hondert
Schotze voetknechten, daeronder sullen wesen neffens sijnen persoon
ende jongen, eenen Lieutenant ende Vendrich, elcx met heurl jongen,
twee Sergeanten, twee trommelslagers, een pijper, drie corporalen, een
forier, een chirurgijn, sevenentwintich musketters, drie ende tzeventich
harquebousurs, drie ende tsestich spiessen, achtien hellebaerden ende
drie rondassuers, hem gevende vol comen macht, auctoriteijt ende
generael bevel over deselve compaignie collonnelle te gebyeden, die te
geleijden ende te gebruye-ken gegens den Spangaerden, malcontenten
ende heuren aenhangeren ende alien anderen vianden deser Vereeniehde
Nederlanden 't zij te velde ofte in garnisoen tot bewaringe van eenige
steden ende stercten, oock op de schepen van oirloge des noot sijnde,
daer ende soe hem sulcx bij ons ende bij den ghenen van ons last
hebbende tot der landen dienst sal worden geordonneert ende bevolen,
houdende sijne soldaten in goede ordre, wacht ende crijchs discipline soe
bij daghe als bij nachte, sonder te gedoogen dat sij den burgeren ofte
ingesetenen van de steden ende plaetzen, daer zij zullen garnizoen
houden, eenigen last ofte schade aen doen. Ende voorts alles te doen
dat een goet ende getrouwe Capiteyn schuldich is ende behoort te doen,
achtervolgende d'ordonnancien ende artyckelbrief op 't beleyt van der
oorloge gemaect, ofte alsnoch te maken. Ende dit op de gagie voor
de geheele compaignie als boven, sterck sijnde twee hondert hoofden, te
summe van twee ende twintich hundert ponden van veertich grooten 't
1588] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 87
pondt alle twee en dertich daghen, behoudelick dat hij hem voortaen sal
contenteren mette betalinge van acht en veertich daghen te acht en
veertich daghen daermede hij sijne onderhoorige bevelhehberen ende
soldaten, hen gelijck anderen in dienst van den lande sijnde, sullen
moeten contentereu ende daerop ons ende de voorz-landen getrouwelick
dyenen sender eenich wederseggen ende hem telcken reijse te monsteren
laten des vermaent zijnde. Ende omme hem in alien desen wel ende
vertrouwelick te quyten, wert hij Bartolt Balfour als Capiteyn gehouden
den behoorl. eedt te doen aen handen van ons ofte die van den Rade
van State voorz, ende dese sijne Commissie te doen registreren, soe wel
bij den voorz. Rade van state als bij de gecommitteerde Raden van de
Staten van Hollandt, op wijens repartitie hij voortaen betaelt sal wordeji,
daertoe hem oock attache van den Heere Gouverneur ende gecommitteerde
Raden van de Staten van Holland sal worden verleent 't Welck gedaen
weesende lasten ende ordonneren wij den Luetenant, Bevelhebberen,
Adelborsten ende gemeene soldaten van deselve compaignie ende oock
alien anderen dyen't aengaen mach, hem Bartolt Balfour voor onsen
Capiteyn te erkennen, hem te gehoorsamen ende obedieren. Oock des
noot sijnde alle hulp ende addres te doen, ende dat alles tot onsen
wederseggen, want wij sulex tot dienste van den lande bevonden hebben
te behoiren.
Gegeven in 's Gravenhage den xxvi. Junij xvc acht ende tachtentich.
Geparapheert J. Valcke v*. Op de ply eke stont ges- ter ordonnan van
myn Heeren de Staten Generael der Vereeniehde Nederlanden. Ter
relatie van den Rade van State der selve. Onderth Chr. Huygens.
Ende besegelt met een uythangende Zegel in rooden wassche aen
dubbelde strecke. Opten rugge stondt. Op huyden den vijffden July
xvclxxxviii heeft Bartolt Balfour den behoorlicken eedt gedaen aen die
van den Rade van State als Capn van een Compaignie volgende de
comissie aen d'andere sijde van dese. CHR. HUYGENS.
Commission of William Brog as Sergeant Major over
the Scots.
The States-General of the United Netherlands, etc. Be it
known that we, considering it necessary for the service of the
Land, and the good direction of the affairs of the war, to
appoint a qualified sergeant-major over the Scottish soldiers
and regiment under Colonel Balfour, and other Scottish
captains in the service of the Lands : We have, on account
of the good knowledge we possess, of the person of the doughty
William Brog, as also of his ability and experience in the
conduct of the war, and trusting to his capacity and diligence,
at a meeting of the Council of State of the said United Lands,
88 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
retained, placed, and appointed the same, and we do by these
presents retain, place, and appoint him to the position and
office of sergeant-major, and Watchmaster (Wachtmeester)
over the said Scottish regiment and soldiers, giving him com-
plete power, authority, and particular charge, to enter into the
service, and serve in all faithfulness, whether in towns, fortresses,
or afield; therein to take good heed and to see that marches
and watches be well provided, and faithfully carried out,
according to circumstances, and to this end he must, at the
proper moment, give the word of command, or the watchword
to those who ought to have it, and he may ask it to be
repeated at his pleasure, also he is to make his rounds with
great strictness, or cause them to be made. He is occasionally
to test the corps, the guards, the sentinels, in every place, and
is to take particular care lest through neglect of these measures
any troubles should occur ; also to take good oversight of the
common soldiers and troops, and take care that every one be
provided with such weapons and accoutrements as his place
demands ; and on the detection of fraud by any one, the cap-
tains and other officers whose duty it is to see to it, are to be
earnestly exhorted to take proper action in the matter. Also at
times and on occasions when musters or reviews shall be held on
the part of the Land, he is to render all good assistance to the
commissary [or muster master] or commissaries, and to exert
himself that such may be carried out in the best order, and as may
be best for the service of the Land. And further, in general and
particular, he is to do all that pertains to the maintenance of
good discipline of war and order among the soldiers, and in
other respects to do what a good and loyal sergeant-major, as
aforesaid, is in duty bound and ought to do. And since it
is likely said regiment of Scottish soldiers will not remain
always together with the others in one place, but at times the
companies of it will be employed in various quarters or places
according as the service of the Land may require, he shall be
bound to allow himself willingly to be employed on all other
occasions, and when good opportunity offers in the service of
the Land, when ordered in his quality as sergeant-major; and
in particular to let himself be employed and serve as sergeant-
major-general, when that shall be asked of him in the service
1588] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 89
of the Land ; and that at a salary of 80 pounds, of 40 Flemish
groats per pound a month. And in order to acquit himself
in this his post and office honestly and devoutly he is held
bound to take the proper oath of loyalty, before the Council
of State aforesaid, and to allow his commission to be registered,
as well by the said Council of State, as by the commissioned
Councils of the States of Holland on whose repartition he shall
forthwith be paid. Thereto also a proper attache shall be
granted him by the Lord Governor, and by the commissioned
Council of the States of Holland. The which being done, we
invite and command Colonel Balfour, those under him in his
regiment, together with all other Scottish captains, officers,
and common soldiers being in the service of the Land ; and
further, all others whom these presents in any way concern,
to acknowledge the said William Brog in the quality of
sergeant-major, hold him for such and respect him. Also
in the fulfilment of his duty and commission, if need be, and
he require it to render him unhesitatingly all good help and
assistance ; for we have found this indispensable in the service
of these Lands.
Given at the Hague, the twelfth July 1588, etc.
Commission of Alexander Murray as Captain.
The States-General of the United Netherlands, etc. Since
Captain William Murray has informed us that on account of
certain private affairs, he finds it needful, with our consent,
to leave the service of these Lands to go to Scotland, having
also presented and delivered over the company of infantry,
led and commanded by him for some time past, and up to this
date. We therefore find it necessary to provide the same
company again with a qualified captain. Be it known that
we, owing to the good knowledge we have of the person of
Alexander Murray, and of the good services done by him
during a considerable time for these United Lands, in his
quality of captain of a company of infantry, and having con-
fidence in his ability, experience, and honesty, have, at a
meeting of the Council of State of the said Lands, continued,
etc., in place of the foresaid William Murray, the said Alexander
90 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
Murray in the post of captain of the said company of infantry,
130 men strong, including, besides his own person and boy, a
lieutenant and ensign each with his boy, two sergeants, three
corporals, two drummers, one quartermaster, one surgeon,
fifteen musketeers, 36 pikemen, nine halberdiers, 4 broad-
swordsmen,1 48 arquebusiers, giving him full power, etc.
The payment of the whole company aforesaid, 130 strong, to
be the sum of 1500 pounds, of 40 groats Flemish per pound,
every 32 days, etc.
Given at the Hague, the nineteenth September 1588.2
Commission of William Edmond 3 as Captain of a Company
of sixty mounted Lancers.
The States-General, etc. Seeing we have found it advisable
and necessary for the prosecution of the present war, and to
resist the common enemy, to take some more cavalry into the
service of the Land, be it known, that on account of the good
report received by us regarding the person of the doughty and
honest William Edmond, and relying on his ability and ex-
perience in war, we have, at a meeting of the Council of State
of the said united Lands, appointed and commissioned and do
appoint and commission him, by these presents, as speedily as
possible to raise and take command of a company of sixty
lancers cavalry, giving him complete power, authority, and
a special order to take command thereof as captain, to lead
it and employ it against the Spanish, the malcontents, their
adherents, and all other enemies of the United Netherlands,
whether afield or in garrisons, and for the defence of any
towns or fortresses there and wherever he may be ordained
1 Slagzwaard = two-handed sword, probably the meaning.
2 In 1586, in ' a band ' drawn up by ' the haill name of Murray,' the signatures
appear together of —
' WILLIAM MURRAY of Pitcairles.
ALEXANDER MURRAY of Drumdeway.
In another similar bond of 1598 there appears the signature of —
'ALEXANDER MURRAY of Drumdeway, Colonel.'
See also supra, p. 50, note I, and infra , pp. 153, 166, 170.
3 See State of War, 1595, p. 54, note i.
1589] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 91
and commanded in the service of the Lands by us, or by those
having authority from us ; holding his cavalry in good order,
watch, and discipline of war as well by day as by night, with-
out suffering them to burden excessively or to injure the
citizens or the inhabitants of the towns and country districts ;
further, to do all that a good and faithful captain ought
and is in duty bound to do in accordance with the rules and
letters of instructions on the conduct of the war, already made
or yet to be made. And this for payments such as other
captains and cavalry are in receipt of; provided that he, his
under officers, and cavalry shall rest satisfied with receiving
one month^s pay every 48 days, like others in the service of
the Land ; that he shall serve us and the said Lands faithfully,
without any contention, and always allow his company to be
passed in muster if called upon. And that he shall have no
power outside the United Netherlands to arrest or molest any
of the said Land's inhabitants in their persons or goods on the
account of this or other company for past services ; but must
comfort himself with the thought that he is being treated in
everything like other companies of these Lands in the Land's
service. And that he may acquit himself in all this well and
faithfully, the said Captain Edmond binds himself to take
the proper oath at our hands, or at those of the Council of
State aforesaid, and to cause register his commission, as well
by the same Council of State, as by the appointed Councils of
the States of Holland, upon whose repartition he shall be
paid. Thereto shall also be granted to him the attache of
the Lord Governor, and of the appointed Councils of the
States of Holland, which being accomplished, we charge and
command the lieutenant, officers, and common horsemen to
receive him into their company ; and all others whom it may
concern, to acknowledge the said William Edmond for our
appointed captain, submit to and obey him. Also in case
of need, to lend him all assistance, help, and direction, and
all this till further orders ; for we have found this essential to
the service of the Land.
Given at the Hague, the tenth June 1589, etc.
92 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1593
Commission of Patrick Bruce as Captain of Horse over a
Company of a hundred mounted Lancers.
The States- General of the United Netherlands, etc. Seeing
that Captain Patrick Bruce has offered to recruit a company
of lancers for our and the service of the said United Lands,
his payment to be found in contributions levied in the country
parts of Flanders, which he is to bring under the safeguard
and control of the State-General : and we having found it
desirable to increase the cavalry already serving in defence
of the said Lands, in order the better to withstand the common
enemy : we have accordingly, at a meeting of the Council of
State of the said Lands, accepted the offer of the said Patrick
Bruce and retain the same, etc., for captain over a company
of good lancers of 100 horses ; giving him complete power,
authority, and particular charge to raise the said company
with all diligence, so that within the course of the next three
months it may be ready to be employed in the service of these
Lands, said company he is to take command of and lead, and
is to suffer himself to be employed against the Spaniards, etc.,
and particularly for the execution and ingathering of the fore-
said contributions; that is to say, when and as often as he
shall be requested to do so by the officers appointed over the
same, and in doing so to regulate himself according to the
measure and order given, or that may be given by us. He is
to keep his cavalry in good order, watch, and discipline of
war, etc. ; his payment to be 3000 pounds per month of 32
days, the officers' salaries and horse fodder included therein :
provided he shall take care to procure, according to his agree-
ment, all such payments out of said levies on the country dis-
tricts of Flanders, the which he is to exact with all diligence
and put in train, so that his pay beyond the present incomes
can be escheat (or claimed) out of them ; and he, the captain,
his subordinate officers, and cavalry shall, like others, rest
satisfied with receiving a month's pay every 48 days, it being
understood that these United Lands do not hold themselves
bound in their ordinary payment, nor in the third part of the
remainder due for his services : reserving always an action, (or
law suit) by him against the Lands of Flanders.
Given at the Hague, the 15 April 1593.
1594] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 93
Commission of William Balfour 1 as Captain over Colonel
Balfour 's Company o/150 men.
The States- General of the United Netherlands, etc. Seeing
that Colonel Bartolt Balfour is discharged from the post of
captain over a company of infantry for some years led by
him; and that we deem it necessary to continue the same
company in the service of these Lands, and therefore again to
place another suitable person over them as captain : Be it
known, that owing to the good report made to us regarding
the person of William Balfour, lieutenant of the foresaid
company, and his long continued and faithful services per-
formed to these United Lands, together with his experience
and honourable comportment, wherein we trust he shall per-
severe, we have, at a meeting of the Council of State of the
foresaid United Lands, unanimously accepted the same William
Balfour, etc., for captain of the company above mentioned, in
the place of Colonel Balfour, giving him full authority, etc.,
to command the said company, and reduce it to 150 men, and
it shall include, besides his person and boy, a lieutenant and
ensign each with a boy, two sergeants, two drummers, a piper,
three corporals, a quartermaster or clerk, a surgeon, 30
musketeers,' 39 pikemen with corselets, ten halberdiers, three
buckler-men being noblemen, etc.
Given at the Hague, 19th February 1594.
Commission of Robert Barclay z as Captain of a company of
Scots of 150 men.
The States-General, etc. Having found good, because of
the death of Captain Egger, that another fit and trusty person
should be appointed to take command as head and captain
over the company of Scots infantry, formerly led by the
deceased, be it known that owing to the good report we have
received regarding the person of Robert Bercley, and relying
on this, as also on his ability and military experience, he
having served for some time as lieutenant of the company of
1 See State of War, 1595, p. 54, note 2. 2 Ibid., 1598, p. 57, note 2.
94 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1595
Colonel Murrey : at a consultation of the Council of State of
the same United Lands, have placed and appointed the same
Bercley, etc., as captain over the said company of the late
Captain Egger to the number of 150 men, etc.
The Hague, the 21 November 1597.
Act of' Commission1 for Captain Brogh z as Sergeant- Major
over the said auxiliary.
The States-General of the United Netherlands. To all
those, etc., whereas we, for the service of the King of France
and of these Lands, have found it good and necessary to
appoint a sergeant-major over the two regiments of infantry
ordered to go to France to the relief of the town of Camerijck,3
under the conduct and command of the noble and trusty
Jonker, Justinus van Nassau, Admiral of Zeeland, general of
the said auxiliary, so for the good carrying out of this we
have taken the person of William Brogh, captain of a com-
pany of Scots soldiers and sergeant-major of the Scots
regiment, and believing his ability, valour, and experience to
be certified, vouched, and assured, we have appointed and
commissioned, and do hereby appoint and commission the
foresaid Captain Brogh to be sergeant-major or Wachtmeester
over the foresaid two regiments of infantry, giving him full
power and authority to lead said force during its campaign in
France, to take service of, and exercise the same, and to take
the word of command concerning it from the said general, and
to give it to the officers who shall be on duty in said expedi-
tion, to take the sharpest heed that among the soldiers good
watch, ward, and war discipline shall be maintained, as well
by day as by night. To listen to all complaints, and to report
them to the authority whose business it is to attend to them
that they may be seen to as is fitting ; and further, to do all
that a good and faithful sergeant-major or Wachtmeester
ought, and is in duty bound to do ; on a pay of a hundred pounds
1 From the Commission Book of the States-General. Commissions 1586-
1625.
8 See State of War, 1595, p. 54, note 3. 3 Cambrai.
1595] COMMISSIONS GRANTED 95
of xl. great pieces per month (his ordinary pay of sergeant-
major special over the Scotch regiment therein included) to
commence the first of October next. It is therefore ordained
and commanded to all and sundry whom it may concern that
they are to recognise, respect, and obey the foresaid Captain
Brogh in his foresaid quality on pain of our displeasure
inasmuch as we have found this to be essential to the service
of the Land.
So drawn up, etc., the 27th September 1595.
96 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1586
IV
EXTRACTS RELATING TO THE CLAIMS OF
COLONEL BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR AND
THE POSITION OF THE SCOTTISH OFFICERS.
1586-1594
Council of 1586, Septr. %. — On account of the arrival of 150 soldiers at
state.1 Amsterdam [from Scotland], and of those which are still
expected ; orders about their transport ; also the authorities
of Amsterdam are requested to receive them, and to pay them
per head, a captain 1 florin [ = 1 guilder], a lieutenant 10 patars
[=14 pence], an ensign and sergeant 6 p. each, a cadet, cor-
poral, clerk 6 p. each, and every soldier 3 p. daily.
Novr. 15. — Est ordonne que les capitaines Ecossois seront en
deux colonnels et sous le commandement de Balfour et Palton,
et le traitement party en deux moities, a moities egalement,
et que commissions soyent faits in forma.
1587, January IQth. — On General Norris's proposal, it is
resolved to retain in service the company of Captain Rally ;
and with reference to this it was mentioned that before the
departure of his Excellency [the Earl of Leicester] it was fixed
that thenceforth not more than 2000 Scots would be kept in
service.
Dec. ISth. — At the request of Colonel Balfour and Captain
Patson2 for a resolution about the interests of his regiment
and other Scots regiments, gentlemen are nominated to enter
into negotiations with them thereanent.
Dec. 13^.— Report : It was fixed that Colonel Balfour shall
have in his Regiment the 10 Companies mentioned here, each
1 Generale Index op de Notulen van den Raad van State, 1584-1600, door
A. Bogaers. Deel 3. P— Z.
2 i.e. Aristotle Patton. See pp. 26 and 46.
1588] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 97
containing 150 men, and the Colonel's company containing
200 men. Regarding his pay, it shall be at the rate of 40
guilders per month paid to him for each company. It was
also resolved that Captain Arobel Patson shall be colonel of
the four Scots companies here mentioned, and to send him his
commission ; lastly, to consider as to how many officers shall
be henceforth in each company, and what arms officers as well
as privates shall bear.
Addendum, Dec. QQth. — The salary of colonel was fixed at
400 guilders, of the sergeant-major at 80, and of the provost
at 50.
ACTA CONSILII STATUS PRO VINCI ALIUM CONFOEDERATORUM.
Differences between the States and Colonel Balfour.
1588, Saturday, May 28. — Colonel Balfour was asked to
come in, and was informed that their Honours understood he
and his captains and officers felt themselves aggrieved at being
asked to accept pay at the rate of 32 days for a month (nothing
else, he must recollect, was undertaken during this war, in par-
ticular, too, in respect of the Scots, and so likewise with his
comrades and other regiments brought over for the service of
the land), and it being well known that he was a lover of their
Fatherland, their Honours did not doubt but that he would
be willing to put up with that, and give no occasion that
through him the generally accepted footing be infringed upon.
After various allegations brought forward by the colonel, and
among others that he had persuaded his captains so far that
they had been altogether willing to be reasonable, but that
they had allowed themselves to forget many things, he ulti-
mately undertook to urge his captains to rest contented with
the arrangement.
And it having further been intimated to the colonel that
great complaints had been made by certain people who had
been fetched by his soldiers from Maas and Waall, he answered
in effect that it had been done through a misunderstanding, he
not being aware that those peasants were under Sauvegarde ;
but having ascertained this, he had given orders that satisfac-
98 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
tion should be made to the peasants; and he would take
measures so that such complaints should cease, or would be
himself answerable for them.
1588, Monday, June 13. — Captains Wm. Meurrey, Nysbeth,
and Waddel, having compeared, the resolution of the Lords
States-General and the Council was communicated to them,
with the intimation that they should render their accounts,
and would receive a month's pay, and henceforth they would
be paid each 48th day by the authorities of Holland. Where-
upon they answered that they were willing to go and to serve
the country, but that they must have the means to make their
soldiers willing and to satisfy them. Being asked what means
they desired, they explained that they desired to get some
security about the settling of accounts. Whereupon it was
explained to them at some length that they had no reason
to insist upon that, or to refuse to serve the country on that
account, and they were again charged not to fail to have
their companies ready to march. So then the said captains
left the Council to have a consultation. And thereafter it
was resolved that the foresaid Scottish captains shall be pro-
vided with new commissions in the name of my Lords the
States-General, containing the express stipulation that they
must be satisfied with a pay of 48 days for a month, and
thereupon take a new oath. And should any objection be
made by them to accept this commission, or take the oath,
that they should be given their leave and discharge.
1588, Wednesday, June 15. — The Scottish captains having
yesterday undertaken to declare their opinion to-day as to
whether they should, under the terms of the commission
offered to them yesterday, continue in the service of the
country or not, it is resolved to summon them to appear
before the gentlemen who were also present yesterday, and
ask for their declaration.
June 15. — The Scottish captains being called in, their declara-
tions anent the commissions offered them yesterday were
asked for. Whereupon they answered that they could not
accept any change in their commissions before the arrival of
their Colonel; and it having been represented to them that
such pretexts were oo frivolous, and that the distress of the
1588] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 99
country could not bear any delay, but that the soldiers must
be employed now against the enemy, they were urged there-
fore to give the matter further consideration. And mean-
while it was resolved that, having heard their declaration, the
•captains not agreeing to the terms should receive their dis-
charge at once. The captains, having come in again, declared
that they were willing to serve the Lands, but as they wished
to give some satisfaction to their soldiers, they asked to get
with the accounts some written security, particularly on the
part of Holland, as otherwise they dare not go back to their
soldiers ; and if they could not get such security they would
prefer to be discharged and leave the country, and for that
"they made request for ships and provision. On this the
meeting was adjourned, and it was resolved to come to a
decision in presence of my Lords the States-General in the
.afternoon.
Afternoon. — As, after many consultations, the Scottish
-captains would not accommodate themselves to what is offered
them in polite and reasonable manner, but have, after repeated
discussions, finally declared that they could only remain
longer in service on condition of receiving security for their
accounts, it was necessary at last to declare that the States
would not hinder them, willing or unwilling, from departing,
and gave them their discharge. And in case they should
insist on departing with their companies, it was intimated
that the companies would be disbanded, and every soldier
might then do as he liked. Which they would not accept,
saying that they had paid the companies' way from Scotland
at their own expense, and they desired that a rendezvous
should be granted where all the companies might be brought
together, to depart also together. The captains having left
'[the Council chamber], it was resolved that the disbanding
rshall be proceeded with, that commissioners should be deputed,
who would discharge every company in each town in the
country, and announce to them at the same time that every
•one who might still desire to remain in the service of the
country would be treated, as hitherto, as an honest soldier.
It being not at all advisable to allow them a rendezvous, but
it is considered better to embark the discharged companies
100 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
one after the other, with [a] reasonable [amount of] provisions.
And of this action and the necessary resolutions notification
shall be sent to all the provinces and governors, as also to the
Count of Hohenlohe and Colonel Balfour, with the explanation
that the Council has been forced to do so, and if they would
have accepted any reasonable satisfaction the Council would
have been willing to retain them in the service. And it is
also resolved that those of the Scottish captains shall be
written to that are elsewhere, and in this action have probably
been in sympathy with the other captains, as for instance,.
Nysbeth, Dallachy, Cant, Hay, to inform them of what has
been decided ; but that, as they were not present with, nor
included among the others, they were not to be considered as
discharged, and could therefore continue in their service,,
marching or in garrisons, as ordered.
1588, Friday, June 17. — Colonel Balfour having come inv
begged to be informed of all that had been discussed and
transacted between their Lordships and the captains. And
after he had been asked whether he had received the letter of
the Council, and he declared that he had not, the minute was
then read to him, and all that passed with the Scottish cap-
tains on the previous day was told to him at length, and even-
tually he requested their Lordships to allow him to confer
with the captains, and promised to give as soon as possible a
report of his conference.
1588, Saturday, June 18. — There was also read a certain
remonstrance of Colonel Balfour and his captains, appearing
to indicate that it would not be agreeable to him if the
Scottish companies, lately determined to be discharged, were
to leave the service of the country for want of the necessary
security, but that he would prefer that he should enter into
negotiations with them in order that his own and the others'*
companies should still continue in their service, with reasonable
concessions. Which also the Advocate of Holland, Barneveldt,
being present before the States-General, reported that he had
that day been led to understand by the said Balfour. There-
upon, by the States- General together with the Council, it wasy
after deliberation, resolved that the decision arrived at three
days before shall take effect, but in such a manner that the
1588] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 101
despatches already sent for the discharge of the companies
shall be executed, and that the captains of the companies in
reference to which a despatch was not sent, who, however, were
present in the Council when the entreaty and protest of the
Scottish captains was made three days ago — namely, Waddell
and Traill — may, if they choose, continue in the service as
before, and that the despatch and the effect of discharge shall be
as respects them cancelled. And in regard to the request for
some security for their accounts, this is still to continue in
terms of the act of the States-General by which the settlement
is promised. Whereupon Colonel Balfour, coming in and
being spoken to on the subject, answered that it was a strange
way to deal with the captains who had served so long, the
more as they are content to continue their service on reason-
able conditions ; and when it was said to him that it was a
matter of certainty that by far the greater portion of the
soldiery who were to be discharged would wish very much to
stay in the country, he answered that peradventure they might
be mistaken, as he indeed was sure that not a single one would
remain here. And, besides, he had also been specifically in-
formed that the captains, as to whom the despatches of dis-
charge had been already sent away, were, the two Murrays,
John Balfour, Blair, and Prop.
June 18, afternoon. — The matter of the Scottish captains
and companies was discussed again in the presence of the
Advocate of Holland, Oldenbarnevelt, Colonel Balfour being
present also, who earnestly insisted that these captains and
their companies should be retained in service, representing in
his speech that they had for years long done good service, that,
though they had made their demand indiscreetly, the Council
should be pleased to consider that they were soldiers, and that
the Council ought to put into use its wisdom and discretion
against their indiscretion, to secure that the service of the
country should not be harmed by such a little cause. Finally,
they seemed to incline to the view of the said Advocate, that
those who were designated before should be discharged ; and
no despatch of discharge should be sent regarding the others,
those, namely, like Trail and Waddel; and regarding the
remainder that, in order to preserve authority, they should
102 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
cause them to embark, and so make evident some tokens of
obedience ; but that, thereafter, some resolution may be arrived
at regarding their retention in service.
1588, Thursday, June 23.— The States-General being met,
it was announced that Colonel Balfour, having been present
yesterday, had requested information as to what further
arrangements had been made in the case of the discharged
Scots companies, and that the said colonel had been told that
their Honours could make no alteration in the resolution
taken by the States-General; thereupon he again requested
that further consideration might be given to the matter, and,
should they not see fit to retain the discharged soldiers and
companies any longer, that at least some satisfaction might be
given them ; he recounted also the wearing service rendered by
Captain Blair to these Lands. Which, being taken into delibera-
tion, it was resolved that in order to maintain authority, the
three companies already discharged were to remain discharged,
and orders were promptly issued that ships and victuals be got
ready for those of them who wished to return to Scotland ;
and to give them some satisfaction, an agreement was to be
made with said captains as to their arrears of pay, the furthest
practicable day and terms to be fixed, namely, eight to ten
years. And regarding the other companies which also are
designated for discharge, this not being as yet carried out, it
was for certain considerations resolved that, if by the captains
or colonel in their name a request should be made that they
be continued in the service, they should be retained, provided
that they, captains, by solemn deed, in the first place shall
renounce the combination entered into by them mutually, and
promise, moreover, that they will always, without any refusal
or excuse about their colonel or otherwise, put themselves at
the disposal of the service of the country, where such shall be
ordered by the States-General or by the Council of State.
And that they will content themselves with the pay of a month
each forty-eighth day ; and that they, also, during the time
of their service, will make no pretension to get any security for
their account or terms of pay ; on condition that, if the state
of the country should require the discharge of some of their
companies, that these captains will be treated in the same
manner as the captains who were discharged.
1588] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 103
Afternoon. — The resolution taken this forenoon in the busi-
ness of the Scots was communicated to Colonel Balfour, he
being present, and he insisted and begged much that the
officers of the three dismissed companies should be placed
under the flags of the others, and some support should be
granted them. It was resolved to enrol and distribute under
the other flags the lieutenants, ensigns, and sergeants of the
three discharged companies, and with a view to this their
names are to be given 'up to the Council, and that every
lieutenant is to receive twenty pounds [= guilders], every
ensign eighteen, every sergeant eight pounds, in addition to
the salary of 10 pounds a month.
1588, Friday, the 24 June, afternoon. — Considered and
read the Requests of Captains Blair and Murray, resolved that
the discharge decreed is to take effect, but Blair is to be
retained in the service for a time till some order and arrange-
ment can be made as to his arrears and the payment of them,
not the United Provinces alone being held bound in the large
sum that he fixes as his amount of arrears. And as to Murray,
as he is a nobleman of high rank, and has behaved himself
always with great discretion, without meddling much with the
protest of the Scottish captains, is resolved that he, therefore,
is to be retained on a reasonable monthly pay till opportunity
occurs of employing him again either by permitting him later
on to form a new company out of the disbanded Scottish com-
panies, or by appointing him to a vacant company.
1588. Declaration to be subscribed by the Scottish Captains.
Since, owing to the corruptions that arose among the
soldiery and to other troubles occurring, the State of the
United Netherlands has been weakened and injured, so that it
is necessary to provide against the recurrence of such corrup-
tions and troubles by the best and surest means, therefore,
we, the undersigned colonel and captains, together and
severally, with special regard to the receipt of our accounts in
the service of the said United Netherlands, made up to the
last day of April last, and likewise of our new commissions, of
our own free will and to show the good Christian zeal we have
104 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
to the true Christian religion and the welfare of said lands,
generally and particularly, for which the heavy charges of war
are borne, and for which we have taken up arms, have promised
and do promise in good faith, honourably and devoutly by this
declaration, for ourselves and our soldiers under us, that we
shall honestly and faithfully serve the States of the said lands
after the tenor of our new commissions aforementioned, and
shall be content and satisfied with receiving a full month's
pay at intervals of 48 days, whether in more than one
payment or delivery as may be most convenient to them (but
not counting five or six days which sometimes elapse before
payment, as often happens when provisions and other neces-
saries are delivered which cannot quickly be liquidated) ; and
on these terms maintain good military discipline ourselves and
among our soldiers under us, in accordance with the rules of
war and the oath we took, and that we shall not, because of
the third part of our pay (which in future service is to remain
for us and our soldiers in arrear) or even because of what the
lands owe us for services rendered, refuse any service or permit
or suffer any corruption, but oppose such to the uttermost of
our power. We having entire confidence that the Sovereign
States, according to their Highnesses1 resolution, will settle
accounts with the whole soldiery for their past services, and
take action from this date, and that said reckonings be made
in accordance with the wealth of the Government of the
country, we, as regards times of security and payment, to be
treated and favoured as others who have rendered the like
services: and as regards our future arrears, they are to be
reckoned and satisfaction given as in the case of others. And
to uphold this we have pledged and do pledge each one of us
our respective persons and goods, and in witness signed the
beginning with the year 1588.
[On 24th June 1588, the following officers signed this
declaration : — J. Balfour, John Prop, David Cant, William
Waddel, William Hay, William Murray. The Dutch text is
as follows : — ]
Alsoo den Staet van de Vereenigde Nederlanden duerende d'alteratien
ontstaen onder het volck van oorloghe ende andere voorgevallen
1588] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 105
swaricheyden geswackt ende gecreuckt ; dat nootlick tegens gelycke
alteration ende swaricheyden by de beste ende versekertste middelen
dient voorzien.
Soo hebbeii wy ondegescreven Colonnel ende Capiteynen tsamen ende
elcx byzonder int ontfangen van onse affrekeninghen, van den dienste
der voorsz, vereenichde Nederlanden tot den laetsten April lestleden
toegedaen, mitsgaders van onze nyeuwe commissien wt onse vrye wille,
ende omme te thoonen den goeden Christelicken yver die wy hebben
totte ware christelicke Religie, ende den welstande der voorsz. Landen.
Int generael ende byzonder, daer vooren de beswaerlicke lasten van den
oorloghe gedraghen wordden ende voor de welcke wy de wapenen ge-
bruycken, ter goeder trouwen by eere vromicheyt belooft ende beloven
by dezen voor ons ende onsen onderhebbenden crychsluyden, dat wy
volgende de voorsz, onze nyeuwe commissie den Staten vande voorsz
Landen zullen vromelick en getrouwlick dienen ende ons tevreden
houden ende genoughen, mits van Achtende veertich tot achten veertich
daghen (onbegrepen vyff oft zes daghen dat somwylen de betalinghe
zoude moghen verloopen. In regard dat dickwils vivres ende andere
behouften gelevert wordden, die zoo haest niet en comen wordden geli-
quideert) ontfangende een voile maendt solts tzy van eene oft meer
betaleugen oft leveringhen naedat hen best zal wesen gelegen, ende
daerop mit onse onderhebbende crychsluyden ons in goede dissipline
militaire te houden, ende te achtervolghen de ordonnancien van der
oorloghe ende onsen gedanen eedt, zonder dat wy ter oorsaecken van het
derdeudeel van onze besoldinghe (welcke wy voor ons ende onse onder-
hebbende Crychsluyden voor de toecomende dienste ten achteren blyven
sullen) oft oyck voor tghene de Landen ons van onsen voorgaenden
dienste schuldich zyn, eenighe dienst weygeren, f oft eenighe alteratie
toestaen, oft gedoghen zullen, maer nae onse wterste vermoogen deselve
beletten Ons volcomelick betrouwende dat die Heeren Staten volgende
Haer E. resolutie mit alle het volck van oorloghe tot affrekeninghe van
voorleden dienst voortaen zullen doen procederen ende dat deselve
affrekeninghe gedaen synde nae het vermoge ende den staet van den
Lande, wy zoo inde termynen van betalinghe als versekeringhe zullen
getracteert, ende gefavoriseert wordden, als yemandt anders van gelycke
diensten, ende dat ons van tgene wy voor den toecomenden tyde ten
achteren zullen blyven, als anderen affrekeninghe en contentement zal
wordden gegeven, ende van het onderhoudt van desen hebben wy ver-
bonden en verbinden by desen een yegelick onse respective personen
ende goederen, ende ten oorconde dese geteyckent den
beginnende met den jaare 1588.1
1588, Saturday, Sep. 10. — Resolved : to inform Captain
Muray, by Secretary Huyghens, that he is offered eight
1 Instructie Boek van den Raad van Staaten.
106 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1592
hundred guilders with permission to depart for Scotland as
requested, and to leave his company to Captain Muray, his
brother ; l and if he accepts this, that the States of Holland
shall be communicated with and induced to grant him pay-
ment of this money.2
Sir Bartholomew Balfour and the King's Commission.
Resolutions of 1592, December 14. — Compeared the Conservator of Scot-
land and delivered a certain letter of His Majesty, dated
St. Croix [Holy rood], the 24th Oct. last, in which His Majesty
declares that he makes and appoints Sir Bartholomew Balfour
one of his lords-in-waiting as colonel-general and captain-
in-chief of all His Majesty's companies of foot and horse.
N.B. Extract from the Conservator's Letter of Instruction.
. . . Qu'aucun general ou colonel ne soit recognu sur noz
subiects presentement en service soubz les Estats, excepte
seulement Colonel Balfour.
Qu'il rendra paine et negotiera que les dits Estats prennent
quelque pied pour le soulagement de la pauvrete de nos sub-
jects, illecq en leur service, affin de faire cesser leurs con-
tinuelles doleances.
N.B. Extract from the answer of the States-General
to the Conservator.
. . . Les dits Estats remercient le Roy bien humblement de
ce qu'il Luy a pleu leur permettre, comme ont fait aussy autres
Roys, Princes et Republicques chrestiens, qu'ils se soient serviz
a la soulde de ces pays de leurs subiects, avec lesquels les
Estats ont accoustume de traicter sur le faict de leurs com-
mandemens, commissions, instructions et payemens, tant en
qualite des Colonnels et capitaines que d'aultres, ainsy quails
ont aussy faict avec le Colonel Balfour et feront encore d'icy
1 See Commission, p. 89, notes p. 50.
2 On Sept. 20th, 1596, the States of Holland resolved 'henceforth to pay the
companies every 42 days in the place of every 48 days.'
1592] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 107
en avant de temps a aultre comme sera trouve convenir pour
le plus grand bien et service de ces pays, selon les occasions et
occurences.
1592, December 18. — Colonel Balfour was asked whether he
held any commission from the King of Scotland to assume
here in this Land command of the Scottish companies.
He declared that it would not be his first commission of
that kind, that he has had other commissions and appoint-
ments from His Majesty in Scotland.
Finally, that the Conservator of Scotland had a certain
commission for him from His Majesty, which he had seen, but
not yet received — the authority of the States-General not
being prejudiced.
Whilst here in this Land, he desired no other commission
than that of their Highnesses, with which he would be well
contented; but that the foresaid commission from the king
must be of service to him should he go to Scotland, against
those of his nation whom he had commanded, and the friends
of those who had died, or been executed by him in justice and
otherwise. At the same time, he did not presume to make a
practical use of the same in these Lands, otherwise than only
with the advice of his lords and masters.
After consultation on this, the said Balfour was informed
that their Highnesses the States felt completely assured of the
good judgment of the King of Scotland, and his earnest desire
for the preservation of the government of these Lands, and
the maintenance of the common cause of the same ; also of the
trustworthiness of the said Balfour in the service of the Lands.
And since it behoves the States to see carefully to the main-
tenance of equity in the Land and order in the same, and con-
sidering that in the foresaid commission there were divers
points in conflict therewith, which their Highnesses would not
conceal from him, that they could not permit him to make
use of the same in their Lands, and therefore desired that he
should hand over in writing his ultimate opinion on the sub-
ject, which, having been declared, further injunctions might
be given accordingly.
Dec. 18, post prandium. — Compeared Colonel Balfour, and
exhibited, according to the desire of the States, a certain
108 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1592
memorial in writing, containing his declaration respecting the
Commission sent to him by the King of Scotland.
The foresaid memorial having been read, it was resolved
that the said Colonel Balfour be to-morrow told authorita-
tively that the States are convinced that he cannot serve in
this country (the rights of the same remaining conserved)
except on the Commission of their Highnesses the States-
General ; that he must therefore declare whether he will serve
on the commission of the same and no other, or not ; and that
the agent from Scotland be handed a memorial in writing,
giving the reasons why it can't be thought of, that the said
Colonel should serve in these Lands with such said commission
from the king.
Memorandum of the States to Mr. Denistoun, on account
of Col. Balfour*s commission.
Les Estats generaux des Provinces Unies des Pays Bas,
Aians veu et examine Toriginale commission qu^il a pleu au
Serenissime Roy d'Escosse envoier au Colonnel Balfour par les
mains du Sr Denistoun, Conservateur des privileges de la
nation Escossoise en ces Pays Bas, pour commander aux com-
pagnies Escossoises qui sont en leur service, datee le xxi
Novembre Mil cinq cent quatre vingt et onze, declairent qu*il
ne peult subsister avecq le droit et authorite du pays, que
aucun colonnel ou capitaine qui s'est mis volontairement au
service de ces pays soubz la soulde d'Icelluy, se serviroit aux
pays d'aultre commission que des dits Estats generaux, oultre
ce que en lad. commission se retrouvent plusieurs pointz con-
trarians directement au droict, authorite et louables usages
des ditz pays, comme :
De faire la soulde des soldats, d'autant qull y a un ordre en
cela au pays selon lequel tous les Colonnels et capitaines sont
tenuz se regler.
Letter of Colonel Balfour to the States-General.
MESSEIGXEURS, — Messes Les Estats generaulx des Provinces
Unies des Pays Bas.
Le Colonnel Balfour desirant donner contentement a vos
1592] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 109
Seigneuries sur la proposition que luy a ete faicte par Icelles,
touchant Texecution de la commission qu^il a pleu a sa Mate
d'Escosse, son Prince Souverain, luy envoier.
Declare ne s^en volloir prevaloir au prejudice de I'authorite
de voz Seig168, ny des ordonnances militaires de par decha, mais
seulement pour augmenter son authorite et tenir soubz meil-
leure discipline les troupes commises soubz sa charge.
Et combien que la formalite de la comission soit par quelques
circonstances dissemblables au stille des commissions de par
decha, si est qu'elle n^est aultre que toutes elles que sa Ma*6 a
de coustume depescher en tel faict, affin que son authorite soit
recognue entre ses subiectz, quelque part qu'ils soient.
Parquoy, suivant la bonne preuve que le dit Colonnel a faict
de la fidelite et versance envers vos Seigies et la cause duquoy,
est resolu persister jusques a la fin, vos Sies se peuvant reposer
sur sa prudhommie et le serment preste a Icelles.
Et si par quelques circumstances contenues en la dite com-
mission, voz Sies.
Item, de lever et casser des capitaines et aultres principaux
officiers.
Item, d'ordonner et faire les moustres des compagnies, des-
quels deux pointz la disposition appartient au pays.
Item, de recevoir et payer la soulde des compagnies d'aultant
que Ton n'est accoustume de payer es mains du colonnel que la
soulde de sa propre compagnie, oultre son tractement de
colonnel, et a chacun capitaine la sienne.
Item, de faire et enioindre telle discipline, reglement et loix
qu11 advisera estre requises parceque les loix et ordonnances sur
la discipline militaire se font de temps a aultre de la part des d.
Estats generaux, suivant lesquelles s^administre droit et justice.
Faict a Tassemblee des dits Sieurs Estats Generaux a la
Haye en Hollande ce dix huictiesme jour de Decembre, L*an
mil cincq cens vingt et douze, soubzcr. par ordonnance des ditz
S*8 Estats. (Signe) AERSSEN.
Having consulted about the request presented by Colonel
Balfour, as well for himself as for the captains of his regi-
ment, it was resolved, that he be told in the assembly, that
he has no reasons to complain — in respect that he and the
110 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1592
captains of his regiment receive their pay every 48 days,1
as they had been informed they should. And if they have
not had the best pay in France, on the other hand, in other
quarters and garrisons within these Lands, it has been better.
However the States desiring to deal with the foresaid regiment
in all reasonableness, notwithstanding this, have resolved and
granted the foresaid colonel, for his extraordinary expenses
incurred in the march to France, six hundred guilders, and to
each of his captains three hundred guilders in one payment,
and more than that, are willing to make payment in clothing,
when the petitioners shall desire it, to the extent of one
month's pay for each company, that thereby the soldiers may
be brought up to the mark in accoutrements and order, so as
to be of service to the Land, always with the understanding
that said month's pay shall be deducted from the pay of the
'foresaid Company, during the next six months, a sixth part
thereof every month. Wherewith the above-mentioned colonel
and captains shall have to content themselves. And touching
the remaining points of his request, they will be gone into at
a fitting time.
Request of Colonel Balfour.
Lectum, November 21, 1592. — A Messeigneurs les Estatz
generaulx des Provinces Unies des Pays Bas. Remonstre en
Collection of toute reverence et humilite Colonel Balfour^ tant en son propre
to* the States* nom (lu'ai1 nom ^es Capital nes de son Regiment.
General. Que passe un an ou environ se trouvantz surcharges de
debtes crees pour Fentretement de leurs compagniez, comme
ne pouvant suffire la paye de 48 par mois, Ils presentment
requeste a voz Seigies, tendant au contentement que leur fut
promis au mois d'Apuril 1588 pour le deu de leur service avecq
leurs compagniez, depuis leur sortie d'Anvers, iusques au
premier May 1588, dont ils ont descompte arrestez. Sur
laquelle reqte fut donnee responce de dilay, et depuis survenant
le voyage de France, les dits remonstrants ont tellement aug-
mente leurs debtes, si pour Fequipage qu'entretennement
extraordinaire de leurs compagnies, durant le dit voyage,
1 See note p. 106.
1592] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 111
avecq la recrute qu'il leur a convenu mander d'Escosse pour
le supplement de leur nombre perdu au dit extraordinaire
service, qu'il leur est du tout impossible se depettrer des dites
debtes, ne jouissant que des payes ordinaires, ce qui les a faict
esperer estre fondes en leurs preventions representes en leur
requeste puis n'aguerres a vos Seigies, de laquelle reqte n'est
sorty le fruict espere, mais au contraire un simple renvoy a
Messeig8 les Estatz de Hollande pour leur paye de 48 jours
par mois. En quoy leurs Sies ont consent! d^entrer en liquida-
tion a la charge que tout ce que Ton trouvera par les ditz
remonstrantz avoyr este recu tant en argent, vivres, qu'armes,
excedant la dite paye de 48 jours, qu'il sera deffalque de leur
paye courante. Lesquelles extremitez recherchees centre eux,
seroyt cause de leur totalle ruyne et dissipation de leurs
trouppes. Ce qu'il n'esperent estre les mercedes ou recom-
pensse de leurs tant fidelles et loyaux services. Et comme
a rayson de la presente necessite et serieuses debtes qui les
accablent, lesquelles sont procedantes du dit extraordinaire
et non oblige service, ne se trouvent aulcunement accomodes
de la paye ordinaire de 48 jours, laquelle comme diet est, ne
peut suffire pour Tentretennement quotidien de leurs com-
pagnies, sont contraintz de recheff suplier vos Sies entrer en
descompte advenant 32 jours par mois, suivant le contenu de
leurs derniers contracqs, et en conformite des promesses a eux
faictes a la despeche de leurs derniers descomptes, entrer en
traicte pour Tasseurance du payement de leur entier deu ;
desquelles lettres d'asseurances ils se pourront servire pour
subvenir a leurs necessitez, payement de leurs debtes et entre-
tennement de leurs soldats au service du pays.
Continuation ofBalfour's business.
Dec. 19. — The Conservator of Scotland compeared, and the
foresaid resolution was communicated to his lordship, the
clerk being charged to hand it over to him in writing.
Colonel Balfour compeared, and was informed of the resolu-
tion arrived at regarding the memorial handed in by him in
reference to the commission sent to him by the King of Scot-
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1592
land. He declared that he does not wish to make use of it in
these Lands, nor to serve in virtue of any other commission,
but only on the commission of the States-General, his lords
and masters.
Dec. 20. — Colonel Balfour compeared and presented his
answer to the offer made by the States to him and the
captains of his regiment, which answer is inserted below
as follows : —
* Response de Monsieur Balfour, Colonnel et ses Capitaines,
sur la proposition a eux faicte par Messeigneurs les Estats
Generaux.
<Le dit Colonel et ses Capitaines declarent ne chercher
aultre chose de mesditz Seigneurs, sinon de voir leurs soldatz
soulagez par quelque convenable moien de leur presente
necessite. II a pleu a mesditz Seigneurs de faire un offre
d'un mois en drap pour chacune compagnie et estre rabatu
en six paiemens ; sauve la correction de vos Sies, le soldat ne
sera en cet endroit soulage, puis plus tost charge davantage,
quitant la sixiesme partie de sa paye, Tespace de six mois.
6 Mais s'il plaisoit a mes d. Seig8 de vouloir accorder un mois
en drap en tant moins et a bon compte de ce qui est deu par
d'escompte faicte, ou sera trouve deu par d'escompte de leur
present service, alors le diet Colonel et Capitaines obliger de
remercier vos Sies.
' Us remerchient aussy voz Sies de Foffre faicte a leurs per-
sonnes en recompense des grands frais par eux faictz durant
le voiage en France. Us ne sauront avecq si petite somme
donner contentement a leurs crediteurs, car ils desirent plus
tost de voir leurs soldats soulages que leur particulier.
'Touchant d'entrer d'escompte avec voz Sies et quieter un
sixiesme, le dit colonnel et capitaines ne sauront ceder a ceste
poinct sans meure deliberation et advis de leurs officiers et
soldats, et aultres respectz.
6 Quant a la commission expediee par sa Maw d'Escosse au
Colonnel, cela tend plus pour se guarantir centre aucuns qui
vouldroient prendre action centre luy en Escosse, comme il
a desia declaire par escript. Car il est prest de continuer a
voz Sies le service, comme il a faict. Pour tant prient bien
1593] CLAIMS OF BARTHOLOMEW BALFOUR 113
affectueusement led. Colonnel et Capte8, qu'il plaise a Voz
Seigies considerer la longue et fidele service par eux faicte par
decha, et Tintime affection qu'ilz ont de continuer jusques au
dernier de leur vie et leur accorder moitie en drap en tant
moins et a bon compte comme dessus. Car voians leurs
soldatz soulagez, ils sont prestz en union et bon accord de se
soubzmettre a toutes choses qifil plaira a Messeigneurs leur
commander pour le prouffit et service du pays.'
Dec. 24. — The foresaid answer having been considered, it was
resolved to declare in regard to it that the States by no means
understand that he is at liberty to serve and help himself in
any manner in these Netherlands, with any commission, in his
position as colonel in command of the Scottish companies,
they being in the service of these Lands, other than with
the Commission of the States only, in conformity with the
foregoing declaration made respecting this.
Then as regards the deduction for the clothing or accoutre-
ments agreed to by the States, that the same shall be carried
out according to what shall be found to be just and reason-
able.
1593. Alleged Plot of the Scots Transaction with Balfour.
Dec. 2. — On the remonstrance being made, that apparently Resolution of
some plot might be entered into by the Scots, which in future States-General
times might tend to injure the condition of the Land, it was,
during a long consultation suggested and advised in what
manner this might be dealt with, so that the Land might be
assured of their services ; and with that end in view several
plans and suitable methods were proposed. Thereafter nothing
•else was resolved on than that his Excellency [Prince Maurice]
should be advised to divide the Scottish companies in the
garrisons, and post them in such places, that they may not,
and cannot do any ill.
Dec. 4. — A consultation was once again held as to how in
time to come they could be assured of the service of the Scots.
And it was thought good in the first place to try to satisfy
Colonel Balfour, concerning the payment requested by him of
the arrears of his salary ; and for that end to offer 1000 dollars
ready money, and further 1000 dollars yearly, till paid in full.
H
114 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1593
Item. To sound the intention of the said Balfour, in regard
to his accounts of his company. Also what is due him for the
services afterwards performed by him, with the foresaid com-
pany ; and to resolve, that it shall be accumulated with the
principal, till report shall have been made and heard, of what
has occurred concerning this. As to this, it being well under-
stood that the system be still insisted on of keeping the com-
panies apart, and that they ought to be placed in such garrisons
that it shall not be in their power to do any ill. Finally, in
order that the foresaid Scots be fitly treated, the act shall be
renewed, signed by the captains.
Feb. 12. — The Council was requested to go to the Assembly
of the States-General, and went accordingly. And there
Colonel Balfour, Captains Murray, Dalachy, Brog, Prop,.
Egger and Waddel were informed that since they will not
content themselves with the settlement, of which an offer has
been made them severally, nor otherwise with such pay as the
other captains are in receipt of, that therefore they are dis-
charged from their service, and loosed from their oath. But
should any one among them desire to continue in the States'
service, it is devised that he shall come to an agreement with
the same.
Dec. 6. — The Lord Advocate of Holland was commissioned
and authorised to treat with Colonel Balfour, as to the pay-
ment of the outstanding salary of the same, for the sum of
1500 guilders ready money, and 1500 guilders a year till said
salary be paid in full.1
1 See States of War supray and also p. 245.
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 115
PAPERS RELATING TO THE CLAIMS AND EM-
BASSIES OF COLONEL SIR WILLIAM STEWART
OF HOUSTON, SIR WILLIAM MURRAY, AND
OTHERS, AND REPORTS OF THE DUTCH EM-
BASSIES TO ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND IN
1588, 1589, AND 1594.
1588-1595 »
Transactions with Colonel Stewart.^
1588, August 20. — There appeared before the assembly a council of
person claiming to be an ambassador of the King of Scotland, state<
and after preliminary greetings and compliments on the part
of His Majesty, he briefly intimated that he was charged to
1 Colonel William Stewart of Houston, by whom this claim was made, was
(according to Douglas) the second son of Thomas Stewart, fourth Laird of
Galston, in Ayrshire, descended from Alexander, brother of John, first Lord
Darnley, and first Earl of Lennox of the Stewart line. But it seems doubtful
whether he was legitimate. Sir Walter Scott describes him as a relation of
Captain James Stewart, created Earl of Arran in 1573, whom he seems to have
succeeded as Captain of the King's Guard. He must be distinguished from
Arran's brother, Sir William Stewart, who was dead before Stewart of Houston
became Sir William. The Earl of Arran was the second son of Andrew, third
Lord Ochiltree, and it is a curious fact that, obnoxious as he was to the party of
the Kirk, his sister was the young wife of old John Knox.
The first record of William Stewart's military service is a request in October
JS7S t° purchase arms in England, having received a captain's commission under
the Prince of Orange. After the Pacification of Ghent, he is said to have served
the town of Dantzick against Poland with a regiment (or some Scottish com-
panies), which he brought to Flanders on the resumption of hostilities with Don
John of Austria, and which was taken into pay by the associated provinces.
In June 1577 he is described as 'captain of two companies and Lt-colonel
of the Scottish regiment.' In one list of 1579 his regiment is said to consist of
eight companies (Balfour's being given as of eight also), and in one of 1580 of
116 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
speak in reference to the debt due to Colonel Stuart for his
past services rendered to these Lands, and since he could not
very well lay that matter before them in a speech, he intimated
that he has drawn up a statement in writing, which he had
five — Balfour's regiment being stated in the same list as consisting of eighteen
(Renom de France). In one document the establishment of his regiment as
from ist March 1579 to April i8th, 1581 is given as ten companies, of which one
was latterly commanded by Patton, and in December 1586 the command of
the Scottish companies was re-arranged, Barthold Balfour being given ten and
Patton four. Stewart's final settlement with the States in 1593 was made for five
companies, apparently the strength of the regiment on passing from the employ-
ment of the associated provinces to that of the Northern Union in 1579.
Stewart apparently married when serving in Flanders, for in noticing some of
the good things that fell into the hands of the foreign adventurers, Lettenhove
says, *Le Colonel Stuart obtient la main de la veuve du Comte de Manderscheidt. '
He afterwards married, in Scotland, the widow of Halkett of Pitfirrane.
Mr. James Melville descrfbes Colonel Stewart as ' a pensioner of the Prior of
St. Andrews ' ; and Calderwood says that, having been a colonel in Flanders, he
was ' brought home and in credit with the king by the Earl of Cowrie's moyen,
of purpose to counterpace the greatness and credit of James Stewart, Earl of
Arran.' When the Duke of Lennox approached Edinburgh in November 1582,
* Colonel Stewart, with the men of war lately taken up, watched in the abbey.'
He went on an embassy to England in 1583, and subsequently accompanied king
James in the sudden move to St. Andrews which emancipated the king from the
control of the Cowrie faction. In August 1 583 he had been made Commendator of
Pittenweem. It was to him that the plain speaking of the Rev. David Ferguson
was addressed in one of the interviews of the Presbyterian ministers with the king :
' Assure yourself if yee counsell him to place and displace the nobilitie as yee
please they will not bear it at your hands, who is but a meane man.' * The
Colonel,' says the narrator, * stormed at first, but grew calm incontinent.' The
Commendator of Dunfermline is said to have sent him a purse with thirty gold
pieces. The colonel informed the king, and gave the pieces to thirty of the
guard, who wore them in their hats as they marched from Perth to Falkland,
with the purse upon a spear-point. In November 1583 he appeared before the
Presbytery of Edinburgh, and ' purged himself of having carried a double message
to England,' and in the following month an alteration was made in the coinage,
'to get silver to Colonel Stewart to pay the waged men of war.'
In February 1584 he was * sent to St. Andrews as a spy to entrap Mr. Andrew,'
and alleged to the king that Andrew Melville had ' compared his mother to
Nebuchadnezzar, who was chased from the kingdom.' He subsequently appeared
as Melville's accuser, ' wha bruikit that name for ignominie many yeares after,
" Wilyeam Stewart the Accusar," ' and two months later rode with some horsemen
to arrest the Earl of Gowrie at Dundee. Upon the earl resisting he promptly
* bringeth ordinance out of the ships,' and with the assistance of the town of
Dundee besieged the house and secured his prisoner. On the demonstration by
Cowrie's friends at Stirling, Stewart at once rode there with five hundred men, and
the army of the Lords melted away. He was with the king at Dirleton in May
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 117
handed, together with an authentic copy of the commission and
charge given him by the King. This being in Latin was read,
and it was found to conclude with a protestation that, in case
of failure to pay, His Majesty would consent to grant letters
1585, where ' they passed the time with the play of Robinhood.5 On the return
of the banished Lords in October, he went against them with a hastily raised
company to Jedburgh, but fell back, rinding them too strong. At the taking of
Stirling he * made some shew to have resisted,' and 'was followed so hardlie '
by Mr. James Haldane, that Haldane, * as he was laying hands on him was
shot by the Colonel's servant. ' The king's stipulation for his life on the surrender
of the Castle of Stirling was not assented to, and Calderwood gives this account
of him : * Colonel Stuart was, as is constantly reported, first a cloutter of old
shoes. He went to the Low Countries, where he served in the wars, first as
soldier, then as a captain, at last as a colonel. He returneth home, and was
employed by the king to apprehend any subject in any corner of the kingdom
that the Court had any quarrel at. He wanted not likewise his reward, for he
was gifted with the Priory of Pittenweem, and married the Lady Pitfirrane, not
without suspicion of the murder of her former husband.' Both the Earl of
Arran and Colonel Stewart were obnoxious to the clerical party, and the state-
ments of the ecclesiastical historians in regard to them must be taken cum grano
salts* Mr. James Gibson, minister of Pencaitland, had a lively interview with
King James for having said 'he thought it had been Capt. James Stewart,
Colonel William Stuart, and Ladie Jesabell that had long persecuted the Kirk,
but he saw that it was the king himself, because he passed forward in that cursed
course that they began.' In 1585 he was suspected by the English of being
' the principal dealer in Scotland ' between King James and the Jesuits, and on
his dismissal in the end of that year his movements were closely watched. He
was preparing shipping ; was expected to go and serve the King of Spain ; was
again in great favour in February, and expected to be ambassador to Denmark
(St. Pap. Border). He had previously obtained an Act of Parliament (1584,
c. 49) deputing a commission to the Estates, urging them to make payment
of the arrears due to him, * having served during the space of ten or twelve
years'; and in December 1586 he was with the King of Denmark, who was
' urging the States to make him satisfaction for injuries and restore his wife's
provisions.' In April 1587 he was said to be ' in great credit with the Prince of
Parma, who had restored him to all his wife's living again.' The movements of
his messengers were reported on. He had sent a ship for one Nisbet, and one of
his friends had boasted that ' within two months the Colonel would himself be
with the king at whose return other news would be known than were yet ' (Border
Papers). But a little later it was acknowledged ' so as where we thought it was
Colonel Stewart that had been the doer of these matters, it is Colonel Sempill
that had been the doer with the King of Spain.' Stewart returned by Den-
mark, and kept himself very quiet, but in the eventful year 1588 was credited
with ' very boldly and openly ' urging King James to accept the King of Spain's
offers, and declaring that he would ' find more dalliance than gain ' from Eng-
land. ' But it is said that the king's answer hath little pleased him * (Border
Papers). In 1588 Lord Huntly, then in favour, recommended his restoration as
118 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
of marque ; he, nevertheless, not having any intention to break
any point or clause of the accord and treaty of peace existing
between His Majesty and the Lands. Whereto the reply was
promptly given that he had addressed himself to the wrong
quarter, and that he ought to apply to the States-General, to
Captain of the Guard, and he was specially mentioned along with Lord Huntly
as one of ' the papists and apostates which shall happen to resort to Court or to
the town of Edinburgh,' who were to be proceeded against by order of the
Assembly^ Restored to favour, he obtained the letters of marque against the
Dutch ships, which were to prove far more effectual than the representations of the
monarchs of Scotland and Denmark. In 1589 he went to Denmark along with
the Earl Marischal, the ambassador, in connection with the royal marriage, and
was again sent to sea to search for the Queen's fleet ; and in the following year
he again took over a ship to bring the King and Queen home. In 1590 he * took
^"500 from the Queen of England to the King of Scots,' and went as ambassador
to 'the partes of Almany,' and in 1591 had a lawsuit with John Shairp of
Houston. In 1592 an act was passed acknowledging * his great services in
foreign parts,' and he was warded in the castle because * the Queen used him as
an instrument to disgrace the chancellor.' He was again, in August I592> warded
in reference to an accusation brought by him against the Laird of Spynie, who
' offered the single combat,' for which a day was assigned. In 1593 he went on
an embassy to Holland, and succeeded in getting his claims settled, and on
1 9th December he was present at one of Mr. Robert Bruce's sermons. In 1596
he received a commission of lieutenancy in the Highlands and Islands, obtained
authority in August to levy 1000 men, and in November reported his proceedings
in Kintyre. In January 1597 it was reported that 'the king would have him
Constable of Dumbarton,' and in 1598 he acted on a commission for erecting
towns in the Highlands, went as ambassador to Denmark, and was one of the
' undertakers for the Lewis.' — P. C, Reg. , passim.
His son, Frederick Stewart, was created Lord Pittenweem in 1609, but died
without issue.
The substantial question between Colonel Stewart and the Estates was as to
whether the Northern Union was liable for all the arrears, including those for
services to the whole United Netherlands, in the campaigns in the time of Don
John of Austria. The States contended that the Colonel had had a commission
from Holland and Zealand in 1576 as a captain, that after the Pacification of
Ghent he had been commissioned by those States 'among others,' and that
afterwards he' was in the service of the States-General of the other provinces,
from whom he received his colonel's commission. They complained also that
he demanded payment of Colonel Patton's debt, who had betrayed Gueldres.
The ultimate arrangement was that Stewart was to give up his claims for
services beyond the Meuse, reserving his action against the other provinces, to
demand nothing for services prior to March 1579, to assign certain claims
which he and his officers had for the period from 1st March 1579 to the date
when 'they were licensed,' which the States might recover from the reconciled
provinces, to surrender the letters of marque, and to deliver the ' record made
at Delft in January 1581,' and the States to pay him 56,000 florins.
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 119
which his commission was addressed ; that it was not in order
to produce a protestation of that kind here. Notwithstanding
lie persisted, saying that his orders included a special instruc-
tion that, in case the States-General were not in Session, he
was to address himself to the Council of State, and he wished
to show this instruction, and desiring that his declarations
should at all events be taken down in writing and minuted.
Which the Council refused, being unwilling to take any cog-
nisance of it. Whereupon he desired Captain Blayr, and two
other persons who had entered with him, to bear witness of
how he had done his duty, and of how he had been treated ;
and on that footing he left. The secretary Zuylen being sent
to the States- General to inform them of it, reported that he
found nobody there.
Thursday, August 25. — A summary was given of the
copy of a mandate brought here to this chamber some days
ago by a Herald of the King of Scotland, and of how he
received his dismissal, and the matter was taken up at a
meeting of the States-General, where it was in place, and also
the resolution taken thereanent by the S tates- General : it was
agreed, as to said nobleman, that all the documents that can
be got that are in anyway connected with the accounts of
Colonel Stuart are to be placed in the hands of the Lord
Chancellor, so that a reply to His Majesty thereanent may be
drawn up, in which, above all, it is to be proved that the
Herald in his procedure has greatly exceeded the powers given
him by His Majesty, that also the States of these Provinces
are not aware that they owe anything to Stuart, and should it
be the case that they owe him anything, he should take legal
proceedings to recover it (a refusal of which was never made,
though His Majesty's mandate is founded on that), and no
potentate or prince could, so long as the war was going on,
fully satisfy the soldiers' claims of arrears, nor had any of
them up to this time consented to grant open reprisals or
letters of marque, that they prayed His Majesty, in this acting
according to the true Christian religion, not to grant them,
... as shall be more fully and minutely fixed and resolved in
the Council, nevertheless they agreed to summon the Assistant
of the said Herald, and inform him of the irregular procedures
120 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
of the said Herald ; and that he had as little requested audi-
ence of the States-General as caused them to assemble for that
business ; that he would have been well received both by them
and as well by this Council.
Van der VocMs proposed visit to Scotland.
1588, Tuesday, September 27. — Mr. Lenert van der Voecht,
Pensionary of Delft, having been summoned and appeared,
was informed that, in spite of the written representations of
his principals, he cannot be excused, and he was requested and
ordered, accordingly, to prepare himself for the journey to
Scotland with all diligence, the business being of great import
to the Lands; and after consultation it was agreed, on the
advice of Advocate Barneveldt, that he is to go by way of Eng-
land ; and the Agent Ortel is to be charged to assist him there,
and to travel with him to Scotland, so that together they
may bring matters to a favourable issue; and the Recorder
Aerssens is ordered to seek for, and extract from the registers
of the previous business of the allied States, all such minutes
and duplicates as may have some reference, and be of service,
to the said business with Scotland, to prevent the issue
of the letters of marque; and similar orders shall be given
to the Recorder of Holland, de Rechtere ; for which purpose,
likewise, the Master of Accounts, de Bye, and Advocate van
der Necke, might also be heard and examined as to their
knowledge of past transactions, as they were at that time
Deputies of Holland and Zeeland in the Assembly of the
Allied States.
Resumption of the business of Colonel Stuart.
Friday, September 30, afternoon. — Minutes were read in
reference to the business of Jan de Jonge, Scotsman, agent of
Colonel Stuart, and the advice of the Advocate Barneveldt
having been communicated by Counsellor Valck, it was resolved
to summon said Scotsman to the Cleves chamber next to the
CounciPs, and inquire of him through their notary and wit-
nesses, in presence of Secretary Zuylen, whether he does not
possess, in addition to the mere copies handed in by him,
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 121
some original, authentic, or other copies of the obligations,
accounts, or specifications whereby the said Stewart might
authenticate his pretended arrears for services alleged to have
been rendered to the Lands, and whether he would be willing
to produce the same. Also thereafter again to try and per-
suade him to take to the King the letters written by the
Council containing a full reply to all the requests made by
His Majesty's Herald in regard to the said pretended arrears :
the said notary was instructed to draw up in writing, from the
answers of Jan de Jonge, a statement thereanent, with inser-
tions of all documents that the said agent has already delivered,
or may yet hand in.
October 1. — Resolved that Mr. Voocht, who shall travel to
the Majesty of Scotland, may take with him three servants,
and that there shall be given to him one thousand guilders for
travelling money, and an act of security that he shall be freed
in case of captivity.
1588-1589. First Report of Pensionary de Voocht, sent to
England in connection with the case of Colonel Stuart.
HONOURABLE, NOBLE, WISE, LEARNED, MOST PRUDENT SIR : — In accord-
ance with the charge and Commission given me by the, my Lords
Councillors of State, on the part of your Highness, I, Leonard Voocht,
Pensionary of the town of Delft, on October 18th last travelled from the
Hague to Zeeland, and after having waited there, in the town of Middel-
burg, for favourable winds, betook myself on the 29th of the same month
to England, where I arrived at the Foreland, on the last day of the
month, and having taken the ordinary post to Marigat [Margate?], I
entered the city of London on the 2nd November, and after I had
addressed myself to Mr. Ortel, and shown him my aforesaid charge and
Commission, went next day in pursuance thereof, accompanied by the
said Mr. Ortel, to the house of Mr. Douglas, the King of Scotland's
ambassador to the Queen of England, and there I handed over to him
the letters of Your Hon., and informed him very fully of the situation of
the business of Colonel Stuart, together with his pretended [arrears]. I
also showed my further orders to repair to Scotland, and on behalf of the
States to kiss His Majesty's hands, also personally to inform His Majesty
of the said business in such a manner, that the connived-at execution of
the letters of marque granted to Coloiiel Stuart might be averted from
the states and that all good friendship and unity between His Majesty
and the States might be preserved. Whereupon His Excellency declared
122 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
that he, having been informed some time ago by Mr. Ortel of the situa-
tion of the said business, had notified His Majesty about it, who in
a certain missive of September 14th last (which His Excellency showed
us) had charged him to declare to the said Mr. Ortel, that nothing
would be more pleasing to His Majesty than to maintain all good friend-
ship with the States ; but that His Majesty could not shut his eyes to the
manifold complaints, made not only by the said Colonel Stuart, but also
by many others, and among them divers widows and unfortunate people
who had risked their persons and lives in the service of the States, — that
some citation be granted in virtue of which Your Hon. might be
summoned to give some satisfaction to the persons aforesaid ; charging,
however, the said Mr. Douglas to settle the matter by the best measures
possible. But when, on the contrary, I had shown that from various
reasons, the States, and especially those of Holland and Zeeland, were
not involved in the said debts ; and that I was not the least in the world
authorised to enter into any composition or agreement about them, but
only to offer remonstrance to His Majesty in regard to the great wrong
done by Stuart, His Excellency declared that if I had no other charge
from Your Highness to the King of Scotland, it would be unnecessary
at this time of the year to proceed on the journey to Scotland. But that
His Majesty, on being rightly informed by letter of the reasons adduced
by me, would, doubtless, suspend the execution of the said letters of
marque ; and to that end His Excellency also in fact offered to write to
His Majesty, but, as I explained, I was minded to give effect to Your
Highness's commission, and so for that day I took leave of His
Excellency.
On the 4th of the same month, accompanied as before, I waited on
Lord Borlay [Burleigh], First Lord of the Treasury, and Lord Walsyngam,
first secretary of Her Majesty, etc., ... I very earnestly requested their
Lordships graciously to use their best endeavours, that in furtherance of
my intended journey to Scotland Her Majesty might grant me suitable
letters, both of passport, and especially of petition, to the King of
Scotland, so that, by Her Majesty's intercession, the execution of the
said letters of marque, wherewith the States were threatened so unjustly,
might be averted from them.
This having been promised me by their Lordships, thereafter, on the
6th of the said month, Lord Walsirigam requested me to put the
principal points and motives, in justification of the States against the
pretensions of Stuart, into writing, in order that having been handed to
their Lordships they might be communicated to Her Majesty, and that
a resolution might be arrived at concerning them such as Her Majesty
might find most serviceable to the interests of the country. In accord-
ance with this request, I arranged the said points in writing, and
delivered them to His Lordship on the 7th of the same month, and also
strongly recommended him to lose no time in the matter.
Having been summoned on the 9th to Court, Lord Walsingam there
announced to me the resolution of Her Majesty and of the Counsellors
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 123
of Her Majesty, regarding the said points handed in : namely, that Her
Majesty having perceived that Colonel Stuart was in the wrong, had
resolved to write with her own hand a strong letter to the King, in order
that the connived-at execution of the said letters of marque might be
cancelled and suspended ; that also the members of the Council had
earnestly charged His Lordship to write to Mr. Absky [Wm. Asheby],
Ordinary Ambassador of Her Majesty to the King in Scotland, with full
instructions to remonstrate to His Majesty about the wrong done by the
said Stuart ; and that I should abandon my proposed journey till the King
of Scotland should answer the said letters of Her Majesty and should
have declared his intention regarding the remonstrance of the said
Ambassador, not doubting that the King would come to such a resolu-
tion as to said matter that the States need expect to suffer no loss or
prejudice from the said Colonel Stuart.
On the same day I had also access to Her Majesty, and after I had,
with all due respect, on behalf of your Highnesses, kissed Her Majesty's
hands, I briefly recounted the principal causes of my embassy to Scotland
and very sincerely thanked Her Majesty for her good resolution adopted
regarding it, announced to me by Lord Walsingam on behalf of Her
Majesty, and I declared that I would, nevertheless, fain proceed on the
said journey ; especially because the King of Scotland had been in-
formed of my coming, and it was plain the postponement thereof might
cause some dissatisfaction to the King of Scotland, and be of disadvan-
tage and prejudice to the States. Thereupon it was declared by Her
Majesty that the King of Scotland might well forbear to bestow a single
execution of letters of marque in favour of one individual as against Her
Majesty's friends and allies^ and that Her Majesty had expressed all that
very strongly in a letter written with her own hand. Nor did I omit to
remonstrate with Her Majesty on the condition of the town of Bergen-op-
Zoom, etc. ... As to that, Her Majesty declared that the Council had
issued foolish orders in the business referred to. And therewith having
taken leave of Her Majesty, the following day we came to Court with the
said Mr. Ortel to talk over with Mr. Bodsley and Walsingam the business
of the powder. Lord Walsingam handed to us the letters from your
Highnesses to the King of Scotland, despatched by Jasper the messenger,
and stopped at Barwyck, and conveyed back to Her Majesty at Court.
And after we had given orders about the discharge of the said messenger,
I waited on the said Mr. Duglas on November 10th, and communicated to
His Excellency the resolution of Her Majesty and also the duplicate of
the said points, requesting that His Excellency might kindly add to his
letters the letters of your Highnesses addressed to the King of Scotland ;
all the duplicates, both of the said points concerning the case of Stuart,
and of a certain memorial concerning the case of the Earl of Orkenan,
and to despatch for the purpose a special messenger, in order that he
might be sure to hand them to His Majesty, that, from the contents, His
Majesty might be fully informed of the circumstances of both the cases
mentioned. That also His Excellency might be pleased to write to
124 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
certain of the principal gentlemen of the Council of His Majesty, who are
well disposed to the States, with assurances that the States would not
neglect in a fitting time and way to recognise the said service of His
Excellency. His Excellency, in pursuance of this, appointed a certain
Nobleman specially for the purpose, and sent him to Scotland on 12th
November with all the said letters. Of all which I have not neglected to
advise Your Highnesses. In the meantime, having received certain infor-
mation that full commission and instruction had not been granted
either to the'Lord General Noreitz [Norris], or to Mr. Bothley to give
the Lands proper satisfaction regarding the said points as to which redress
was previously sought verbally by me on behalf of your Highnesses both
from Her Majesty and from the Lords of the Council ; that, likewise,
the actions of Your Highnesses are very basely misrepresented to Her
Majesty, both in regard to Colonel Schenck, etc. . . . And having
heard, on December 6th, that Her Majesty had received letters from the
King of Scotland, I requested through Lord Walsingam that I might
have access to Her Majesty, both to hear the reply of the King of Scot-
land to the letters of Her Majesty, and to bring certain matters to the
notice of Her Majesty on behalf of Your Highnesses touching the state of
the country. Having been admitted on the 8th of the same month, Her
Majesty declared to me that it was unnecessary to proceed on the said
journey to Scotland, that the King of Scotland had suspended the
execution of the letters of marque, that Her Majesty would not allow
such ways of procedure against Her Majesty's allies, that the King of
Scotland, at least, would certainly abstain from granting them against
the States, without Her Majesty's foreknowledge and consent. Whereof,
after I had profusely thanked Her Majesty on behalf of Your Highnesses
I delivered to Her Majesty, etc.
Having been summoned on December llth to Mr. Douglas, His
Excellency informed me that he had heard from the King by letter, that
His Majesty was expecting me, that my coming would be very agreeable
to His Majesty, and that His Majesty would give the States all proper
satisfaction ; but that His Majesty could not comprehend how that could
be brought about by the intercession of Her Majesty of England, or of
any one else, telling me, moreover, the King of Scotland had been highly
offended at the messenger being stopped at Berwick, who was sent by
Your Highnesses to His Majesty, also at the letters addressed to His
Majesty being taken out of the hands of the said messenger and sent
back to the Court here, and that His Excellency had been ordered to
remonstrate about the injustice thereof to Her Majesty, or to Her
Majesty's Councillors. Accordingly, I made all possible and formal pre-
parations to proceed on the said journey, and by letter informed Lord
Walsingam, who was at the Court at Greenwich, both of the above noti-
fication made by Mr. Douglas on behalf of the King of Scotland, and of
my intention to proceed on the said journey at the first opportunity, in
accordance with the expectation of the said King and the command of
Your Highnesses. I very earnestly entreated his Lordship that he would
1589] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 125
graciously intercede with Her Majesty, that, for prosecuting the said
journey, proper letters of passport and recommendation might be granted
me, in order that all further inconveniences might be prevented, which
by longer delay and postponement of the said journey might be caused
to the detriment of the States.
Having come to Court on the 16th, to ask for the resolution of Her
Majesty regarding the aforesaid missive, I was informed by Lord Wal-
singam, that his Lordship had communicated the said missive to Her
Majesty and the members of the council, but that as yet Her Majesty
had taken no resolution regarding it, that he would not neglect to hasten
it on, and to inform me immediately thereof by some of his servants.
Next on the 18th December, Mr. Barford, first clerk of his Lordship,
came to me, and informed me that Her Majesty, for certain reasons which
influenced Her Majesty, could not see why the said journey should be un-
dertaken. That Her Majesty would again write in strong terms to the
King of Scotland ; that the States need not look for any difficulty ; also that
she would write to Your Highnesses for my discharge and the withdrawal
of my commission. And as on the same day I had been very earnestly re-
quested, and Mr. Ortel likewise, by the Earl of Essex to come and visit his
Lordship the following day at Court. Accordingly, being then at Court,
and Mr. Ortel being present, I asked Lord Walsingam himself about the
said resolution of Her Majesty, and he declared that Her Majesty's resolu-
tion was exactly that communicated to us on the previous day by his clerk,
and showed us a certain missive, minuted by his Lordship in English,
which was to be sent to the King of Scotland, the contents of which, Mr.
Ortel declared were written very much to the point, but I could not
obtain a copy of it. And after his Lordship had made certain statements
to me, especially regarding the excessively great expenses borne by Her
Majesty since the Treaty, where through Her Majesty had exposed her
state to great risk, and after, in reply, I brought forward other
arguments, thereupon I took leave of his Lordship. And on the follow-
ing day I waited on Mr. Douglas, and earnestly requested His Excellency
to be so good as oblige the States and Your Highnesses, by making
excuse to His Majesty for our delay in the letters of His Excellency. In
order that Your Highnesses, being advised thereof, might issue such
orders as the circumstances of the case, and the rendering of satisfaction
to His Majesty might be found to require. Accordingly we drew up a
certain letter, and despatched it along with the letters of His Excellency
to Scotland on the 24th, by a certain Nobleman appointed for the purpose
by Mr. Douglas. His Majesty's reply thereto is still expected.
And so to Mr. Ortel on the 28th were delivered, etc. . . .
On January 9th Mr. Douglas informed me that His Excellency had
received letters from Scotland from the first clerk of His Majesty, to
whom His Excellency had recommended the affairs of Your Highnesses.
That the King had resolved to give Your Highnesses every reasonable
satisfaction ; and that the letters for that purpose would have been
despatched, but that, on account of some obstacle placed in the way by
126 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1589
Colonel Stuart, they, as well as the nobleman of Mr. Douglas, are yet
detained. He did not doubt, however, but that His Majesty would
persist in the resolution he had taken, and, at least, defer the precognitions
on both sides in the affair till a suitable opportunity. He also deemed it
was unnecessary for me to wait for the said despatches, especially as, in any
case, the journey to Scotland could not be promoted from any quarters,
but that the said despatches would be addressed to your Highnesses ; or
in case they should be sent to His Excellency, that His Excellency would
not fail to hand them over to Mr. Ortel to be despatched immediately by
express messenger to Your Highnesses ; according to which advice I have
thought it right to regulate my conduct, and hasten on my return to these
quarters ; the more because My Lords the Councillors of State had
recalled me by their letters of November 28th last. And because Lord
Walsingam, having sent me on January llth the reply of Her Majesty
to the aforesaid points delivered by me on December 8th last to Her
Majesty, likewise my passports and other despatches addressed on the
part of Her Majesty to Your Highnesses, earnestly entreated me to set
out on my journey to our parts and procure from Your Highnesses that
the promised assistance agreed to by your Highnesses the 20th January,
stilo anglice, to further the projected voyage to Portugal, might be kept in
readiness, lest by longer delay any detriment to the said voyage might
occur. To this Messrs. Noreitz [Norris] and Draech [Drake] respec-
tively exhorted me daily very earnestly, so leaving London on the 15th
inst., I arrived in Zeeland on the 18th. And after I had there with the
states of Zeeland discussed certain points, recommended to me by the
Council of Her Majesty, I arrived here on the 25th.
All which, Right Honourable, Noble, Wise, Learned and Most
Prudent Sir, is what was transacted by me in England with Her Majesty,
both regarding the case of Colonel Stuart and in respect of the points
delivered to me as instruction at headquarters.
Dated at Delft, January 25th, 1589. l
(s.) LEONARD VOOCHT.
ANN EX A
A
Articles exhibes a Mess™ le Grand Thesaurier et De Walsyngem le 9 de
Novembre 1588 ; le double desquels sont envoyes vers le Roy d'Ecosse le
12 du diet moys.
Que le Colonnel Guillaume Stouart est venu environ Tan XVC LXXIV
es provinces d'Hollande et Zelande sans service ou charge, et que par les
geurs Estats des dits Pais, a la requeste du Sr Ortell, par recommandation,
du feu Sr Eduard Chester, luy a este accorde' et paye pour son entretien-
nement traictement de XXV florins par mois.
1 On Dec. 3Oth, 1588, Roger Aston wrote from Edinburgh, that 'the king was
much offended at the stay of the ambassador from the Low Countries.' — Cal. of
St. Pap. Scotland.
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 127
Que puis le dfc Stouart estant pourveu par les dits Srs Estats d'Hollande
et Zelande de commission de Capne d'une compaignie de gens de
pied, en 1'an XVC LXXVI, apres la pacification a Gent, par les dits Srs
Estats a este licentie entre aultres, et du tout satisfaict de ses services
passees.
Depuis cela le dit Stouart s'est donne en service des Estats generaulx
des aultres Provinces et a receu d'iceulx commission de Coloimel sur
quelques compaignies Ecossoises, desquelles services pour le present sont
praetenduz par le dit Stouart et ses complices les dits arrierages.
Que ceulx d'Hollande et Zelande au mesme temps ont faict subside
aulz ds Estats des aultres Provinces de XXV compaignies d'Infanterye
et Vc chevaulx a leurs despens, sans qu'en regard de la generaulte ils ont
este tenuz ou obligez en aulcunes oulterieures charges de guerre.
Si que le dit Stouart debvroit legitimement demander et pourchasser
le pavement de ses arrierages pretendus et non par voyes extraordinaires
de repressailles ou de constringer les dits pays par aultres voyes inde-
centes a satisfaction.
Qu'oncques au dit Stouart par les dits Srs Estats du pays a este refuse
droict ny Justice. Rien estre vray que le dit Stouart a aultre fois par
requeste et puis aprez le Roy d'Escosse par importunite d'Iceluy faict
interpeller par le Conservateur de la nation Ecossoise, demeurant a
Quandfeu [Campvere] en Zelande, les dits Seigneurs Estats du pays a cause
du dit payement ; mais qu'estant sur cela par les dits Srs Estats rescribe
en pensoit au meme temps avoir donne deu contentement a sa Majt6. De
sorte que la dite requisition et interpellation respective a este seulement
extra indiciatis, laquelle n'a peu constituer les ds Srs Estats en ung cas de
si grande importance in mora.
Signament d'aultant que la voye de justice a touiours este ouverte au dfc
Stouart laquelle les dts Srs Estats mesmes obeissent Joinct que les debtes
praetendues illiquides et qu'au d* Colonnel Stouart ne compete que rata
emeriti stipendii et aulx aultres Capnes et souldats leur portion a
1'advenant.
Que la plus part des dts Souldats et aulcuns des dts Capnes sont morts,
enfuys ou encores presentement en actuel service du pays et que
solemnelement ils ont promis de ne refuser aux dts pays aulcun service
a causes des dites arrierages.
Et quand bien les debtes pouroyent estre entierement liquides (ce
qu'on soutient que non) que toutefois on debvroit faire surcheance du
payement jusques a la fin de la guerre.
D'aultant que les plus puissants Roys, Princes et Republicques sont
reliquatores et continuent journelement de beaucoup de millions a cause
des guerres menees ou par eulx mesmes ou leurs praedecesseurs (si,
qu'encores aujourdhuy le payement de pareilles arrierages par iceulx est
diffe're'.
Et encores qu'on le vouldroit prendre a toutes extremitez si estre que
ceulx d'Hollande et Zelande seroient de leur coste reduables au payement
des ds debtes non plus que leur contigent ne porte. II est a presupposer
128 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
que le payement des des praetenses ensemble 1'execution des des repre-
sailles, en ces conjuctures est procure a 1'instigation du Prince de Parma
et aultres semblables tant secrets que publicqs ennemis de la cause com-
mune, Ann de contraindre les d8 pays de se de'fendre extraordinairement
a 1'encontre des proce'dures extraordinaires et si irraisonnables, et
employer leurs vassaulx de guerres tant a 1'encontre la puissance des
ennemis que particulierement centre iceulx qui vouldroyent empescher
la negociation par mer.
Par ou non seulement seroyent empesches le service de Sa Mat6 et
retarde touts aultres bonnes actions, mais aussy les moyens des pays
(lesquels par le regard des charges ordinaires des guerres pre'sentes n'en
ont que trop a porter) dissipez, au grand praejudice des bons inhabitants
du diet pays et oulterieure ruyne de leur present estat.
Que les ds procedures se facent a 1'instigation, ou pour le moins par
praeadvertance des ennemis communs, cela ce peult appercevoir ou con-
jecturer par diverses circumstances. Veu que le dit Stouart laisse
entierement immoleste les autres Provinces, comme Brabant, Flandres,
Artoys, Haynault, Malines etc., des dictes praetenses; nonobstant que
les des Provinces ayent principalement contracte avec luy et que luy
mesme par diverses fois depens n'aguerres s'y est trouve.
Et sans aulcung respect et honneur, avance a demander entre aultres
la debte du Capne Paton, lequel (contre le serment preste au dfc pays) a
meschamment trahy et rendu es mains de 1'ennemy la bonne ville de
Geldre.
Pareillement sera a considerer que la citation n'aguerres faicte de la
part du Roy d'Escosse a 1'instance du diet Stuart par certain herault n'a
este exploicte si debuement comme il appartient.
A cause qu'icelle debvroit estre faicte aulx Estats gene'raulx, avecq
lesquels le Sr Stouart principalement avoit traicte, lesquels estats au
temps de la dte citation n'estoyent assemblez.
Que le diet herault au moins cut deu attendre 1'assemblee des ds Srs
Estats et a eulx mesmes debuement faire 1'exploicte de la de execution.
San proceder par affichement de dte citation a la chambre du Conseil,
ou d'user aultres voyes extraordinaires, soubs praetexte du nom et Cou-
verture du Roy, pour causer esmotion emmy le peuple.
Qu'aussy le dfc he'rault desalors debvroit exhiber le contrait ou obliga-
tion praetendue par le dfc Stouart ou pour le moins copie authentique
d'icelle, afin que les Srs Estats les ayant veus y eussent peu prendre telle
resolution qu'ilz trouveroynt convenir selon 1'exigence du faict.
Specialement d'aultant que ceulx du pays declarent qu'ilz ne scavent
parler d'aulcun contract ny obligation gene'rale ny particuliere, ou bien
qu'avecq le dfc Stouart on aye faicte contract ou passe obligation a son
proufit, et encores qu'il n'en pourroit avoir, que les memoires et papier
sont demeurez au pays de Brabant.
Si que sur les raisons sus dictes et signament qu'il n'est en la puissance
du dfc pays de payer tels praetenses extroyues, sans ruiner totalement le
praesent Estat d'iceulx, il plaira a voz Sies d'y prendre tel regard, que par
1588] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 129
intercession et authorite de sa Mate les ds repressailles comminatoires
decernees sur la requisition subiective du dt Stouart soyent du tout
divertiz, si bien des Estats Generaulx, que especialement de ceulx
d'Hollande, Zelande et leurs inhabitans en particulier.
B
Copie de la lettre de sa Maieste, envoye au S. Roy d'Ecosse le 10 de Nouembre,
stylo AngL
My deere care for yo hono and good estate (my deere brother) per-
mittes me not to overslip anie cause wherein I suppose anie deminution
to fall to either and driven by a good grounde it will not dislike yo (I
make me suer) if I write to yo my mynde in such a case. And this it
is the States of the Lowe Countries, whom you are not ignorant I have
and do aide to keepe them in breathe from the extreame ruyii that is
ment them, finde themselves sorly agree ved that at this tyme of theire
greate neede to releive their owne danger theire countries losse and
theire continuwall well nighe importable charges, yo that professe the free
religion and proteste such inwarde affection to advance that cause cannot
finde in your harte so greate neglecte of them and their wantes as at
this season so out of season for them to make claime of debts owinge to
yo subiectes which when I hearde I could do no lesse then make it knowen
into yo (my deere brother) how sory I was to heare of such a preposition
togeither with the menace of Ires of marc if not spedeler it were not
answered. Consider I beseeche you of yo dealinges in this sorte how
yo shall wound yo frendes glad yo foes and wronge your self; who
will believe that yo passe of religion that suffer the professo to perrisse ;
who will suppose that your amitie is founde to me when yo afflirte my
parte ; nay I praie God the enemy who careth for neither of us, maketh
not skorne of our frendship as thinckinge it full faint and feeble. I
meane not herby that it is not reason for a Kinge to righte his subiectes
wronge and to procuer in time conveniant suche seemelike remedies as
maie fitt his place and helpe his vassails losse. But the moste of this
consists in the time and for the persons. Ffor as yo shall perceive a
great some of this greate valewe is not theire debte, but of other countries
and captaines whom theie rule not, according as at length my seruant
hathe in charge to tell you with my moste affectuous desier and earnest
request that you more regarde the cause and time then anie private subfc
sute. And that it maie please you alle theise thinges well waighed to
surceaste anie preparation that might make shewe to annoye. Albeit I
doubt not but theie mighte defende themselves againste a farre greater
force. Yett lett no man say that by yo hande theie be afflicted that have
miserie enough. And this I ende with my moste affectionate petition,
that theise lynes maie be considered accordinge to the harte that writes
them, who never ceaseth to praie for your beste, as God is witness. By
yd moste affeconate sister and cosen. ELIZABETH REGINA.
I
130 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1588
Copie de la lettre envoy e au Ser. Roy de Ecosse, le 14 Dec. S. A. 1588
SIRE, — Nous ne faisons doubte que V. Mat6 soit plus que suffisamment
informe tant par les Ires des Srs du Conseil d'Estat des Provinces unies du
pais has, que par les memoires quelques jours passez par nous envoyez, par
le moyen du Sr Ambassadeur de Votre Mat6 Mr. Duglas, avecq quel tort
le Colonnel Stuart, si bien en son nom prive comme aultres (praetendants
arrierages des services faictes aulx Srs Estats gnralx des dits provinces)
avoit obtenu de vre Maw Ires de represailles pour non seulement par
icelles executer leurs injustes praetenses, mais aussij particulierement
susciter des malentenduz entre votre Royalle Mate et ceulx du dfc pays,
qu'oncques n'ont desire aultre chose, qu'en temps et lieu convenable
faire paraistre a vre Mat6 1'envie qu'ilz ont de faire a icelle et son Estat
tous humbles et fideles services.
Et combien qu'avions (suyvant la charge a eu nous donnee) expresse'-
ment delibere voire appreste et aller trouver et baiser les mains de vre
Royale Mat6, si bien au nom de noz dits superieurs qu'en nre particulier
ensemble plus specificquement 1'informer si bien de 1'Estat des dits
affaires comme aussi de faire oulterieur ouverture de nre charge.
Si estre toutefois que nre dicte venue et singulier desir a este differe
iusques a ceste heure contraire toute expectation pour des causes que
nous ne scaurions repeter, mais vre Mat6 pourra entendre si bien par Ires
de la Reyne d'Angleterre, comme particulierement par le dct Sr
Ambassadeur.
Tout nonobstant n'avons obmis d'aduerter les dfcs Srs Estats en toute
diligence du succes de noz aifaires, comme aussy particulierement de la
retenue le leur messagier et Ires a Berwyck, si que pour le present ne
pourions que suppleerl vre Mat6 tres humblement (qu'ayant esgard a
1'acquite de la cause principale et present estat des ds pays, ensemble a
la singuliere affection qu'ils ont tousjours porte et portent envers son
service, comme aussy a notre ds retardement ; II luy plaise de sa grace
effectuelement et absolument faire descharger et annuchiller les ds re-
presailles avecq 1'execution d'icelles, pour le moins pour tel terme de six
ou huict mois que les ds Srs Estat y pouvans mestre ordre convenable
d'ung coste et vre Mat<5 estre plus suffisamment informee de la verite de
1'aultre, tous malentenduz puissent estre assarejuz et d'icy en avant
estre vre Maw et le diet pays toute bonne et inviolable union, corre-
spondance et amitie, taut plus aussy que les ds Sies par ceste faveur
puissent tant mieulx estre encouragez en temps et lieu (et quand quelque
bonne occasion se pourroit presenter) de faire a vre Mate en son par-
ticulier et a son Estat en genal des bons et signalz services, nullement a
comparer a iceulx de personnes particulieres.
Au reste, ayants entendu par le diet Sr Ambassadeur le bon plaisir de
vre Mat6 touchant le batteau de guerre du comte d' Orcnay ne fauldrons
incontinent procurer des ds Srs Estats la restitution d'iceluy, ensemble
1589] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 131
le renvoy des prisonniers, soubs ferme confiance que vre Mat6 mesme
disposera d'iceulx comme icelle par les circumstances du faict et de la
teneur de leur confession en acquite et justice trouvera convenir, mo-
yennant que par le d* Sr Comte soit premierement donne acte de descharge
qu'a cause de la prinse du dfc batteau il ne fera ny consentira estre faicte
aulx dts pays ou a leurs inhabitans aulcune oulterieure recherche moins
d'aulcunes petites meubles si quelques ungs a la prinse du d* batteau
pourroyent defaillir Estans baisans tres humblement les mains de vre
Royale Mate et attendans etc.
D
Letter of Queen Elizabeth to the General States on account of
Scottish affairs.
Messieurs nos bons Amys, L'estat present de nos affaires qui lie vous
sont point incongneuz, nous a faict appeller le Sr Ortel pour luy communi-
quer quelques occasions importantes pour faire remettre le voyage de luy et
du Sre de Vooch votre Commissaire pour Escosse a un aultre temps plus
propice. Ce que toutefois nous n' avons faict ung soing qu' avons du bien
des affaires tant du Roy notre bon frere que des votres, avecq lesquelz
nous estimons les notres conioinctz. Car nous avons desia donne charge
expresse a notre Ambassadeur restant en Escosse de moyenner la sur-
seance de la procedure qu'avoit encommencee centre les sujectz d'iceulx
pays bas, le Sr Guillaume Stewart, et en abolissant aussy des lettres de
represaille que led. Stewart avoit sollicite avec toute instance. Sur
quoy poura que led. Roy ne nous a parfaict entier refuse, ains en
usant de quelques petites remises differer sa plaine resolution sur la venue
de votre Commissaire en Escosse. Nous 1'avons de rechef prie de vouloir
remettre le voyage en Escosse au printemps, a celle fin que nous
puissions ce temps pendant tant mieulx accommoder nos affaires com-
munes. Ce que ne faisons doubte que led. Roy notre bon frere ne
nous accorde, comme requeste tres raisonnable, et que vous pourriez
peult-etre avoir occasion cependant de vous servir des bons offices et
clebvoirs du Sr de Vooch, nous 1'avons bien voulu licencier pour se
retourner vers vous requerant vouloir trouver bonne la procedure qu'
avons tenu en la charge que vous luy avez baillee, et luy impartira de
vos faveurs selon que ses bons debvoirs en votre service meritent. Qui
fera 1'endroict que nous nous recommanderons bien affectionement a voz
bonnes graces. Priant le Createur vous tienne tousiours en la sienne.
Escript a notre Chateau de Greenwich, le xm Jour de Decembre, 1588.
Votre bonne Amye,
ELIZABETH R.
1589, Wednesday, February 15. — The recorder Aerssen was council of
further informed that the Council judges it necessary that state*
the States-General should resolve to send an embassy to Scot-
132 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1589
land and write about the matter to Her Majesty of England.
The said Recorder hereupon replied to Secretary Huyghens
that the Lords States-General had resolved with reference to
it, that Ortell [the Dutch ambassador at the Court of London],
should remain in England, and that de Voocht and van de
Warck should travel to Scotland.
[On 4th March 1589-90 a commission was granted to Sir
Robert Melville and others to c sight ' the ' instructions com-
mission and answers returned from the Estates of the Low
Countries of Flanders, to certain letters direct to them in
favour of William, Commendator of Pittenweem, and others
who served in the wars under his regiment in the said Low
Countries, as also the instructions, etc., which are to be directed
with Mr. John Skene, advocate, to the said Estates.' — Pr*
Co. Reg.]
Report of Leonard Voocht and Jan de Warck, about their
embassy to the King of Scotland. Anno 1589. Presented
to the Meeting of the States-General of the United Nether-
lands, on August \\th, 1590. (According to Resolution)
REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS during the Embassy to Scotland, and of
what was treated of and negotiated with His Majesty the King- of
Scotland James the Sixth, by the Deputies of the States-General of
the United Netherlands, according to the instructions given them on
March 20th, 1589, and commissions dated April 24th of the same
year, stilo novo.
Inasmuch as the Lords Councillors of the Admiralty, invested with the
charge of Zeeland had chartered two men-of-war, the one of Captain
Legner of Flushing, and the other of Captain de Haen of Hoorn, the said
Deputies at the same time, namely, as soon as the ships were ready, and
the wind favourable, set sail from Flushing on May 13th, 1589, on a
Saturday, in the afternoon about three o'clock, and after a fortunately
prosperous voyage arrived at Leith on the 17th of the same month,
namely on a Wednesday evening very late between nine and ten.
Having arrived in the hotel there, we were immediately visited by the
two ministers of that place, who came to confer with us in regard to the
business of our embassy and other matters, and passed the evening in
our company. And in accordance with their advice we sent the following
day to the Provost of Edinburgh, who is also provost of the said place or
harbour of Leith, to inform him of our arrival so that we might be pro-
vided with a lodging.
He expressed his pleasure at our arrival, and had us quant a quant
1589] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 133
provided with lodgings, namely the same where formerly Sir [P ?] Sidney,
Ambassador of the Queen of England had been accommodated.
Thereafter we came immediately into Edinburgh, where my lord, the
Chancellor, did with all respect inform the King's Majesty of our arrival,
with a view to ascertain when we might obtain audience of His Majesty.
Thereafter on the 19th of said month His Majesty gave us to under-
stand through Dr. Joannes Sceineus1 that our arrival in his kingdom
was very welcome to him, that he was glad we had had so prosperous a
voyage, and that the following day, being the 20th, he would give us
audience, in the afternoon at two o'clock. However His Majesty sent
an excuse by the said Sceineus, to the effect that we could have no
audience that day at the appointed hour, by reason of other pressing
matters which had come up for His Majesty to deal with ; but at last,
the 21st, being Whitsunday, was granted us, namely at five o'clock in
the afternoon, after the sermon.
At that time we were conducted by the said Sceineus, accompanied by
some others, and audience was given us in the garden of the Chancellor,
in whose house the King lodged at that time ; and that in the presence of
all the courtiers of His Majesty, and of every one who desired to be
present, yet in such a manner that we were heard only by the King and
the Lord Chancellor.
After paying due homage and respects, and on the part of the Sovereign
States their humble commendations and proffers of all service and friend-
ship possible, and after having delivered our credentials, which were
read by His Majesty, we, speaking in French, disclosed to His Majesty the
business we were charged with in the best form and manner we possibly
could, following our commission and instruction with appended docu-
ments, explaining besides the proposition thereauent drawn up in writing
by ourselves.
But although in our instruction aforesaid it was mentioned that we
were to present to His Majesty four horses, afterwards increased to six,
yet we neither did so, nor did we mention that we were expecting them,
as the horses, which had been shipped in the district of North Holland,
had not arrived, and we were totally uncertain when they might arrive.
His Majesty replied,, also in French, to our proposition extremely well
and wisely, just as we recorded the said reply afterwards in writing;
His Majesty declaring, amongst other things, that he would appoint com-
missioners who would confer with us regarding the business we were
charged with and our commission.
On the following day, the 22nd, we repaired to the Chancellor's, and
commended to him the object of our embassy, and prayed that he would
be pleased to use such efforts with the King that the commissioners who
were to confer with us and enter more minutely into our business should
be appointed.
Thereupon the said Chancellor declared that he was keeping our busi-
ness in good and favourable recommendation, and that His Majesty would
very soon appoint commissioners.
1 Sir John Skene of Curriehill.
134 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1589
But notwithstanding that we daily brought great pressure to bear for
that purpose, through the person of Adrianus Damannus, formerly
professor at Leyden, who we understood was a favourite with His Majesty,
with the said Lord Chancellor, and other principal personages,, yet, on
account of certain important affairs, which caused great anxiety to His
Majesty and the members of his Council, commissioners were not
appointed before the 25th of the said month, namely, Messrs. Scarpius,1
Prestonius 2 and the said Sceinius.
Thereupon we entered into negotiations and conference with the said
gentlemen in the Chamber of Session or Parliament of Scotland, on the
26th.
But as Colonel Stuart had entered with the said gentlemen, and sat down
next them, we first of all requested that the said Colonel should be obliged
to withdraw, and leave the said gentlemen alone with us, as we had
nothing to do with him, and had not come to meet him, nor were we
authorised to enter into any discussion or controversy with him, but had
been sent solely to His Majesty to make overtures to him touching our
difficulties in the matter of letters of marque, which was not a private
concern but public, affecting the government of the kingdom of Scotland
and of the United Netherlands, and we expected in reference to it not
any legal decision, but such a kindly answer from the Royal Majesty
as was demanded for the preservation of the alliance and good neigh-
bourly relations between the two countries.
That we, therefore, did not understand that these negotiations or
conferences had any object further than that His Majesty, through the
report of the said Commissioners, and from other and more particular
information, might be able more satisfactorily to give our principals and
superiors a favourable and fruitful answer.
Thereupon the said Commissioners replied, the said Sceineus being
spokesman, that this matter was not so public, that it did not also concern
the said Stuart, both as he was interested in it, and because we desired
to accuse and bring charges against him. That he, therefore, ought in
justice to be heard against these, and be present, in order to reply to
what we should bring forward, and adduce his contrary reasons.
In reply to this we again said that we had no orders to enter into any
discussion whatever with Stuart, much less to accuse him ; and although
many public affairs naturally involved private persons, that, nevertheless,
they were public and concerned the government of the country ; that we,
therefore, refused to disclose the business of our commission to any one
except to those appointed by the King for the purpose.
The result was that after some more arguments had been brought
forward, now by one side, now by the other, the said commissioners
ordered the said Colonel Stuart to withdraw, and this without his having
said a word on the subject, or having even understood the discussion
regarding him, for we and the said commissioners carried on our discus-
sion in Latin.
1 Mr. John Shairp, advocate (mentioned in P. C. Reg.)
2 Probably John Preston of Fentonbarns, appointed a judge in 1595.
1589] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 135
After his departure we declared that we had not insisted upon it,
because we did not wish him to hear our reasons, on the contrary we
should have been glad to let all the world be present at the conference,
but in order that the business might be carried on more freely, and also,
chiefly, because it should not seem as if the said Stuart having been present
we had entered into a judicial controversy or discussion with him, and we
still declared and protested that we were not authorised to do so, and
that we were only justified in making our overtures to the gentlemen
present there as Commissioners of His Majesty, that they might report
concerning them to His Majesty.
And in the same declaration we recounted to the said gentlemen all
the reasons contained in the proposition made to His Majesty.
And as we understood that the said Stuart was in good favour with His
Majesty, and, in fact, one of his Lords-in-waiting, and that in the previous
year he had been Ambassador jn Denmark, we had in our proposition to
the King and at our first interview avoided arguments which might in
any way have been understood as aggrieving the said Stuart ; as, for
instance :
That the said Colonel Stuart with the captains under him had taken
part in several dangerous mutinies to the great and irreparable harm of
the country.
That also some of his captains had surrendered to the common foe the
places of which they were in charge.
That the said Stuart had himself been for a long time with the common
foe — the Prince of Parma — so that one could not but suppose that he had
there rendered all sorts of bad offices against the United Netherlands.
That this was sufficiently vouched by the fact that he had never asked
for letters of marque, until after he had returned from the Prince of
Parma.
That he had asked for the said letters of marque only against these
Lands, where he had received so much honour and profit, and which he
well knows were forced to take up arms to preserve their ancient privi-
leges and rights, and in order to maintain the reformed true Christian
religion.
At the same time, leaving free and unmolested the provinces which are
subject to the Prince of Parma, which he has served, and which would
chiefly be the debtors of his pretended arrears.
That he also wished to have the said letters of marque executed at the
time when the Armada of Spain was on the way to attack England and
these lands, in order by those means to do the greater injury to the
United Netherlands.
And when we had requested that the said gentlemen would be pleased
to recount to His Majesty the said reasons and others which we had
before placed before His Majesty, and which we had set forth at length
to the said Commissioners, and to do as much as would lead to us
receiving soon a favourable answer from His Majesty. The said Com-
missioners replied :
That they had listened with interest to the reasons stated by us on
136 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1589
behalf of our principals, and that they had noticed, amongst other things,
what was said about the contracts,, which had been made between the
Kings of Scotland and the House of Burgundy ; and desired to know if
we had brought them with us.
Thereupon we declared that we did not doubt that the said treaties
were in the possession of the King among other original documents of
the Kingdom ; that, nevertheless, we had brought a copy of it with us,
and had it with us, and we offered to have it read.
But as some of the gentlemen declared that they had seen it, they
further desired that we should commit to writing the reasons against the
letters of marque, in order that they might the better present their
report.
We consented to do so, but on the express understanding that we
made no claims for ourselves, nor might we submit to any judicature
whatever, but that, for the rest, we would await His Majesty's gracious
reply.
Thereafter we immediately, that is, on the following morning, delivered
our reasons in writing to the said Commissioners.
On the same day we were at the Chancellor's, and declared to him
what had been transacted between us and the Commissioners, and that
we, according to their desire, had presented to them in writing our
arguments regarding the principal matter, that of the letters of mark ;
and we requested that the said Commissioners might be ordered to make
their report so that His Majesty might thereafter give us such a favour-
able reply and dismissal as was justly due to us, as well as to the
consequence and importance of our charge and commission.
The said Lord Chancellor replied very favourably, declaring that he
would recommend the expediting of our business.
On the same day also we visited the Ambassador of England who
resided there at Edinburgh, and gave him a summary account of what
had that day been done in the matter, and requested that he would
kindly recommend our business and commission to His Majesty, as well
as the early despatch thereof; since we did not doubt that Her Majesty
of England had ordered him to do so, and had written previously about
it at length to the King.
To this the Ambassador replied very favourably, that he had orders
from Her Majesty, his mistress, and that she would also willingly employ
him otherwise in our interests should he find our business founded on
right and equity ; adding that he was so certain of the graciousness and
justice of the King, and of his great zeal for the reformed religion, that
it was certain he could give us no other but a favourable and fruitful
answer.
The same evening we were visited by the afore-mentioned gentleman,
Joannes Sceineus, who declared to us that he, with his fellow-Commis-
sioners, had seen good to place our written statement in the hands of
Colonel Stuart, seeing that he wished to be heard against it, and that
apparently he intended to hand in a document to the contrary effect, so
1589] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 137
as to prolong the business to a great length, and detain us with our
ships of war. We answered that we had before declared and still de-
clare that we had no authority to enter into any lawsuit or discussion
with Stuart, or to reply to any of his writings. Yet we would not prevent
His Majesty and those of his Council from obtaining information regard-
ing our proposition and reasons from Colonel Stuart or in any other
fashion they pleased. That we, therefore, intended taking all the
responsibility of it on ourselves, to solicit and prosecute a reply from His
Majesty.
On the last day of the said month of May the said gentleman, Sceineus,
came again, telling us that Colonel Stuart had drawn up a certain writing,
first in Scotch, which was afterwards translated into Latin ; but that he,
having looked it over with the other Commissioners, had found it
irrelevant and otherwise unseemly, so much so that they had corrected
and altered it ; and it would have to be properly rewritten ; which would
be done within a day or two, and desiring that we should speak to my
lord the Chancellor about it, and pray him that the Commissioners might
have their audience. This we afterwards did, and continue to do, through
the afore-mentioned Adrianus Damannus.
Then, understanding in the meantime that the said Colonel Stuart was
talking loudly and boasting that we had been too late in stating our
reasons against the letters of marque he pretended to, inasmuch as they
liad already been granted in all due form, and that the King would not
now recall what he had done with the consent of the Estates, we went to
the Chancellor and again refreshed his Lordship's memory regarding the
reasons which we had laid before His Majesty on that subject ; and in
order that he might have something to show in writing, we gave the said
Lord Chancellor a document in French thereanent, in order that he
might be pleased, when the Report of the Commissioners should be
considered, also to make reference to it ; praying also for a final
dismissal.
In the meantime there came to us the Deputies of the towns, who
were assembled at Edinburgh with the clergy and nobles to welcome us,
and to assure us of their affection ; and that they wished nothing more
than to maintain good relations with the United Netherlands, in order to
preserve the freedom of the trade, which they intended not to have
obstructed ; and so far as they had intelligence as to our commission or
might by us be further informed, they would be glad that we should
make use of their services.
We, in return, thanked them, making similar protestation ; and,
further, declared that the object of our embassy was known to every one,
as tending to come to a settlement about certain pretended letters of
marque sought by Colonel Stuart, in order to obstruct free trade by
means of them, that we were commissioned to address ourselves to the
King on the subject ; that we had done so, and set forth at length our
reasons. That we had not had an opportunity of addressing these, save
to the Commissioners, whom His Majesty had appointed to meet us.
138 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1589
Praying none the less, that the said Deputies would be pleased to do all
in their power, not only to further the quick despatch of our business,
but also that a good and favourable answer might be obtained, all which
they did choose to perform.
The Deputies of the city of Edinburgh did in particular greet us ; and
on the next Sunday evening invited and very sumptuously entertained
us, as also previously the Ambassador of England had done, and after
him M. le Baron de Wynes [Wemyss ?], who had been in the service of
the King of Navarre, and who, to judge from appearances, was well
disposed to the States and, especially, His Excellency of Nassau.
Thereafter we learned that the Lord Chancellor had propounded our
business in the presence of the King and the Estates of the Kingdom at
the time assembled ; and that the said Estates had commissioned three
out of the clergy, three out of the gentlemen and nobles, and the deputies
of three towns, viz., Edinburgh, Tondien [Dundee?], and Glasco. And
while we regretted that this second appointment of other commissioners
had been made, we nevertheless thought good to request audience of the
said gentlemen, especially as we understood they had received full powers
from the King and the Estates. But seeing that they were also commis-
sioned to give a decision in regard to the deed of the gentlemen who had
taken up arms, as well as of the marriage of the king, a long time elapsed
before the said gentlemen could arrange to hear the Commissioners who
had negotiated with us. At last they heard them, and communicated
everything to the Session or Parliament of Scotland, who made no
further resolution than that the writing drawn up by the said Colonel
should be delivered to us, and that in regard to it we should say whatever
we deemed best. In especial, the treaties made between the Kings of
Scotland and the Princes of the Netherlands having been read by the
said gentlemen, they had found that these also spoke de militibus aut
stipendariis, and that as regards these letters of marque might also be
granted. While neither the King's Majesty, nor the said Commissioners
of the Estates, nor the members of the said Session, nor even the first
Commissioners made any objections to the said treaties, nor hinted that
they concerned only the Princes and not the States [Netherlands] ; but, on
the contrary, they plainly acknowledged that the said treaties were to
the advantage of the Provinces. His Majesty and the said gentlemen
likewise took the same attitude, and acknowledged the provinces as
allies and confederates.
And in so far as in the last contract made at Bins mention is made of
the soldiers, it is irrelevant, as the said treaty lays down, that in case the
paid soldiers of one side or the other be injured, in that case letters of mark
should be granted against the offending parties. But this has no relevancy
here ; for although Colonel Stuart and his regiment had been wronged,
which is not the case, that could not have befallen them as soldiers in
the service of the King of Scotland, as the said Stuart and his Regiment
were soldiers of this country.
And as we did not think it advisable to reply to the writing drawn up
1589] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 139
by the said Stuart, we were at last told that we would once again have
audience of the first Commissioners, except that in place of Sceineus,
who was engaged in the business of Denmark, would be substituted
Lintseus,1 a member of the Session or Parliament.
This was the reason that on the 13th of June we were again at the
Lord Chancellor's, complaining of the delays which were made in our
case ; and of being detained with the ships of war, which ought to be
serving the States in other affairs against the enemy. That we could not
comprehend how there was any need to hear us further, as we had
roundly and sincerely disclosed our commission, with the reasons for it.
That they were sufficient to show at once that the letters of marque had
been obtained by evil and underhand means ; and that the said Stuart
ought to have pursued, and still ought to pursue, his claims in the
Netherlands ; that we, nevertheless, would not refuse to receive such
reply or other writing, and the other documents which the said Stuart
had promised to hand over so as thereanent to report to our principals
and superiors ; especially since therein were contained many allegations,
and many documents were given, of which we had received no informa-
tion, nor could receive, seeing that Your Lordship had not seen them
before. That we, therefore, and for many other reasons, which we
mentioned, prayed that His Majesty would be pleased to give us final
dismission, and that the said Lord would be pleased to do his best to
obtain it. To which the said Chancellor replied that, as we declared
that we had no further instructions, he also thought that any further
audience or conference was unnecessary ; and that, accordingly, he
would report everything to the King, and obtain for us our final
dismission as soon as the King, who was gone for one or two days'
hunting, should return.
In the interval there was delivered to us the writing of Stuart, as well
as various documents which he thinks serve his purpose ; of which, on
the one hand, he gave us a memorandum in his own handwriting, and,
on the other hand, we made a certain inventory.
And as some of the said documents are original, we acknowledged
faithfully that they had emanated from the States-General ; but declared
that they were irrelevant, for reasons stated by us at length.
The said Colonel Stuart founded greatly on certain contracts of the
22nd and 23rd, made in Delft in the year 1580 ; and said that in virtue
of them he had been drawn from a very good garrison of the State of
Brussels, through remaining in which he would certainly have received
his payment, and that he was quartered in a vile place, viz., at
Vilvoorden.
That in these United Netherlands were many rich and powerful
merchants, and that this was a greater reason that each of them should
give something to pay his valid arrears rather than that he and his
regiment, and many widows and orphans, should any longer be dis-
1 John Lindsay, parson of Menmuir, a Senator of the College of Justice, father
of first Lord Lindsay of Balcarras.
140 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1589
appointed. That he would not like to take up arms against those whom
he had so long1 helped to protect; and that he hoped that no cause
would be given him to do so ; with other reasons of the same kind.
The King having returned did through Mr. Melville recommend to us
the widow and orphans of Henry Balfour ; and the present husband of
the said widow and a brother of the said Balfour,1 with his two children,
came to us, and delivered to us a copy of the record of their claims. We
replied to them that we had no instructions with regard to those and
other similar matters, but that, nevertheless, in order to please His
Majesty, and in consideration of the faithful services rendered by the
said late Henry Balfour to the country, we would be very willing to
make a favourable report.
Thereafter, namely on the 17th of the said month, after several solici-
tations, and after the Ambassador of the Queen of England had spoken
to the King in reference to our business and recommended to him a
speedy settlement thereof, the King sent for us, to give us our reply and
final dismission. On that occasion we appeared before the King in the
Presence-Chamber, in the afternoon at two o'clock ; and after due
homage and reverence, we summarily recounted what had up to the
present been done by us, and said that we were expecting nothing else
from His Majesty than a gracious reply, in accordance with the proposi-
tion made by us and what was just and reasonable, and as was expected by
us from our firm confidence in His Majesty's wisdom and prudence. We
also added the recommendation of the State of this country, and the
offer of every possible and humble service.
To which His Majesty gave us a reply and dismission in the form
recorded in writing. But as we found a grievance in the period of two
months, we explained to His Majesty that we hoped, notwithstanding,
that it was not His Majesty's intention to bind our principals to it
strictly. His Majesty furthered declared that he would not make a
point of that, and he desired to be advised of further resolutions as soon
as possible after the expiry of said time, wind and weather serving.
The said Stuart having been informed of this answer, complained that
His Majesty had granted two months, after we should have given in our
report and been discharged from our commission. And this, when His
Majesty, to please the said Stuart, as we also took care to do in the
missive written to their Highnesses the Estates, and which we take back
with us, altered many things, as is plain from the tenour of the said
missive and from said verbal answers and dismission.
On the following day we took leave of the Chancellor, commanding to
him the affairs of these lands.
And seeing that, during all the time that we were in Scotland, we had
received no tidings of the six horses which we had been ordered to
present to His Majesty, and that, nevertheless, everywhere at Edinburgh
1 Duncan Balfour, formerly an archer of the Scots Guard in France, and
younger brother of Colonel Henry Balfour, was in 1582 tutor to his sons William
and Henry. He is described in 1592 as 'bailie in St. Andrews, brother to
Colonel Bartilmo Balfour.'
1589] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 141
as well as Leith, there was a report that we were commissioned to present
His Majesty with some horses, and that the King and all the Court had
information about it, we saw fit to explain the circumstances briefly to
the Lord Chancellor, namely that the horses had been shipped in another
quarter, and that the orders about them had been given to Captain
Balfour, in order that the said Lord Chancellor might kindly excuse us
to the King, as we did not doubt that the horses would (save for possible
accident at sea or otherwise) arrive very soon. The Lord Chancellor
replied that he would always hold the affairs of these lands in favourable
recommendation, and that the King, his lord and master, would also be
pleased to do the same in all conceivable circumstances, not only on
account of the common trade and religion, as well as their relations as
neighbours, but also on account of the treaty which the Queen of
England had made with our Lands, taken in connection with the claim
which he had to the succession to the Crown of England. The Lord
Chancellor made no remark about what we had said regarding the
horses ; and we then took our leave.
Thereafter, we went to Leith on the following day, to embark with
the first favourable wind.
There the Deputies of the city of Edinburgh came to see us, and
explained that they had been charged to bid us farewell in Edinburgh ;
but as we had left, they had followed us up chiefly to assure us that the
city of Edinburgh had no other wish than, along with the other towns
of the kingdom, to maintain good relations with the United Netherlands ;
and to preserve free navigation and traffic. Further, that some grievances
had been laid before them by their citizens, whose goods had been seized
at sea, as related in the declaration which they handed to us, and they
besought that, at the earliest convenience of the country, the matter
might be attended to, in such a way as to lead to the reparation of the
damage suffered by their citizens. We replied that they might be
assured that on the part of the United Provinces the most cordial
relations would always be maintained, and that, further, we would not
be unwilling to report about the said grievances ; but that we were not
authorised to receive any complaints or grievances, as we had only been
sent to point out the great wrong which Colonel Stuart was seeking to
do to the Confederated Provinces, in virtue of certain pretended letters
of marque of his, not only to the prejudice of the said lands but also of
the citizens of the said kingdom, as the free mutual intercourse and
traffic would thereby be entirely hindered and ruined ; desiring, as had
been promised us before by the said city of Edinburgh and other towns,
that they would always do their utmost to prevent it, and that the
inconveniences, which would thence arise, might be averted.
And, as the wind became favourable, we embarked on the same day
about ten o'clock, and, with favourable wind and weather, arrived on the
2Gth, early in the morning, at nine o'clock, in the harbour of Flushing.
(s.) JAN VAN DE WARCK.
LEONARD VOOGHT.
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1593
of State.
Visit of WILLIAM STEWART, as Ambassador from the King of
Scotland, to the STATES- GENERAL.
Resolutions 1593, April 19. — Mr. Stuart having come as Ambassador
of the Council with credentials from the King of Scotland, both to the States-
General and to the Council of State, and having delivered
them, and communicated orally the substance of his charge,
it was thereon replied to him, that they were sorry to hear of
difficulties in the affairs of Scotland and of the King, but were
glad to know that things are now better ; that they begged to
thank him for the trouble he took to communicate this to
them ; that they will commit his proposal to writing, in order
the better to attend to what he says should be done in refer-
ence to his principal instruction ; then they requested from
him a copy of it alone.
Council of
State.
1593, June 17. — Having deliberated on what was done
yesterday, in the business of Ambassador Stuart, it was re-
solved, that the said Stuart be induced to come to the
Council, in order that his more extended knowledge may be
at their service. Whereupon, having come to the Council, he
declared, that in so far as the foresaid troubles in Scotland are
concerned, that the same will appear clearer, from the deposi-
tion of a nobleman in Scotland, lately executed ; which
deposition translated, he handed over some time ago, to the
Advocate of Holland, Barneveldt. And as to the affairs of
Germany, he declares, that the King of Scotland being in
Denmark, had proposed there, that peace might be made
between the King of Spain and other Kings and Potentates
and Republics, having an interest in the religion. But should
such not be achieved, that as a counterpoise to the King of
Spain's ambition for monarchy, a counter-league made with
the Princes of Germany was needed, to whom he, Stuart, says
that he has been sent. He says that he found the said Princes
very favourably disposed, and that being sent chiefly to the
Elector of Saxony, he also showed himself very favourable, but
persisted in the opinion that the Elected Princes were by their
1593] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 143
oath prohibited from entering into any league without the
Emperor; but that he, as well as the other Princes, would
give every assistance to the league existing between the King
of Scotland and Denmark, and also at need stand by the King
of France, and help in action. Further, offering to hand over
the deposition of the executed nobleman to the Council, if
they could not get that of the Advocate of Holland. After-
wards he gave in writing the names of the Princes of Germany,
to whom he had been sent — the King of Denmark, the Elector
of Saxony, of Brandenburg, the Pfaltz, Count of Brunswick,
of Wurtemberg, of Pommeren, of Hesse, of Mecklenburg
d'Anhalt, of Luneburgh, the Administrator of Magdenburg,
the Duke Jan Casimir.
1593, July 3. — Stuart delivered his credentials, in which Resolutions
much was written about the intrigues of the Jesuits in Scot-
land, with a proposal for forming a Protestant counter-league
against Spain and the Pope.
[The ' Instruction pour le loial et bien ayme Conseiller
Guillaume [Stuart] Commandeur de Pettywane, dirige a Mrs
les Estats Generaux et Conseillers d'Estats des Provinces
Unies,' and the Answer of the States to the King, dated 7th
July 1593, contain nothing directly relating to the Scots
troops, except the following references to Colonel Stuart's
claims.]
Extract from the Instructions.
'Quant a son particulier nous esperons que tant pour le
regard de noz requestes que a cause de ses merites vous y don-
nerez si bon ordre que tout en sortira a son contentement :
que nous sera tant agreable que daultant plus vous accroisterez
nostre affection a ladvanchement de voz affaires dont vous avez
particulierement preuve en la permission de faire levee et
transport de noz subiectz soubz la charge et conduite de nostre
conseillier pour vous en servir par dela selon vostre requeste,
que ne octroierions point si amplement voluntiers a daultres
sans son advis.'
144 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1593
Extract from the Reply of the States
" Pour aultant que louche le particulier dudict Sieur Ambas-
sadeurr lesditz Estats ne veuillent pas doubter, ou sa Mate
considerant meurement les raisons continues en leur responce,
et lettres escriptes a sa Mate le douziesme de Novembre qualtre
vingtz et dix, s'en contentera et acceptera lune ou lautre pre-
sentation.1
19 July. — On the request of the States- General to have
advice touching the private claims of the Mr Ambassador
Stuart; the Council has declared as their advice that their
Highnesses should account the business and request of the
said Stuart of very great importance, and of peculiar conse-
quence ; and therefore the Council find it difficult to come to
a resolution thereanent. But since a beginning of negotiations
with the said Steuart has already been made, the Council
would advise that it might not be inexpedient, if they could
make an agreement with him, for fifty or sixty thousand
pounds (to be assigned to him on the income of Brabant at
long terms, said contribution, however, would, on account
of its being garrisoned by the enemy, be likely to come in
even very sparely. Provided it take place as secretly as could
possibly be managed, as, for instance, through a third person ;
and that he, Mr. Stuart, should promise on oath to keep the
same secret, and not reveal it, should also deliver up the
letters of marque, and bind himself and promise not to annoy
or oppress the inhabitants of the Province, in any way, because
of this.
July 21. — The Messieurs van Oldenbarnevelt, Vooght, and
van de Warck report, that according to the resolution of the
States, they have again been in conference and communication
with Colonel Stuart, Ambassador of the King of Scotland.
And, finally, after many troubles and difficulties, have come to
an agreement with the same, to pay him the sum of 56,000
guilders in all — 14,000 of it in ready money, and thenceforth
from year to year — likewise 14,000 guilders ; the conditions to
be drawn up later in writing, and afterwards inserted ; and,
further, the said Lords Deputes have told him, that his hotel
1593] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 145
expenses are to be defrayed at the Lands' expense, to the
extent of ^2400 ; and over and above he is to be complimented
with a gold chain.
1593, July 21. — Read and fixed the act of transaction made
between the Lords General States and the Colonel Stuart,
Ambassador of the King of Scotland.
' Comme il ait pleu au Roy d'Escosse, d'envoier par decha vers
Messieurs les Estats Generaux des Provinces Unies des Pays-
bas, le Sr Guillaume Stouart, son Conseiller et Commandataire
de Pettewie pour son Ambassadeur, afin de leur faire ouverture
de sa part de certaine pointz concernants Testat publicq qu'il
luy avoit donne en charge. Aiant sa de Majt6 aussy recom-
mande aux dts Sieurs Estats les pretensions particulieres du dit
Sr Ambassadeur, au regard desquelles les deputez des dits
Estats avoient par plusieurs fois estez en communication et
conference avecq luy et sont finalement, apres plusieurs diffi-
cultez representees de part et d'aultre, tombez d'accord en la
maniere que s'ensuit. Scavoir, que le dit Sr Guillaume Stouart
promettra, comme il promet par cestes, pour le regard que les
dites provinces unies, scavoir Gueldres, Hollande, Zelande,
Utrecht, Frise et Overyssel, ont tousjours soustenu qu'elles ne
sont aucunement obligees pour les services faictz par dela la
Meuse, qu'il ne demandera rien aux provinces unies pour soy,
ses capitaines, officiers et soldats du service par eux faict es pays
bas avant le premier de Mars xvc soixante dix noeufF, mais en
reservera son action contre les aultres provinces qui se sont
separees et tiennent presentement encores le partie de Tennemy,
tenant les dites provinces deschargees pour aultant que besoing
soit de tout ce que pour luy ses haultz Officiers et aultres de
sa Compagnie Colonelle pourroit estre pretendu du dit service
et des obligations qui en ont este pour ce donner et oultre ce
le dit Sr Stuart a faict transport irrevocable aux Srs Estats et
a leur prouffict propre, comme il le faict encores par cestes, les
sommes cy dessoubz expressees, afin qu'ilz les pourroient re-
couvrer des dites aultres Provinces separees par telles voies
qu'ilz trouveront convenir assavoir les arrierages de son traicte-
ment de colonel et de ces haultz officiers montantes quarante-
ung mille six cens septante deux florins :
K
146 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1593
6 Item de sa Compagnie Colonnelle soixante six mille cent et
seize florins.
' De celle du Capn Jacques Stuart mille huit cent quarante
huict florins : et
6 d'Andrieu Stuart mille huict cents cinquante neuf florins,
6 Du Capn Tamson dix noeuff mille noeuff cens trente neufF
florins.
6 et du Cap" Anstruches quinze mille cinq cens soixante deux
florins.
' Revenant ensemble a la somme de Cent soixante trois mille
florins respectivement pour tout le temps de leur service depuis
le premier de Mars 1579 jusques au jour qu'ilz ont ete licenties.
Aiant a ceste fin Iceluy Sr Stuart promis comme il promet par
cestes de faire tenir aux Srs Estats et de laisser en leurs mains
les originelles lettres de represaille contenants la somme de
six cens et quatre vingtz mile florins qu*il a obtenus sur son
nom et les Capitaines de son Regiment de Sa Mat6 d'Escosse
avecq tous les aultres enseignemens aux dites lettres servantes,
dedans le terme de six mois prochainement venants, les tenant
des a present pour cassees et annullees, sans que en vertu
d'Icelles ou aultres semblables on pourra pretendre aucune
chose desdits srs Estats ou les manans et inhabitans des dites
provinces unies en aucune maniere. Comme de faict aussy le
Sr Stuart est tenu de delivrer aux Estats 1'accord faict a Delff
au mois de Janvier Tan quatre vingtz et ung avec tous les
escomptes qu*il a des debtes et services y dessus specificiees.
Promestant par cestes ulterieurement de tenir la main vers le
Roy d'Escosse que nulles lettres de represaille soient doresna-
vant accordees au prouffit de qui que ce soit et qu'il aura
tousiours les affaires des dites provinces en bonne recommenda-
tion. Et movemant ce que dessus ont les ditz Srs Estats pour
le respect qu'ilz portent a sa dite Mat6 d'Escosse et le desir
qu'ilz ont a luy faire service, ensemble de complaire a la nation
Escossoise et de traicter avecz le dit Sr Guill6 Stuart raisonable-
ment, estez contens de promettre comme ilz promettent par
cestes de furnir et faire compter a iceluy Sr Guillaume Stuart
ou a ses aians cause sans aucune defalcation et francq de tous
arrestz pour le regard des personnes qui demeurent et se
trouvent presentement hors desdites provinces unies et aultres
1593] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 147
de la nation Escossaise qui ont fait service soubz sa charge,
la somme de cinq six mille florins de quarante gros pieces, les
quastorze mille contant et d'an en an encores quartorze mille
florins jusques a la parpaie de la somme de 56,000 florins, la-
quelle ils ont assignee et assignent par ces presentes sur leur
Receveur general Philippe Doublet et tel aultre qui pourroit
succeder en sa place afin de faire le d* paiement aux termes que
dessus, selon les quatre ordonnances qui en seront depesches
et delivres au Sr Stuart. Obligeans les ditz Srs Estats pour
Taccomplissement et furnissement de ce que dessus tous et
chacuns les biens et revenus des dites provinces unies, et le Sr
Guillaume Stuart sa personne et tous ses biens presens et ad-
venir. Remercians respectivement a toutes exceptions et subter-
fuges au contraire, et generalement a Texeption partante que
generale exeption n'a poinct de lieu si la speciale ne precede.
En tesmoing de ce ont les dits Srs Estats ceste faict signer par
leur Greffier et cacheter de leur cachet ordinaire et a luy Sr
Guillaume Stuart signe et cachete la presente de son nom et
armes. La vingtiesme de Juillet Tan mil cincz cens quatre
vingt et treize. Soubzcript par ordonnance des ditz Srs Estats,
signe C. Aerssens, et cachette de leur cachet. Etoit aussy
signe William Stuart et cachete de son cachet.'
July 28. — It is found expedient that there be sent to the
Agent Caron, the copy of the proposal made by Colonel Stuart,
Ambassador of the King of Scotland ; also of the replies made
to the said Stuart. Also as to the transaction, which was
entered into with his Excy, regarding his private pretensions.
And he be told by letter, that he must hear how the said
replies shall taste there and be taken up and endured. And
it being understood that the said Stuart desires to journey
through England to Scotland, his Excy shall (on being re-
quested) direct further and assist, so far as lies in his power,
the business on which his Excy was sent hither by the king ;
and shall further assist himself with the arguments inserted in
the foresaid transaction, and so far as he may understand that
in England this transaction is likely to be used as a precedent in
respect to others who likewise may have served these Lands.
July 29. — Mr. Ambassador Stuart came to take leave of
the Council, thanking them for the good resolution which the
148
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1593
Council had come to by the States-General, as well as in refer-
ence to what he proposed, on the part of the King of Scotland,
as to his own private affairs ; promising to give a good report
of all, and to commend the affairs of these Lands very strongly
to His Majesty. And as to his person, he proffered all good
affection and service. He was thanked for the trouble he
took, and the affairs of these Lands were commended to him,
and he was also requested to make good report on everything
to His Majesty ; with the offer to be good neighbours with His
Majesty, and hold his Person in good commendation.
Book of In-
structions
given by
States-
General.
From the ' Second and Secret Instructions Jor Adrian Damman.''
[In January 1594 Adrian Damman l was appointed Agent
for the States at the Scottish Court. In his Secret Instruc-
tions occurs the following passage, illustrating the value of the
Scottish troops, and the conditions of their earlier service :]
' It having been the case for some time that proposals have
to be made in regard to the service of the soldiers of the
Scottish nation in these lands, you are to endeavour to give good
information on their employment here, being every way pro-
fitable to His Majesty and the kingdom of Scotland, and that
they have voluntarily entered the service of these Lands, and
that no proposal shall be directly or indirectly entertained by
which they shall in any way be led into anything against
their will, or anywise be hindered in their service, which would
be to the great disadvantage of the common Christian interests,
and to the lessening of the honour of the Scottish nation, as
well as of the favour in which it is held in these Lands. You
are to assure them that not only the foreign nations, who are
in the service of these lands, but even the inhabitants of this
land are not better treated here than the Scotch have been
treated during recent years, but that it is impossible during
the troublesome and difficult wars to satisfy everybody accord-
ing to his desire.
1 Damman made himself most agreeable to King James, and not only to him,
for, the usual order of things in the incidental alliances which accompanied the
national co-operation being reversed, there occurs among the list of pensions in
1609, ' Lady Margaret Stuard, widow of Agent Damman.'
1594] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 149
' You are further to endeavour to make them clearly under-
stand over there the difference that exists between the States-
General of the United Provinces who are at present carrying
on war with the common enemy, and the States-General of the
Netherlands who on the Pacification of Ghent carried on war
for some years with the common enemy, in order that it may be
clearly understood that the United Provinces are not implicated
in the debts of the States-General of the Netherlands for
services rendered in Brabant, Flanders, Artois, and Hene-
gouwe. That the confederated or United Provinces after the
Union effected at Utrecht divided their government on the
east side of the Maas, and have kept it separate from the
Government of Brabant, Flanders, etc. That all documents
and verifications of what has passed in the government of
Brabant and Flanders have remained there, and that this
government has no knowledge of it.
4 You are on every occasion to inform us of all occurrences
that concern the state of this country, and communicate all
secret business in cipher or in some other secret and secure
way. Dated, January 4th, 1594.'
[In June 1594, Sir William Keith, gentleman of the King's
Chamber, and Captain William Murray, Provost of St.
Andrews, arrived at the Hague on a special embassy from King
James. On 6th June they presented a letter to the States-
General, which contained the following passage relating to the
services of the Scottish troops :]
'Finalement il souvient a Mess, que par la permission et Resolutions
i o it r * 11 i • . of toe States-
conge obtenu de Sa Mate un grand nombre de ses subiectz ont General.
ete transportez par deca pour leur service, auquel beaucoup
ayans finy leurs jours, ceux qui restent soubz la charge de
Mess, estans employez comme Messieurs trouvent expedient
a Thazard de leurs vies journellement et aultres demeurans en
Escosse comme vieulx, orphelins et ceux qui sont faict'inhabiles
par la guerre se plaignant a la Mat6 de leur mauvais traictement
et dilay du payement, Sa Mat6 se voyant journellement fasche
par leurs grievs complaints et estant touche d'une pitie
naturelle envers ses subiectz a trouve bon de recommander
iceux a voz Seign. et qu'il plairoit a Mess, apres avoir compte
150 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
avec les capitaines et commandeurs, les dormer tel contente-
ment de leur , come leur fidel service a merite, et la
requeste de sa Mat6 faict par nous en son nom peuvent procurer.
Recommandant en particulier les affaires de Capne Witschart,
et ceux quy nous avons en charge pour recommander par bouche.
Signe W. Keith, W. Murray.1
[The letter addressed to King James by the States- General
on 28th June 1594, conveying their congratulations on the
birth of the Prince of Scotland, contains no reference to the
Scots troops in their service.
The representations made by the Ambassadors were, however,
referred to in the answer of the States-General to the King
dated 1st July 1594, as follows :]
6 Quant au pretendu payement des services faictz a ces pays
par quelques ungs de la nation Escossoises, Lesditz Estatz
asseurent sa dicte Mte que telz ses subiectz ont este traictez si
favorablement par deca pour le regard dudict payement que
aulcuns aultres de quelle nation ilz ayent estez, mesmes beau-
coup mieux que aucun de ces pays et que pour ladvenir tandiz
quilz seront en leurs service ilz continueront a leur donner
contentement selon que sera convenu avec iceux, et la disposi-
tion de leurs affaires le pourra aucunement permettre. Ainsy
que nommement a aussy este faict au Capne Witssart pour le
regard de ce que luy pourroit competer de la Generalite estant
en quil pretend ulterieurement de la ville du Bommel une chose
particuliere quy ne touche aux Estats recommanderont neant-
moins tres voluntiers son faict au Magistrat dicelle ville affin
quilz luy donnent tel contentement comme en raison et
equite ilz trouveront convenir. . . .'
July 5. — On the request of Margaret Penicuik, widow of
Andrew Murisson, Scotsman, brought over and recommended
by the Lords Ambassadors of Scotland, it is appointed :
Combien que les Etats Generaux des Provinces Unies des
Pays Ba» ne sont en aucune maniere tenus au payement du
pretendu de la suppliante, si ont ilz toutefois par pure com-
miseration faict presenter a Icelle, comme Ilz presentent encore,
la somme de cent florins une fois, saulf qu'elle promecte de
ne les plus molester.
On the request of William Hunter de Menhal about pre-
1594] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 151
venting him holding transfer from the widow of David Treyl
[Trail] over the service arrears of the same, likewise brought
over and recommended by. the foresaid ambassadors it is
appointed :
Les Etats Generaux des Provinces Unies des Pays Bas,
aians examime le contenu de ceste requeste, declarent que
apres le deces ' de feu le capitaine David Treyl, aiant sa
veufe faicte poursuite pour le payement des arrierages des
services du d. son mary, Icelle a este grand ement favorisee,
tellement que pour ceste consideration et que lad. veufe est
natifve de ces pays, elle ne debuoit ny peult faire aucun trans-
port valide de semblable action a quelqu*un estranger au
prejudice de Testat ains patienter, comme aultres et la garder
plustost pour une assurance du douaire promis a Icelle par
led. feu Capitaine David Treyl.
On the request of Alexander Wishart, brought over as afore-
said, it is appointed:
Les Etats Generaux etc. aians examine cette deuxieme re-
queste du suppliant, declarent qu'ilz luy ont presente, comme
ilz le font encores, de recommander ses affaires au Magistrat de
la ville de Bommel, affin de luy donner tout raison de contente-
ment, comme estant un faict particulier qui aultrement ne
leur touche. Si neanmoins il ne se contente avec ceste de-
claration, ains ayme mieux poursuivre sa pretension contre le
Magistrat ou quelques autres particuliers par voie de justice,
sont aussy contens de recommander a la cour ou Magistrat,
ou il conviendrat, que brieve et bonne justice luy soit ad-
ministree, selon que en droict et equite sera trouve convenir
au pretendant quelque action particuliere contre les Estats
de Hollande, de Zelande, s'il la desire poursuivre les ditz
Estats generaux luy feront toute Taddresse a eux possible, la
et ainsy qu'il sera besoing.
July 5. — Received a letter from the King of Scotland, dated
at Edinburgh the last day of April, in favour of the widow
of Walter Cant, heir of the late Captain David Cant, in order
that the same should receive arrears of payment for services of
said captain.
Item. Another letter from the foresaid king, dated at St.
152 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
Croix [Holyrood] the 8th May, in favour of the son of the late
Captain William Renton who formerly served the Lands in
Brabant, regarding arrears of payment for the services of the
same.
The Lords Ambassadors of Scotland handed over a certain
written statement, of which the tenor, hereafter inserted,
follows :
( A Messieurs les Estats generaux des Provinces Unies des
Pays Bas.
4 Les Ambassadeurs de Sa Majeste d'Escosse, estant en charge,
tant par leur commission que par credence, de recommander
au nom de Sa Maj6 a vos Seigneuries le contentement et satis-
faction de ses subiectz, aiant faict service en ces Pays bas, et
considere plusieurs difficultez qui se peuvent mouvoir en la
liquidation d^icelles debtes, a raison qu'elles sont de diverses
natures, prient de pouvoir entendre par escript Tintention de
voz Sies sur les pointz suyvans.
' Scavoir, comment ilz entendent de traicter ceux qui sont en
arriere pour le service faict par dela la Meuse, avant la ren-
dition cTAnvers, si comme les heritiers de feu Henry Balfour,
colonel, et de feu capitaine Renton, avecq leurs semblables,
tant vefues que aultrement.
'Es comme ilz entendent avec ceux qui ont faict service par
dela la Meuse depuis la rendition d'Anvers, si comme les
heritiers de feu Capitaine David Treyl et leurs semblables, a
ce qu'ilz puissent donner contentement a Sa Maj6 sur ce faict.'
Answer of the States- General
Which writing being read, it is thereafter resolved as
follows :
1594, July 5. — Les Estates Generaux des Provinces Unies
des Pays Bas, pour satisfaire a la requisition de Messieurs les
Ambassadeurs du serenissime Roy d'Escosse, declarent sur les
deux points de cest escript, qu^ilz ont tousiours soustenuz et
par plusieurs lettres et escripts remonstre aud. Sme Roy, mesme
par Fenvoy de leurs deputez en Escosse, que les dites Provinces
Unies n'estoient aucunement tenues paier aucunes debtes, si
peu des services des gens de guerre que aultres faicts et con-
tractez par dela la Meuse, pour les raisons par eux amplement
1594] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 153
et largement deduites et alleguees centre les pretensions du Sr
Guillaume Stuart et aultres, lesquelles Ilz s'asseurent que Sa
Mate aura advoues, tellement que les pretendans denommez en
ce premier point dud. escript, s'en doibvent contenter sans
qu'ilz ont matiere de pretendre quelque chose contre eux pour
les services faictz par dela la Meuze.
Sur le IIe. — II a este convenu et accorde sur quelques con-
ditions et articles avecq les Capitaines Escossais, sur lesquelz
ils sont entrez avec leurs compagnies au service du pays par
de£a la Meuze, lesquels leur ont aussy este tenuz et satisfaictz,
comme ilz le seront encores tandiz qu^ilz seront au service
desditz Estats, en tant que la disposition de Testat le pourra
aucunement permectre. Et pour le regard des arrierages en
sera use comme font tous Roys, Princes, Potentatz et aultres
Republicques, en reservants les payemens d^icelles jusques a
la fin de la guerre, bien entendu advenant qu^il y eult aucun
des capitaines qui, ne pouvant attendre ce temps, se presentoit
laisser traicter raisonnablement et qu^il y eut quelques con-
siderations particulieres pour lesquelles on les pourroit ac-
comoder. Les ditz Estatz monstreront en tel evenement aux
Escossois, comme ilz ont tousiours faict plus de faveur que a
aucune aultre nation.
1594, July 5. — On the report made by the Advocate Olden-
barnevelt and the Recorder Aerssen, that they, on the footing
of the foregoing proposal and intentions of the States, as to
which they had a charge committed to them, fully carried out
the transaction about the payment of accounts which was
made with Sir William Murray, Ambassador of the King of
Scotland in Antwerp, the 10 September "83, he being Captain
of a Company of Scots, and to be paid for the services done
by him and said Company since the 4 March 1582 till the last
of August 1583 ; said account amounting to the sum of
twelve thousand and two pounds, ten shillings, and ten pence,
on the same footing as the transaction with Colonel Stuart,
viz. for the eight and a half pence, a sum amounting to
fourteen hundred and twenty-three pounds, fifteen shillings,
and three pence, and over and above, as a complement to the
sum of altogether two thousand pounds ; a deed of transac-
tion being drawn up was now read and signed by the foresaid
154 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
Captain Murray, in so far as it may please the States to
approve and agree to the same.
The foregoing transaction having been read, the same was
approved and ratified, and it was resolved that the Receiver-
General should be commissioned by two injunctions to pay
the said two thousand pounds out of the moneys received by
him from the contributions of the Provinces. The foresaid
c£J1423, 15 s. 3 p. in discharge of the foresaid account, and
the balance of the said £2000 to be employed for certain
services to the advantage of the Land, and in such manner
that on both sides it is promised that the matter shall be kept
secret.
[The States, who had been invited by King James to act as
sponsors at the baptism of his son, sent Walraven, Lord of
Brederode, and Mr. Jacob Valcke, Treasurer-General of Zea-
land, to represent them at the ceremony.1 Their instructions,
dated 19th July, contained nothing relative to the Scottish
troops, but their Report, given on 7th November, on their
return to Holland, contains several allusions to the officers,
and is of such general interest that it is given in full.]
Resolutions 1594, November 7. — In a meeting of the Sovereign States-
of Holland. General a report was made by the Lord of Brederode and the
Treasurer Jacob Valck, of how they had fared in their Legation
in Scotland, and thereanent they communicated their official
statement as follows : —
RELATION of what happened and was experienced by us the undersigned
Ambassadors of my Lords the States-General to His Royal Majesty
of Scotland, in and during our legation, from day to day, following
the new style.
It having pleased my Lords the States-General aforesaid to commission
us Walrauen, Lord of Brederode, etc. , and Jacob Valcke, Treasurer of
Zeeland, to travel to the King of Scotland, James the Sixth of that name,
with Credentials and Instructions consisting in three principal points :
1 These ambassadors carried ' magnificent presents to the infant prince, and
an annual pension for life, the contract for which was presented in a gold box.
. . . On the departure of the ambassadors, 1500 Scots were sent over to Holland
to augment the Brigade. '— Hist. Acct. For a full account of the ceremony see
Calderwood's Historie, vol. v. p. 342.
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 155
to wit, in order to assist at the baptism of the young Prince of Scotland,
to renew the old alliances and friendships between Scotland and these
Lands and to negotiate a secret treaty with the other Princes against the
usurpations of the Spaniards in such manner as stands more fully related
in the prescribed Instruction. So it came about that on the first of
August fifteen hundred and ninety-four, after having taken leave of my
Lords the States-General, and having received our despatches and neces-
saries, we left the Hague for Veere, arriving there on the third, and as we
did not find the ship named The Dolphin there, and also learnt that the
captains of the two pinnances were at Zierikzee, we wrote to them respec-
tively, and the following day both the captain of The Dolphin with his ship
and the other captains there put in an appearance, and thereafter they got
everything so prepared that they were ready to sail with the first favour-
able wind : so indeed we embarked on Monday the eighth of August and
under God's protection set sail, encountering a variety of wind, weather,
and other occurrences, but making such progress that we arrived on
Saturday the thirteenth of August in the roadstead of Leith in Scotland :
then it must also be told that in the interval an accident happened to the
two pinnances of our voyage, they having run against each other and
damaged each other, and that not without great danger. On the
thirteenth foresaid, seeing we could not for lack of wind and tide come
ashore, there came to us first the Agent Dammen and thereafter these
gentlemen, Mr. John Scheneus, Advocate Fiscal of the King and Coun-
sellor to the Queen, Mr. Robert Deneston, Keeper of Veere [Campvere],
and Mr. David Lindesay, minister of Leith, with four of the King's
trumpeters : and after having congratulated us on our arrival, in a good
oration in Latin, embracing considerations concerning the new-born
prince, and this having been briefly replied to by us, we stepped into their
boat with this company and rowed to land, where on the shore waiting for
us and receiving us we found the Lord Baron of Carmicle, chief equerry to
His Majesty, and the gentleman James Melvin, knight, steward and coun-
sellor to His Majesty, with nineteen of the King's horses : which gentle-
men, after demonstration of our being welcome took horse to Leith and
we likewise, and then to the inn, and were conducted to bedchambers
since dinner was being prepared on the part of the King, and we were
requested still to remain a day there at the King's expense, and while
doing so, we advised my Lords the States-General of our arrival.
On the fourteenth of August, being Sunday, we were conducted by the
foresaid gentlemen and the magistrates to the preaching, where places
were provided for us with spreads and cushions of velvet, and the preach-
ing in Scotch being ended, the minister, after exhortation to the people
in reference to us, addressed himself to us in the French language,
thanking us in the name of the church for the honour of our presence,
and then he briefly repeated the substance of his preaching, and we
remained and lodged at Leith that day, as the lodgings at Edemburgh
could not yet be got in order : we sent accordingly the steward Baten-
burgh to Edemburgh to make provision for the kitchen, but he reported
156 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
that he had been told by the counsellor of the King that this was not
necessary, that provision was made on the part of the King, and that he
was commissioned not to allow anything other to be done or come to pass.
On the fifteenth about midday, after dinner, there came to salute us,
besides the foresaid gentlemen, the Lord Steuardt Prior of Planterre
[Blantyre] and Counsellor of the King, the Provost of the town of Edem-
burgh, William Hume, with the Baron of Carmicle and others, and they
convoyed us with the King's horses and brought us into Edemburgh to
our lodgings and bedchambers with manifold and often reiterated proffers
of every good thing ; and declaring our coming to be so welcome, yea !
more welcome than that of any other ambassadors, both to His Majesty,
and also to the nobility, the church, and the commons, hoping from it
some special virtue and service to the religion and the common cause :
and further as to defrayment it has been provided for most excellently,
along with all means for compliments and courtesies.
On the sixteenth of August we found good to proffer our greetings to the
Lords Ambassadors of England and Denmark respectively, and to declare
that we should willingly come and greet their excellencies, but considering
that this might be other than welcome before we should have had an
audience of His Majesty, beg that the delay be looked upon in the best
light by their excellencies, and so also that apology was accepted.
The same day came to greet us the ministers and church council of the
town, very heartily testifying their gladness and pleasure in our coming
and therethrough hoping and expecting much good, etc.
The same day we received a letter from the King through Captain de
Lachy [Dallachy], and which is submitted among the documents belong-
ing to this legation. It is written with his own hand and the contents
bear how pleasant our coming was to His Majesty, and excuses himself
for not more quickly coming to see us.
On the seventeenth some of the forementioned gentlemen along with
the Bailies and others of the magistracy came and fetched us and con-
ducted us to the preaching escorted by twelve hallebardiers, etc.
On the eighteenth as it was announced to us that the Ambassador of
England, Sir Boows [Mr. Bowes] by name, along with those of Denmark,
respectively desired to greet us, we sent to the said Lords respectively
excusing ourselves on the ground that we following our devoir did not
come and greet their excellencies before having had an Audience of the
King, which their excellencies respectively took in good part, and did
thank us with proffers of all good, and expressing great desire to enter
into conversation with us. Similarly also it happened with regard to the
Ambassador of Mecklenburgh and Brunswick, and he of Mecklenburgh
sent his compliments to us desiring that he might go and see the ships of
my Lords the States (that we came over in), which could not yet con-
veniently be done, as said ships were under repair in the harbour of Leith.
On the twentieth the Lord Chancellor of the kingdom, Metallamus
[Maitland] (having come in late the evening before from his house to
Edemburgh), gave us to understand that he would come and greet us, and
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 157
although we had desired ourselves to have done that devoir towards his
lordship, he was pleased not to suffer it, and came to us at our lodging, and
after reciprocal greetings and welcomes he entered upon discourse about
the condition of the United Provinces and their prospects ; how highly the
friendship of my Lords the States was esteemed by the King his master,
and how greatly also by his council, that therefore they had caused us to
be invited to stand as witnesses at the baptism of the young Prince, and
that he was at one with us in wishing to see, in opposition to the unrigh-
teous pretensions and usurpations of the King of Spain, some good treaty
made ; about which there was too much delay ; that likewise they had
laboured in Denmark, Mecklenburgh, Brunswick, and with other Princes,
by commission of the King his master, especially with respect of the
right to the crown of England, His Majesty standing in the expectation
that thereanent he should find intentions differ, indeed most tending to
this, that any one of the said King and princes would prefer to see the
others go before them, and then they would certainly be willing to
follow : that he had found the Council of Denmark cool in the matter
because of the minority of the King, and likewise the said other princes,
and particularly he of Brunswick, who intimated his house was in alliance
with the House of Austria, which alliance he on his part would not will-
ingly be the first to break ; he told us also that those of Venice had
given hints to His Majesty about a treaty against the King of Spain
fearing the overgreat power of the same, concerning which negotiations
were still being carried on at the present time by certain on the part of
His Majesty, sent thither with answers for that sole purpose, as we other-
wise also had come to know. Further, he said, that the Duke of Florence,
Mantua, and they, were thereto agreeable : to all which was said by us
in general terms, that it was to be wished that the Princes and Republics
who were of the religion might in such a manner be united that the
King of Spain with his partisans might be worsted in his projects. That
also my Lords the States in order to effect this will neglect no means in
their power to second His Majesty and other princes, etc. His lordship
prolonged his discourse on the same subject to great length, and related
to us how some time ago when the Spanish fleet was in their waters that
having surprised a common lyre player they had been at him to win him
over to the allegiance of the King of Spain, and to corrupt him, saying
that the purpose of the said King of Spain was nothing more than to take
vengeance on the Queen of England for the ill turns she had done him,
that he would not interfere with Scotland whether in religion or other-
wise, desiring to give to the King thereof good reliable promises and
assurances, and that thereto it was replied by his Lordship that such
moderation in the proposals was most unexpected, and that the Kingdom
of Scotland too much dreaded having for a neighbour so mighty a prince
as the King of Spain, not to mention the diversity of religion, and more
reasons besides ; and discourses pertinent to the subject, touching some-
times upon the intentions and policy of the Queen of England, etc.
Thereafter his lordship, with great demonstrations of affection for my
158 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
Lords the States and their affairs, took respectful leave of us, not wishing
in any wise to be escorted by us, we caused his lordship to be convoyed
by some noblemen to his lodging, and he departed the same day to
Strevelingen.
The twenty-first, being Sunday, the magistracy of the city in solemn
procession with other gentlemen of his Majesty's council conducted us to
the preaching and thence homewards again.
The twenty-second August, the said gentlemen and magistrates con-
ducted us in solemni formi to the place of studies, where some students
in philosophy orated and disputed. With them was (and among others
the young Count of Gowre disputed) my Lord Setton who accompanied
us and the other said gentlemen homewards.
The same day very late in the evening some gentlemen of the council,
namely the abovenamed Prince of Planterre and Sir Robbert Melvin,1
Treasurer-Depute, being come from Strevelingen, came to announce and
excuse that the day of the baptism was again postponed to Sunday the
five and twentieth August old style, as His Majesty had received tidings
of the coming of the Ambassador of France ; desired that they would
take the delay in good part and declared that if said Ambassador
should not by that time have arrived they would not put off longer.
The twenty-third of August nothing special happened or was done
worth remembering, except that we caused the blanks in the letter of
De Reuter to the young prince for a godchild's gift to be filled up with
the name of the Queen, in these words, Anna Fille de Denmarcque, in
gold letters, which the open space demanded, and so well is it done that
there is not the smallest difference between these and the other letters or
observable in the combination. We acted as may easily be understood as
best might uphold the honour of our country in regard to the nurse and
others placed around the young prince.
On the twenty-fourth we were conducted by the Baron of Carmickle,
Equerry of His Majesty, with the King's and other horses, outside to the
fields, to take a turn, fully about thirty horses, accompanied by the
Councillor Melvin, the Conservator, the brother of the Earl of Orkney
and the son of the Count of ... Abbot of ... In this
excursion we saw a beautiful country domain, well cultivated, and so
towards evening we came again to our lodging.
The twenty-fifth, the Lord Ambassador of England came to greet us
with presentation of all good things and services that were in his power,
wishing that we might have had an audience of the King, and that he
would be free to have some conference with us, letting us know that
he was given to understand that the King would be in the town the next
day and that we should then obtain an audience. Next day, the twenty-
sixth August, we conveyed our thanks to the said Lord Ambassador, for,
in especial, his good affection, and the trouble he had taken which he
Afterwards first Lord Melville.
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 159
had done (so he had declared to the Agent Dammen) on the said twenty-
fourth, when we did ride out for a tour (notwithstanding his previous
indisposition and that he is very old), he had sat on horseback having
sought to meet us in the field, having even gone as far as the Aby
Fountain without meeting us, which we were sorry for, besides that
we also desired very much to confer with his excellency, and touching
the arrival of the King that it was very agreeable to us to understand
the same and to get an audience to shorten our stay, and to allow
occasion to confer with his excellency. We also took steps to ascer-
tain what opportunity there might be to return through England if it
should be agreeable, time and business permitting. Having learned the
same day and ascertained that the rumour of the King's arrival had
proved vain, nothing came of it, and vexing ourselves that time was
slipping away and nothing being done, we deliberated among our-
selves whether, to save time, it would not be well to communicate to
the Lord Chancellor, who that evening had arrived in the town, the pre-
liminaries on the point of the confirmation of the aforesaid Treaty, and
also to get to know what further intentions might be entertained, and so
we had planned to send to his Lordship, when the Lord Conservator of the
Scotch nation at Veere (who otherwise was always much with us com-
plimenting and making addresses) came to say that the said Lord
Chancellor had begged to come to us, and after usual greetings to say to
us that seeing His Majesty was well aware the loss of time would vex us,
his lordship had come into the town and desired along with some
gentlemen of the Council to come and confer with us, so as to gain time
and put through preliminaries while His Majesty was otherwise occupied
at Streveling, the which we declared would be very agreeable to us,
besides that we in pursuance of our devoir would wait on his lordship.
To this it was answered, that this was for important reasons not desired
by his lordship, and that he would come to us. We acted upon the
hint of his lordship so as not to disturb him in his good consideration
and expected him accordingly. At our instance the hour was fixed by
his lordship at full afternoon, then on account of other occupations of
the Council it was remitted to the following day at ten o'clock forenoon.
Here and at intervals there was brought to our notice, as did also
formerly happen to us, on the part or indeed in the name of the Earl
of Bobwel, that by some nobleman we were besought to intercede with
His Majesty in behalf of the proscribed lords, namely the Earl of Huntly,
the Earl of Angous, and the Earl of Arol, to the end that they should
enter the service and otherwise strictly bind themselves to the United
Netherlands, should respect the King and obey as good vassals, and
break off all alliances and communication with the King of Spain and his
followers, adding that on the part of Her Majesty of England they were
cordially invited to that course, but on conditions unacceptable to them,
and lastly, desiring to be reconciled to their King, and would prefer to
have that brought about by other means, as has been said : that they
had already taken some steps to plead with His Majesty, that such a
160 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
work would be honourable. Whereto we, after mutual discourse, re-
solved to do nothing for reasons sufficiently notour and should we be
further importuned to excuse ourselves in the same, with good motives.
On the twenty-seventh, about ten o'clock forenoon, the Lord Chancellor
with the Councillors Melvin, Treasurer, and Mr. Steuard aforesaid came
to us, and after customary greetings and demonstrations of benevolence,
the Lord Chancellor commenced by declaring that His Majesty being
aware that the time of waiting must be very vexatious to us, had
charged his lordship to make his excuses and forthwith to enter into
conference concerning the affairs of our Land.
We answered that excuses were uncalled for, that the entertainment,
recueil, and the honour done us were indeed such that the delay had not
caused us annoyance, although we were extremely anxious that our
business should be pushed on so that we might return home as soon
as possible, but that we also were well able to take into consideration
that His Majesty (like other princes) had important affairs in hand and
other reasons, wherethrough everything could not take place on the
appointed time and day. In this we willingly expressed our content-
ment, thanking His Majesty, and no less their lordships for their good
care in advancing the business and in order to accomplish that which we
were authorised to confer anent. And first of all we related that
although the Agent Dammen was not included by name in our com-
mission, etc., yet, nevertheless, as, after our departure, the continuation
and prosecution of the business would be confided to him (as Agent
General) request was made that it might please their lordships that
the said Dammen might be present at the conference. Whereupon the
Lord Chancellor highly commended the good conduct of the said Agent,
and declared that he found it good and necessary that he should be
present, and so it was decided. Having accordingly therefore entered
into conference (the affair of the baptism of the young prince having
been remitted reckoning there was time for that after) the renewal
of the old treaties between Scotland and the Netherlands tendered by
His Majesty was first spoken of, for which, while we expressed our
thanks, we have, following our Instruction brought down the application
of the same to the year fifteen hundred and fifty, whereupon the Lord
Chancellor pointed out that the foresaid treaty had been mutually kept
unbroken, having none the less had a sole existence of a hundred years :
that also the questions out of which the foresaid treaty and others
originated were not caused by either of the contracting parties, but by
others, their respective allies, that being sufficiently acquainted with the
contents of this one there should therefore be no difficulty in confirming
said treaty ; and having in reference to it exhibited the Instrument de-
spatched by my Lords the States including the Insertion, the which were
carried to his lordship's house by the Agent Dammen, but it came to
pass that it was not then sealed as his lordship departed to Strevelingh.
The said Chancellor did in the said conference principally discourse at
length on the expediency and necessity of a common league of the
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 161
princes, devoted to the religion against the superstitions of the King of
Spain and his adherents ; of the manifold devoirs by his King through
him and others to various Kings and Princes in Germany, favourable
thereto without hitherto much fruit : also of the minority of the elect
King of Denmark as well as that some other princes said they were
in alliance with the House of Austria, and about not wishing to be the
first to break off, etc. Whereupon we answered that all the world knows
how my Lords the States have continuously during many years carried
on war against the Spanish tyranny, that they did not doubt in ought of
the good intention and inclination of their lordships to so good a cause,
provided that it was carried out along with others, with the goodwill of
the Queen of England, with whom for her sake they were ready to
come into closer communication under the oversight of the other Kings
and princes ; that that was their commission, and after that had been
promised and confirmed as good and adviseable by the said Lord
Chancellor, the conference thereupon took end, and we thereafter went
together to dinner and the Chancellor departed in the afternoon to
Strevelingh as aforesaid. On the days immediately following nothing
specially worthy of note occurred, only that on the twenty-ninth we
wrote to my Lords the States, and besides that the day of the baptism
was put oif because of the diverse and uncertain tidings about the Am-
bassador of England, and that it was hinted we were to go to Strevelingh
on Wednesday the last of August, and that the King begged us not to
take it ill that the baptism was put off till the Sunday thereafter.
On the said last of August we did greet the Lord Ambassador of England
with due compliments, and hinted at our departure for Strevelingh,
hoping that after our audience we should see his excellency there
and speak with him. In answer, thanking us with reciprocal compliments,
he let us know that he likewise would willing confer with us on matters
touching the welfare of Christendom. The said journey, after some
hindrance, was begun on September first, and we came in the evening to
Lisco [Linlithgow], and next day, the second September, we arrived at
Strevelingh, where the King was. Our arrival was honoured with three
shots of artillery from the castle and the King's trumpeters came to meet
us : we were escorted on the road from Edemburgh to Strevelingh by various
gentlemen and noblemen thereto appointed by the King, and everywhere
besides we met with many civilities and kind attentions, specially from
the Baron of Carmicle, who kept us provided with good horses as far as
Strevelingh, where we were brought to our lodging, being the house of
the Earl of Argeil, where we were well accommodated with everything.
The Baron of Hetten, Grand Steward of the King, and my Lord Laitdois
[Lindores], son of the Earl of Rothes, were commissioned by the King to
come and bid us welcome and they announced that we should next day
have an audience of the King at ten o'clock forenoon.
On Saturday, the third September, near about ten o'clock, the
gentlemen, my Lord Hetton and my Lord Landois aforesaid came and
fetched us and conducted us to the audience with the King, which took
L
162 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
place in the court of the Earl of May, where we found His Majesty,
assisted by the Lords, Duke of Lemice, the Earl of Marn, the Earl of
Montros and his eldest son, the Earl of Lencarne, my Lord Hui, My
Lord Sincler, my Lord de Levingston, my Lord Hethone, my Lord
Flammurgh, my Lord Helvistone, my Lord Semple and others. We
made our reverence and kissed hands and with suitable compliments,
from my Lords the States-General delivered our credentials to His
Majesty having made known the reasons of our coming thither in
accordance with the contents of our instruction. His Majesty answered
thereto in substance, saying that he himself had been moved by two
special reasons to call and invite my Lords the States to be witnesses
and godfathers in the baptism of his first son the Prince of Scotland,
the first, because of the fellowship and unanimity of the religion like-
wise sought by other Kings and Princes, for in that cause the States of
the United Netherlands had suffered much, arid in order to witness
before all the world his right disposition to the religion, to the
confusion of those who had asserted otherwise of him : and the other
reason, owing to the friendship and alliance which the ancestors of
His Majesty had maintained during a long period with the Netherlands ;
that our persons were therefore welcome and agreeable to him, especially
the Lord of Brederode as being a descendant of the family of the Counts
of Holland, to which His Majesty also belonged, or was also descended
from, and Valcke as an honour to the ambassage, he in that way getting
a compliment : further, he testified very lovingly to the affection borne
by His Majesty to my Lords the States, and afterwards falling into
familiar talk, the King told how the Queen of England had taken the
matter peevishly, and that she was complaining to all Ambassadors that
His Majesty had invited my Lords the States to be witnesses and
godfathers, thus putting those who, she said, were her subjects, on the
same footing as Kings and Princes; and that thereanent His Majesty
had told her he was of opinion that this should be more agreeable to
Her Majesty than if he had invited the King of Spain for that purpose.
Then we said, that Her Majesty had no ground for esteeming so little
my Lords the States representatives of the Sovereignty of Dukes, Counts
and Lords, much less to name them her subjects ; that besides, by the
treaty entered into with Her Majesty and by other things the contrary
was sufficiently evident. His Majesty said enough about that, and that
it was a woman and we must forgive her sex.1 Then after having spoken
a little about the affair of Groningen and the war in the Netherlands, we
took our leave with due reverences to His Majesty and other principal
princes and lords there present.
In the afternoon we caused it to be made known to the Queen that
whenever Her Majesty pleased she might give us audience, which was
remitted to the next day, the fourth September, between two and three
o'clock after mid-day, in order that, after the audience, we might go to
dinner with Her Majesty and the King.
1 King Jamie thus had his revenge for the Queen's letter of 1588 (p. 129).
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 163
The fourth September, after mid-day as aforesaid, the gentlemen, my
Lord Simple and Mr. Alexander Hesvistone, came and fetched us and
conducted us with the King's horses to the Castle or Palace of the King,
where being brought into the presence of Her Majesty, and having offered
her fitting reverences and kissed hands, we presented to Her Majesty the
compliments and recommendations of my Lords the States in pursuance
of our commission, which were very amicably and gratefully received by
Her Majesty. Thereafter Her Majesty proceeded to ask after the welfare
of his excellence, Count Mauritz of Nassau, as a blood relation of Her
Majesty, and how his affairs prospered. To which we answered that we
knew nothing but what was good, that we did not doubt but that
his excellence would have written to Her Majesty through us
had he not been engaged at a distance in warlike affairs and greatly
occupied with the siege of Groningen, which now (by God's grace) was
taken. Then, after some more informal conversation, we took leave of
Her Majesty and were conducted to the quarters of the young prince,
whom we saw there and kissed hands, and he appears to be a very fine
thriving child as can be seen from the picture of him we brought over
with us. Thence again we were conducted to the quarters of the King,
whom we found in company with the Lords Ambassadors of Denmark, of
Brunswick, and of Meckelenburgh, and after some familiar and general
conversation on diverse subjects we went in to dinner. At table were
their Majesties, the Ambassadors of Denmark, by name Christian Barin-
couw and Steijn Bilde, the Ambassador of Brunswick, named Adam
Crause, the Ambassador of Meckelenburgh, named Joachim Bassewits,
and we two without saying more, there being besides there present many
Lords-in-waiting, namely, the Duke of Lennox, the Earl of Mar, my
Lord Hum, etc. The dinner passed off with many good and joyous
dances of His Majesty and all the Lords and Nobles. When the meal
was finished His Majesty, not without great pressing as we were present,
set himself to dance, and that being ended, about midnight we were
brought back from the Castle on horseback to our lodging.
On Monday the fifth September we sought out and saluted with befitting
compliments my Lords the Ambassadors of Denmark who reciprocally on
their part met us therein with every civility and compliments. In the
interval His Majesty did invite us to accompany him in hunting as those
on journey had not come, for reasons before mentioned. About mid-day
we went again, accompanied by various gentlemen, to the palace, and
after some familiar conversation with His Majesty and the Lords Ambas-
sadors aforesaid, His Majesty called the Ambassadors and us apart, saying
that he wished to hold a consultation with us. It was to deliberate,
according to custom, with the godfathers about the name to be given to
the young prince. Whereupon, after various considerations and discourse,
we all in common resolved, after having respect to the kinship and other
things besides, on Frederick Hendrick, Frederick in respect of the grand-
father 011 the mother's side the late King of Denmark, and Hendrick in
respect of the Duke of Brunswick as of Meckelenburgh, grandfather of
164 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
the Queen on the mother's side ; item, that the King of France is also-
named Hendrick, so also is the father of the Queen of England, although
her Ambassadors were not yet present. His Majesty said to baptize him
with the name of Charles Jacques, but without wishing any heed to be
paid to his words, he being of opinion and so many others that the name
Jacques was unlucky, and he had for good reasons given up Charles.
A festo Bartholemes 1572. Thereafter a dinner was given by their
Majesties, and it was held with the same personages and in the same
style as the former one : as also that if His Majesty in hunting should
kill a stag he wished that we should eat of it next day, following up
which the Ambassadors of Denmark with all honours and joyousness at
the pleasure of His Majesty invited us against next day at noon.
On Tuesday the sixth September we went as abovewritten to dinner
as the guests of the Ambassadors of Denmark, and at table we were
invited all together to supper at the Palace in the evening on the part of
the Earl of Mar. There in the evening we all compeared and were
entertained, and during supper the company was very heartily together
and well served. His Majesty came there as prince and bore himself
very happily and joyfully, showing, indeed, towards us even more than
to the others his good inclination. In course of all this it continued to*
be the resolution of the King to have the baptism done next day, then
one other day it was put off because of the Ambassador of England, the
Earl of Sussex, who was only to arrive this day, the seventh, in the
evening, at Strevelingh. The seventh September, being Wednesday,
we were the guests of the Lords Ambassadors of Brunswick and
Meckelenburgh.
The eighth September we went out to hunt in the Park with the King,
and returning thence His Majesty gave audience to the Ambassador of
England, and thereafter we sent to the Ambassador Ordinary, Mr. Boos,
in order (as we had now had an audience) to make our salutations to His
Excellency besides to the Lord Ambassador the Duke of Sussex. This
we did on Friday the ninth September, and offered and received recipro-
cally the compliments due and suitable to the occasion, remitting further
conference to a better opportunity.
On the ninth, as aforesaid, the baptism of the said young prince was
solemnised with all ceremonies and solemnities fitting in the baptism of so
high a prince, as preachings, first in Scotch and afterwards by the Bishop of
Iverdin [Aberdeen] in Latin, with orations in Latin, first verses and there-
after prose, among other things exhorting the Princes and States whereof
the Ambassadors were present, tanquam actions sponsoria obligatos, to be-
mindful of their vows in regard to the said Prince to help to bring him
up and instruct and exercise him in the Reformed Christian Religion,
and the name was given Fredrick Hendrick, Hendrick Fredrick. Here
we may note that the King had caused to be hung over the heads of the
Ambassadors respectively the coats of arms of their princes, and above
us (without our knowing beforehand) the coats of Holland and Zeeland,
and thus wrongly done, we caused the same to be taken down, and had
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 165
the coats of arms of the six United Provinces that belong to the honour
of the same portrayed in forma.
The solemnities being accomplished, and the name of the prince being
repeatedly announced to the people by the Herald with flourishes of
trumpets, Largess was called out ; the King dubbed sixteen noblemen
knights, whereof the first was William Stewart. After all which the
Lords Ambassadors each in order made presentation to Her Majesty of
the godchild gifts, we too, in accordance with our commission, and Her
Majesty for this heartily thanked my Lords the States. Then after each
had gone away a little on account of refreshments, we all went in to the
Royal dinner and banquet. At table were His Majesty, the Queen, the
old and new Ambassadors of England, and all the others aforesaid, in-
cluding us, without saying more, and everything passed off to the evening
with cheerfulness.
The tenth September we sent the Agent Dammen to the King to say to
His Majesty that since now the solemnity of the baptism of the young
Prince was past, and we should very much like to return home at the
first opportunity, we begged His Majesty, if it should please him, to give
us his further commands in anything or to deign to come into conference
with us on the subject lately entertained with the Lord Chancellor, or
otherwise we held ourselves ready to proceed in accordance with His
Majesty's good pleasure, and the said Dammen reported that the King
said that the matter of two or three days was of no consequence, and
that he had still something to speak to us about and that the Chancellor
would need to be present at the interview, and that it should be at
Edemburgh, and that he had given the Chancellor orders to arrange
for that.
The eleventh, being Sunday, the King let us know that we were to
come to supper in the evening with His Majesty and, towards evening,
being conducted by certain gentlemen of the Court to His Majesty's the
same said to us before supper that His Majesty had been much hindered
by leavetakings given to the other Ambassadors who had been there a
very long time. Hence we were detained and he would give orders that
we should leave next day in the afternoon for Edemburgh, where within
five or six days His Majesty would meet us, and meantime he had given
orders to the Chancellor to enter into conference with us on the subject
of what still remained to be done as regards the proposals of His Majesty
to my Lords the States; His Majesty further declaring that he had
spoken with the Ambassador of England about the League, and it
appeared the Earl of Sussex had no special commission on that point,
but the Ambassador Ordinary certainly had, and he had said that he
had still something to speak of to His Majesty, he supposing that it
would be about that. His Majesty indicated the right to the crown
of England that was due to him, and therefore the more desired to
strengthen himself against the King of Spain through whose tyranny
his kingdom was agitated by the sedition of certain, and that in
especial in respect of the religion, which His Majesty protested he
166 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
always heartily resolved to maintain, as he (if we waited ten days
longer) would cause us to see in his actions, noticing his intended
campaign against the prescribed lords living in the north quarter.
Further, he said that he had caused representations to be made to the
Queen of England about the League ; that she did request His Majesty
to send the Ambassador to the Archduke Ernestus to the end that he
should not raise trouble in His Majesty's lands, but that he had answered
he did not approve this course for divers reasons, the said Archduke
being no more than the lieutenant of the King of Spain, and that
it would be a long time indeed before he would get any despatches on
the subject from Spain ; thinking, also, that if such request were made
or if he sent on that account that the Queen of England would therein
find cause to blame him as if he had something else going on under
cover of it. Further, he said that he had made representations about
the league to the Ambassadors of Denmark, Brunswick, and Meckelen-
burgh, and that during the winter season they could not expect any
answer, but only get their answer as time went on. Thereafter we went
to supper, namely, the King and Queen, the Ambassadors of Denmark,
Brunswick, Meckelenburgh, and we, not saying more, also the Ambas-
sador of England had been to dinner unexpectedly with His Majesty.
The supper passed off with good discourse and services, and since nothing
worth noting has happened save that the King came and spoke about the
Agent Dammen, testifying extremely well of him.
. On Monday the twelfth we made ready for our departure to Lidlsho, and
there came to us my Lords the Lord Earl of Mar, the Baron of Tillieverme
[TullibardineJ, Steward to His Majesty, brother of Alexander Murray,
with other gentlemen, Keith, etc., recommending to us very specially and
particularly the said Lord Earl, as they had already several times before
done, as also along with them the Baron of Hun, the person of the fore-
said Alexander Murray their cousin, praying that the same might be
continued in the good grace of my Lords the States, and thanking them
for the favour already shown to him ; and we again repeated the offer of
all possible services and favours to His Majesty and in other respects
where the same might be for the advantage of these Lands ; and the
gentlemen aforesaid honoured us with their presence to dinner, the said
Lord Earl of Mar strongly recommending to us the case of one Peter
Douwglas that justice might be done him with despatch, according to
the law of our land.
The day previous the Earl of Orkenay did state to us that some of the
herring fishers, above a hundred in number, had been guilty of much
damage and insolence in one of his islands, requesting remedy therein,
and we desired that the complaint be pertinently in writing given to us.
in order that my Lords the States might be provided with information on
the matter ; item, we had also a visit from the Lord Schineus by com-
mission of the King, recommending us (but with great protestation of
having unwillingly undertaken to do so) the case of Alexander Wichart,
as to which we said nothing but what could be known out of the last
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 167
Request (whereof a copy was given us to take with us) with the Appostille
of the Sovereign States-General in reference to it, wherewith the said
Wichart coming in was no way contented, we remitting everything to
the good discretion of my Lords. We sent the same day to the Ambas-
sadors of England, excusing ourselves for not coming to greet or say adieu
to them before our departure from Strevelingh to Edenburgh hoping to do
so better at Edenburgh, the which, the said Lords received with thanks,
etc. And so we left, being honoured with three shots of artillery from the
Castle, and so to Lidlsco on horseback, where we arrived in the evening.
The thirteenth we left Ledtsko and arrived in the evening at Eden-
burgh, where on our arrival we were greeted with three shots of artillery
from the Castle, and were in that fashion accompanied by the lords, the
Baron of Carmicle, Master of Horse to the King, the conservator as
mostly always everywhere the said Melvin, the said Morray, Captain
Dellachy.
On the sixteenth nothing happened worth telling about. The Queen
arrived in Edenburgh on the fifteenth. Nihil actum.
On the sixteenth the King came to Edenburgh, and the Chancellor
gave us to understand that on account of various considerations he had
not spoken with us until the King should be present, but that now, if we
wished it, he would proceed with our business.
On the eighteenth the Chancellor gave us to understand through the
conservator that he had begun to review the treaty of the year fifteen
hundred and fifty, and had remarked some difficulties which on the
following day in conference should be laid before us.
On the nineteenth as we had consented and asked leave to go and
compear at any place the Lord Chancellor would be pleased to designate,
his excellency was again pleased to come to us at our lodging accompanied
with the Lord Melvin, Treasurer, and the said Stewart called the Planteyre.
After reverences and greetings done, he narrated in somma the good inclina-
tion of the King His Majesty to my Lords the States, etc., and that he had
looked over the Instrument of the Ratification of the Treaties, and in par-
ticular that of the year fifteen hundred and fifty inserted finding the same
to be relative to some foregoing and in particular to that of the year
fourteen hundred eight and forty and . . . which he declared that it
was not and that he did not properly know its contents, desired to have
a look at it if we had it by us, and further if we had anything more to
lay before him we might do so. That His Majesty and the Lords of the
Council were well inclined to please us. We said, as we explained
formerly, that our commission consisted in three principal points, the
first touching the baptism of the young prince, which now by God's
grace was accomplished, the second touching the renewal of the old
treaties which were proffered on the part of His Majesty and thankfully
accepted by my Lords the States in the form shown to His Highness,
that we had no commission to do anything else or any request to make,
that as concerning relative matters, we exhibited copies we had in our
possession that they might be inspected by His Highness. And the third
168 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
touching the Centra-League as to which we as before declared were com-
missioned to enter into conference with his Majesty or his Council along
with the Ambassadors of the Kings of France, England, and Denmark,
provided they were thereto commissioned, and that not being the case that
we could not enter into the matter singularly, but only as a conference.
And that if it pleased their excellencies to make representation concern-
ing certain points in the manner of proposals that generally their
Highnesses my Lords the States-General could well confide in their good
inclination to promote the common best of Christendom, the which their
Highnesses now during so many years) continuously had opposed in
deadly war against the King of Spain and his adherents. Their excel-
lencies testified that in this they had been well pleased, explaining that
the business might be carried through in conjunction with the other kings
and princes, especially with the consent of the Queen of England and
also of France, whose ambassador, according to the writing which he said
His Majesty had thereanent, was expected the 15th October next.
Further we discoursed on the necessity for the said League as we did
formerly, and before the breaking up of the said conference, after other
familiar talk we discoursed of the successful carrying through of their
affairs by my Lords the States, namely, concerning the taking of the town
Groningen, their equity in dealing with the vanquished, aiming at liberty
and exemption from the tyranny of the Spaniards, etc. We prayed the
said lords that a final resolution might at the first be come to as we
were very anxious to depart, etc., having promised ourselves to do so.
That evening we were invited to supper at the Earl of Orkenays and
were very royally received and entertained with demonstration of good-
will towards my Lords the States.
On the twentieth we sent the Agent Dammen to the Chancellor in order
that he might by all possible means seek a good and short leave-taking, since
now the Ambassadors of Brunswick, Meckelenburgh, and Denmark had
gone, having sailed this day in the morning, and the English one was also
preparing everything for his departure. That our waiting on was very
hindersome to us, and might possibly cause suspicions with the Queen of
England, etc. Whereupon the said Dammen reported as his answer
from the said Lord Chancellor that His Majesty had promised that we
should receive an answer at latest on Thursday the twenty-second of
September.
The twenty-first September we entertained us with the said Earl of
Orkenay, etc., Captain Jan Balfoer, and took leave of the Ambassadors
of England, who this afternoon took formal leave — I mean the Earl of
Sussex to Her Majesty — and the next day, the twenty-second September,
the Lord Ambassador the Earl of Sussex took his departure.
During this interval we were advised by the Conservator that in regard
to the expediting of the confirmation of the old alliances and friendships,
certain difficulties had come to the surface, which we, Colonel Stewart
being commissioned thereanent to explain, understood to be that the
Instrument with the Insertion held that the King through his Ambassador
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 169
Sir William Keith, etc., had made the request to the States thereanent,
which the Lord Chancellor afterwards likewise himself said was the case,
and though it was so (although these were affairs of long ago and charters)
regard must be had to the reputation of the King, and thereanent it was
found good in expedition of the despatches so to arrange (that the busi-
ness might not be left undone) that there should from neither side be
any request, and on that matter we were obliged to employ our commis-
sion and authorisation in order to renew, etc., without insertion and on
this followed the agreement (our original commission thereto serving us)
in accordance with the copy of it also herewith attached, and it is to be
noted in this that the Lord Chancellor had asked us in what name the
prescribed agreement had to be drawn up, whether of the whole Nether-
lands or of the United Provinces only. Whereto we, after deliberation
and conference, answered on the part of the United Provinces along with
others that in future might be willing to unite with them, which clause
we added for good reasons which my Lords the States can consider for
themselves. Also the Lord Chancellor would have liked much that in
the Instrument given by us on the part of my Lords the States there
should have on both sides been inserted mention of the Provinces that
might in future unite with them. We excused ourselves from the same
as having no special instruction for that, and his excellency expressed
himself satisfied with that answer.
During and between the foregoing conferences the King did through
the gentlemen Knight Stewart and Knight Keith appoint us an audience
on the twenty-third, then owing to other important occupations of His
Majesty the same was put off till the next day.
The twenty-fourth September we sent word to the Lord Chancellor that
we begged leave to come and say adieu to his excellency, and his excellency
let us know that he was coming to our house within a half hour, so we
went to him and he accompanied us back to our lodgings and there took
leave with very good assurances and demonstrations of his affection to
my Lords the States and understanding of their affairs. In the after-
noon the gentlemen, Baron of Levinston, Stewart, and Keith came on
the part of the King to fetch us and conduct us to the audience with His
Majesty in the palace, where after fitting reverence done, His Majesty in
the first place apologised for having been obliged to keep us so long detained
because of the despatches of the other ambassadors, and also other im-
portant businesses and occupations. He earnestly desired my Lords the
States to be assured of his good inclination towards them, highly appre-
ciating as he did their Highnesses wise and prudent conduct of affairs,
together with their upright intention of furthering, even with the sword,
the freedoms of their neighbours without other pretension in regard to
the same, he therefore wished them all good prosperity, and so as His
Majesty had brought that subject before us he earnestly desired that my
Lords the States would keep up a closer intelligence and correspondence
with him than had hitherto been the case, he having sometimes in the
•course of one or two years had no news from the Netherlands, and if
170 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
there happened to be anything secret or of importance to advise him of
they were to communicate with the said Sir William Keith. Further he
said in reference to the Centra-League that his Ambassador was now at
the Court of the Queen of England on account of it, to endeavour to
dispose her thereto, but that as yet he had been unable to get any answer
on the subject. That the Ambassador of France was expected, where
from the intention of the King might be understood and that His Majesty
at that point could not act in the matter except by making solicitations
to the said parties. Thereafter His Majesty said he had good reasons to
be opposed to the King of Spain (though he was not like my Lords the
States at war with him), that verily troubles were stirred up in his
state by his money and intriguers, and indirectly because of the religion,
on account of which, and for diverse other reasons His Majesty, said that
it was his interest and he was bound to keep good friendship with my
Lords the States. And speaking on the subject of the Queen of England
His Majesty said it might not be amiss if we (passing through England)
should take an opportunity of telling Her Majesty about our negotiations
and all that happened to us in Scotland, in order to avoid suspicions
being certain that Her Majesty was informed of everything. After this
His Majesty desired his greeting to be made to my Lord, Count Maurice
of Nassau, in the hope of becoming more closely acquainted with each
other, recommended to us the affair of the late Colonel Henry Balfour
one of whose sons being there present, and thereafter the person of
Adrian Dammen, declaring the contentment of His Majesty with the
good offices rendered by him in informing His Majesty and instructing
him of occurrences of affairs in the Netherlands in which every one was
deficient. Therefore we thanked His Majesty for the audience and con-
fidence, humbly recommending also his person, and after some more
familiar talk we took leave, with reverences to His Majesty and kissing
hands, and His Majesty having still spoken a little apart and turning
to Valcke desired that he on the part of His Majesty should thank the
Sovereign States that they had sent such a gentleman as the Lord of
Brederode to him. Therewith parting, we were conducted into the apart-
ments of the Queen, and there we humbly sought permission to take
leave of Her Majesty and having kissed hands and recommended the
affairs of the land, Her Majesty graciously thanked us recommending to-
us the person of Alexander Morray uncle of one of her ladies-in-waiting
there present ; item, greetings to his excellence Count Maurice, and
then we left and were again conducted home by the foresaid gentlemen.
The twenty-fifth of September we had all our affairs disposed for the
journey so as to set out (with the help of God) the next day, item, Valcke
paid a visit to the Ambassador Ordinary of England, Boos, and took leave
with the due compliments. Afternoon the Lord Keith came with the
Secretary David Foulis and brought us the letter of His Majesty to my
Lords the States, which we deliver over, along with this, and the
despatches aforesaid, and further, His Majesty presented to each a gold
chain with the medal of His and Her Majesties, and commended us with
all possible courtesies and reverences to my Lords the States.
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 171
The twenty-sixth of September, the wind being still easterly, we set
out on our journey, leaving Edinburgh on horseback, accompanied by
the Earl of Orkney, the Knight Keith, the Conservator Melvin, and
specially, the before mentioned Baron of Carmicle, who, with his sons,
kept with us as far as Berwick, with a portion of our suite, the greater
portion being left to come by sea, in order that they might meet us in
London, sailing with the first favourable wind. We having, for diverse
important reasons, resolved to travel through England by land, we were
honoured, at our departure, with three shots of artillery out of the
Castle of Edinburgh, and as the affairs with the Earl of Bodwel looked
badly, and as in regard to his plots concerning the same, conjectures
were disclosed, His Majesty appointed and ordained for our security,
that we should that evening be conducted to, and treated as guests, in
the house of my Lord Sethori, who received us most heartily, and further
escorted us with his people, likewise, by order of the King, to the house
of the Baron of Bas, who, accompanied by noblemen and others, met us
on the road, and conducted us to his house, where we arrived next day,
the twenty-seventh September, and were, by him, well received and
entertained. Next day, the twenty-eighth September, he escorted us
with the same convoy, to Barwyck, where the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir
Cary, came to meet us with his cavalry, and brought us into the town
with honours of artillery, and entertained us that evening.
The twenty-ninth, we left Berwick, and arrived that evening at Aen-
wych [Alnwick], where our persons were lodged and entertained by the
Governor. Leaving Aenwych on the thirtieth, we arrived in the evening
at New-Castle, where we were very royally received by the Mayor, with
all the Magistrates in forma, and the burghers under arms. We were
entertained and lodged in the Mayor's house with great demonstration,
that our arrival was most agreeable to them, and they escorted us on the
first October to Lamberen, and we came that evening to Durham, the
second October to Noorthalerton, the third to Yorck, where we spent the
fourth resting, then on the fifth to Donckaster, the sixth to Nieuwarck,
the seventh to Stanenfort, the eighth to Hontingtone, the ninth to
Waert, the tenth to Bednagin, in the neighbourhood of London, to the
house of the Lord of Schonewal. On the eleventh we sent word to the
Grand Chamberlain, requesting that we might see Her Majesty, and that
an appointment for that purpose might be made for us.
The fourteenth to Nonsuch, where we did find Her Majesty, who, after
fitting reverences made with explanations of the reasons of our coming
thither, and thanks for her favour, declared that she, on her part,
thanked us very much for having undertaken so heavy a journey in
order to see her, and in the same way it was very agreeable to her to see
us, thereafter having entered into the subject of the affection which Her
Majesty bore to our Lands, and always would bear, and therefore she was
also confident that they would seek no new friendship, so as to forsake
the old ; that she had, with great joy, heard of the good success
of the States' affairs, in especial of the taking of Groningen, and
172 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
the honourable articles and conditions granted to them there ; that she
was half-jealous of the honour and reputation ; that the States conducted
their affairs wisely, more so, and better than other princes, etc. We
replied that we were glad to understand the good contentment and
pleasure Her Majesty had in the actions of the States, and their good
success, confessing that (after God) the assistance of Her Majesty had
helped greatly to bring matters to good issues, and praying that Her
Majesty would therein continue, and that from this she might mark the
upright intentions of the Sovereign States, and that we considered the
jealousy of Her Majesty as a mark of her greater favour and affection
that is the best possible. Thereon. Her Majesty began to speak about
what was said of her by certain, that she wanted to be at peace with
Spain, and that she had no thoughts of the kind, nor ever should have,
and that she was too great-hearted to pay court to any one, Illaque virgo
virum ; that old though she was, she desired court to be paid to herself,
and earnestly wished us so to say, and to assure the States that she would
do nothing except with the consideration and to the pleasure of the
States, as was fitting, and dwelt forcibly and long on that article : from
that going back upon the good conduct of affairs and success of the
States, about which she laughingly said that we Royalties might well
take occasion to be jealous of such good and wise conduct, that the
doings of their Kings were a mere chronicle of follies ; that said States
were now rich and mighty, and able to second other people ; that now
they no longer needed assistance from others, sending as they had done
to Henry, King of France, three thousand infantry, and five hundred
horse : saying that she was not aware he had any enemies now, and in
the event of a peace, that people ought not to have suspicions of Her
Majesty, speaking for herself, but not wishing to be responsible for
others, for whom she would not speak. We said that we did not know
what was going on in our country (as Her Majesty said she could well
believe that, and that she knew better than we what was passing there),
and in any case it was to be hoped that assistance, such as had been
referred to, would not be displeasing to Her Majesty, as being rather
intended to bring the Walloons, our original enemies, to reason, which
might be called assisting the King of France. Upon which Her Majesty
said that a propos of this, she had made a bargain with the people for
no longer than two months, and they wished to keep them so much
longer, which was not agreeable to her.
That, as was fitting, she took care of her subjects ; that, as to that,
the Jesuits preached that she delivered over her subjects to the
shambles, and spared them not in other ways : admonishing about
Madame, the Princess of Orange being now at Paris, visiting the King,
she repeated once or twice, that she would not return thence this winter,
that she ought not to leave her own country in that way ; that she had
left her little son in the Netherlands as a pledge, that he was a fine
courageous young gentleman, etc. , at school, or studying there ; said
that she understood the brother of his excellency, Count Mauritz, the
1594] REPORT OF DUTCH AMBASSADORS 173
Count van Buren, had arrived out of Spain in the Netherlands : besides
this, she spoke magnanimously in honour of his excellency, of his piety,
wisdom, and other good qualities, besides also praising at length that my
Lords the States, Madame, the Princess of Orange, and in general, the
house of Nassau did themselves much credit for virtue, that thereby they
were winning for themselves a great reputation, all which, as before said,
it would be ingratitude not to appreciate. Her Majesty said ingratitude
was the peccatum in spiritum sanctum, etc. She referred also to the
subject of our journey to Scotland, saying that her Ambassador had
been there, and he recollected that a chair had been placed for the
absent King of France, that this King had tried to keep her back from
sending her Ambassador until his should have arrived ; that she would
not consent to do so, being of opinion that he would not be willing to
send one out of respect to his Holy Father. Touching the King of
Scotland, she asked whether we had not been to the hunt with him ;
that he loved hunting exceedingly, overmuch indeed, that he shunned
no labour or peril, that she had sent him many horses, as many as
twenty, that she truly wished he would spare himself in that somewhat,
vowing that she would send him no more, although he bridled them,
fearing that some accident might happen to him. Further, she inquired
about the situation of matters in Scotland, and thereafter asked us
secretly, whether the Ambassadors of Brunswick and of Meckelenberg had
not besought us for assistance in behalf of, or for the King of Scotland.
To which we declared they had not, and in order to tell Her Majesty
sincerely all that had happened in Scotland, we said that our commission
referred solely to three points, the first to assist at the baptism of the
young prince, the second to renew the foresaid old treaties of alliance
and friendship, relating particularly to commerce, and thirdly, to
negotiate about a league against the presumption of the Spaniards, but
nothing else, and only provided that the Ambassadors of Her Majesty
were specially commissioned thereto, and that concerning these matters
likewise, nothing further was treated of, the King also desiring nothing
more, but remitting the same to another opportunity. To which Her
Majesty answered nothing special, and said that she was then to under-
stand it was nothing more than a general league that had been meant :
and from this she passed to admonishing us that some princes of the
Empire and others commissioned thereto were already on their way to
visit my Lords the States, with the object of furthering a peace : she
asked us what we thought the same might be likely to bring about. We
said that my Lords the States, by their stedfastness in the war against
the Spaniards during so many years, and their resolutions in diverse
treaties that were found alone, and notably not long since, in the answer
to the letter of the Duke Ernestus, given to Hartiz and Coeman, they
had given it to be well understood what was to be expected of the peace,
etc. On which Her Majesty began to praise very highly the said answer
and the wisdom of my Lords the States, and so ended her talk. We
then took leave reverently, and with proffers of service, in doing which
174 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1594
Her Majesty strongly recommended the case of Colonel Morgan, and so
we departed to Kingstone for the night's rest, and the next day, the
fifteenth of October, returned again to Budnal Grin foresaid, where we
continued living, expecting a favourable wind for crossing, until the
twenty-fifth October, when it changed to a good quarter, and we set out
for Gravesend, and set sail the same evening, and after some wanderings
at sea, we arrived at Veere the twenty-eighth October, and thence we
went on to Middleburgh, and we set forward again from there, on the
second of November, and on the third (with God's help) we arrived here
in the Hague again.
During the above written legation in Scotland, we were solicited on
account of diverse requests and grievances, and in particular, the King
begged that we should recommend to the notice of my Lords the States,
the case and pretensions of the widow and sorrowing children of the late
Colonel Henry Balfour, to his arrears, which the Bishop of Dunkeld,
having married the widow of the foresaid Balfour, is coming in person to
prosecute the claim, notwithstanding that we dissuaded him.
His Majesty did similarly, through Mr. Schenan, recommend the case
of Captain Alexander Wichart, to the end that justice or contentment
might be done him. Item, the case of Captain Mathias Ralingh, whose
Request, with apostille of His Majesty, is herewith delivered. His
Majesty, by word of mouth, further recommended to us all his subjects
in general in our country, being in arrears, such as a Captain Jan Balfour
and others.
Herewith are submitted the complaints of Unfred Grey and Francois
Temont, alleging that they have been injured by certain sentences of the
Admiralty of Zeeland. Item, the Remonstrance of Mr. Jan Tronand
and partners, merchants of Edemburgh, complaining of some quantity of
hides taken from them at sea, and seeking restitution. Lastly, the
Agent Dammen has strongly recommended two of his requests, herewith
submitted, to my Lords the States, the one touching the restitution of
the debt incurred by him in his prison at Dunkirk, and the other, the
increase of his pay, as to all which my Lords shall be pleased to do what
they shall find to be fitting.
Thus reported and exhibited at a meeting of my Lords the States at
the Hague, November 1594.
(Signed.) W. DE BBEDERODE.
JACOB VALCKE.
Diplomatic [In 1595, Denniston, the resident Scottish representative at
the Ha£ue> presented certain articles to the States the last of
which was in these terms :]
' Priant tres instamment V. S. de prendre quelque bon ordre
avec Fhoir et veuve du feu Capitaine Trayll, touchant les
arrierages deus au diet feu Capitaine/
1595] CLAIMS OF STEWART AND OTHERS 175
[On 14th February 1595 Sir William Stewart of Houston,
having again arrived at the Hague as Ambassador from the
King of Scotland,1 had an audience of the States-General along
with Mr. Denniston the resident envoy. Their instructions
and the reply of the States contain no references to the
Scottish troops, but the Ambassador seems to have availed
himself of the opportunity to make certain arrangements with
regard to his own affairs.]
May 8, 1595. — The secretary was ordered to deliver to the
Ambassador Stuart the reply of the States to his proposal made
on behalf of the King of Scotland with the Act of Approval
of the former Treaties made between Scotland and this
country, referred to in the foregoing reply, and asked for by
His Majesty. In consideration of certain things it was resolved
to defray at the expense of the country, at the hotel of the
Briel, the charges and expenses there incurred by the two
Ambassadors of the King of Scotland, who were lodged there,
to the amount of 1500 guilders.
At the request of the said Mr. Stuart, asking the Lords
States to be pleased to accept such assignations as he has made
to some of his creditors on the grant of the 14,000 guilders,
which will fall due on July 20th next, in accordance with the
agreement made by him, also to authorise and order the
Receiver-General to raise on his (the petitioners) account, on
interest, the last payment in full a like sum of 14,000 guilders,
to fall due on July 20th, 1596, in order that therewith he
might pay such arms as he had bought in this country for the
King of Scotland. And, thirdly, to grant him a passport to
permit him to transport from here to Scotland 500 muskets,
300 corselets and fencing-pads, and 500 pikes. It is resolved
and granted that the Receiver-General shall be permitted to
undertake to pay the creditors of the petitioner to whom he
shall grant assignation on the payment of 14,000 guilders,
which shall fall due on July 20th next, two months after due.
1 On 24th December 1594, Sir William Stewart of Houston, Commendator of
Pittenweem, was sent as Ambassador to Flanders on * sum wechtie affearis,' and
on loth July 1595, he reported, and was thanked for his 'meritorious proceed-
ings.'— P.O. Reg.
176 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1595
And that accordingly, the said petitioner may negotiate on it.
Regarding the second prayer, that the request made in it shall
be refused and declined in view of the present condition of the
government of the Lands. And regarding the required
passport for the transport of the arms, that it be granted
him.
Note with reference to the Mission of 1594. On 20th May 1619, at a
sitting of the Privy Council, the Earl of Melrose produced ' ane blak
round buist,' containing the commission of 1594 to the Lord of Brederode
and Mr. James Walck, and the confirmation and ratification made by the
said commissioners of the ancient friendship treaties and alliance, and
especially of the peace and league made in the town of 'Buiche' in
Hainault, on 5th December 1550, dated at Edinburgh, 14th September
1594, e quhilk buist' had been sent from England to be put in sure keep-
ing in His Majesty's Register within the Castle of Edinburgh.— P. C. Reg.,
vol. xii.
1594] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 177
VI
EXTRACTS FROM RESOLUTIONS OF THE STATES-
GENERAL, LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION,
AND REQUESTS AND PETITIONS SENT TO
THE COUNCIL OF STATE.
1594-1609
1594
Various Appointments.
March 29.— It is found expedient by the States-General, Council of
on the recommendation of his excellency, that some one
be commissioned and authorised as Commandant or Chief
over the Scottish soldiers in the field. His excellency nomi-
nated thereto Captain Murray; and that therefore a pro-
visional commission be granted to the said captain, at a salary
of o^SOO a month when afield.
November 21. — To advise the States-General, that it would
be expedient that a Provost be secured for the Scottish
regiment, which was done under Balfour at 50 guilders a
month.
January 17. — On a request of Captain Hamilton, pre-
sented from the States- General, advise that the council refuse
it. That since the captain has done all in his power to send
the people over, but transport was hindered by a contrary
wind, that there be given him in addition for every soldier
three Caroli guilders, without the same being made a
precedent.
1599, June 4. — At the request of the captains of the
Scottish regiment, the transport of 550 men is agreed to for
the twelve Scottish companies, in pursuance of the decree of
his excellency. The payment, however, of the same is not to
M
178 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1599
be reckoned higher than their respective fixed strength, viz.
the chief flag or company at 200, and the rest at 150 men each
company.
On a letter of recommendation from Holland,1 a commission
was obtained for the cavalry Captain Edward, as colonel over
the Scottish regiment, in the place of the late Colonel Murray,
at the same salary as the former colonel enjoyed.
Letters of Recommendation of James VI.
Captain Dallachy.
states-General MESSIEURS, — Jacoit que nous sachions la gratuite dont vous
usez * l'endroit de ceux, qui vous ont fidellement servi, esperon-
nant par honnorables recompenses, ceux qui portent les armes
pour vous a exposer d^autant plus hazardeusement leurs
personnes a tous perils. Si est ce que nous n'avons pour cela
laisse d^assister le nubite du cappne D^allachy, homme qui
vous a en tant d^experience d'annees tesmoigne sa valeur, et
maintenant reduict en sa vieillesse. Vous priant tant pour les
raisons mentionnees, que pour Pamour de moy, luy user
quelque favorable recognoissance en luy monstrant par les
effects, que ma recommandation ne luy a este infructueuse, ce
que niesmouvera dautant plus, a regarder de meilleur ceil tous
les vostres, que par semblables services, ou en vostre contem-
plation se rendront envers nous recommandables. Priant
Dieu sincere, Messieurs et comperes, vous donner sa ste garde.
JAQUES R.
De Ste Croix, le premier d'April 1599.
Colonel Alexander Murray.
MESSIEURS, — Le Collonnel Alexandre Mourray s'en retournant
en vos pays, apres avoir entierement obtenu de nous ce que
vous nous demandiez par les vostres n'avons voulu permettre
qu'il reprit sa brisee sans estre charge de quelque importante
commission de notre part, comme vous entendrez plus au
long de luy mesme, En quoy vous prions le croyre adioitant
indubitable croyance et foy a Taffaire que nous luy avons
enioinct vous communiquer en nostre nom, comme a personne,
1 The Prince of Orange had recommended Edmond to the States of Holland,
' he being the ablest of the Scottish captains. '
1599] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 179
qui ne cede a aucun vivant, tant pour le regard du naturel
debvoir envers son prince quen desir de vous servir. Et nous
remettant a son recit prions Dieu, Messieurs et comperes, vous
comble de ses felicitez. JAQUES R.
De Ste Croix, le premier d' April 1599.
Captain IBrog.
MESSEIURS, — La fidelite, et nubite du Cappne Guillaume Brog
un de noz subiectz nous esment a vous le recommander
affectueusement, a fin q'aux occasions, qui s\>ffriront pour son
avancement et honneur, vous assistiez favorablement le zele,
qu'il a monstre de porter a vostre service, le gratiffiant, p
occasionnant de suivre a bonnes enseignes les traces de ceux
qui ont participe de vos courtoisies si bien veuillances, par
une continuation d'ardeur d'exposer sa vie en tout ce qui vous
concernera, si nTasseurant, qu^il ne sera deceu de Tespoir qu'il a
en vous tant pour les causes susdictes, que pour Tamour de moy
je prieray Dieu, Messieurs et comperes, vous donne heureuse
vie. Vostre bon amy et compere, JAQUES R.
D'Edimbourg, le 20 April 1599.
Colonel Edmond.
MESSIEURS, — Ayant entendu qu'apres la mort du feu Sieur
Alexandre Murray, Colonel de Pinfanterie Escossoise qui est a
vostre service, vous ayez faict election du Capitaine Edmond
pour commander au regiment, du quel encore que la valeur et
fidel deportement soit assez cogneu par la preuve des services
par luy faicts. Neantmoins estant nostre subiect et pour sa
fidelite en vostre service d'autant plus ayme de nous, le recom-
mandons qu'il soit d'autant plus respecte et honore de toutes
faveurs, privileges et honneurs qu'autres Colonnels ont jouy
en vostre service par cy devant. A quoy nous attendant
prions Dieu, Messieurs et comperes, vous maintenir en sa
grace. Vostre bon amy et compere, JAQUES R.
De nostre palais de Saincte Croix, le dernier de Septembre
1599.
Sir William Murray.
MESSIEURS, — Ayantz occasion d'employer en quelque nostre
180 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1599
service le Sieur Capne Guillaume Murray, qui vous a autrefois
servi au faict de la guerre, il nous a semble expedient de le
rappeler. Mais estant avertiz qu'il est embrouille en quelque
procez en ces pais la, touchant les affaires de son frere, n'avons
pas voulu omettre de le recommander et vous prier par le
porteur (qui est le frere de Deniston, notre ambassadeur ordi-
naire pres de vous) de le favoriser en ses affaires et le depescher
vers nous le plustost qu'il sera possible. Nous les recom-
mandons doncq d'aultant plus affectueusement en regard de sa
fidelite envers nous et des bons services faictz a vous, tant par
luy-mesme que par feu son frere. Nous avons donne charge
au Sieur de Deniston de vous informer plus au long tant en
ceste matiere comme en des autres auquel il vous plaira adiouter
pleine creance en tout ce qu'il vous dira de notre part, qui
sommes et demeurerons tousiours, Vostre bien bon amy et
confrere, JAQUES R.
De Saincte Croix, le xx. Octobre 1599.
After the Battle of Nieuport.
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — Ayantz este advertiz tant par
voz lettres que les rapport asseure du porteur comme
Dieu par sa grace vous avoit faict victorieux sur voz
ennemis d'une si furieuse et sanglante bataille, avons este fort
resiouyz, comme au bon succes de toutes vos affaires, nous
nous estimons tousiours y avoir nostre part a Tadvancement
desquelles il ne vous manquera rien qui depend de nostre
pouvoir, comme nous avons donne charge au porteur de vous
informer plus amplement, au quel il vous plaira adiouster pleine
creance en ce qu'il dira sur le desir que nous avons a vous
faire paroistre qu'elle est nostre disposition envers vous et
vostre estat, et quel bien et honneur nous esperons tirer de
vous quand nous en aurons besoing. Vous priantz tousiours
faire estat de nous comme Pun de voz plus affectionnez. Et
d'autant qu'en vostre derniere victoire plusieurs de noz gens
sont mortz et en reviennent tous les iours de la tant des blessez
et estropiez, ruinez quasi en votre service. Nous desirons
qu'ayez esgard au traittement de ce peu de reste, qu'estantz a
Favenir pour Tamour de nous plus respectez, les plus gallants
espritz et plus valencieux puissent estre induictz librement
i6oo] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 181
se rendre en votre service, dont nous avons (Dieu mercy)
assez bon nombre,1 desquelz quand vous aurez affaires, vous en
disposerez. Et comme toutes voz bonnes fortunes sont reputees
et nostree (?), nous ne doubtons pas que de pareille affection
vous aurez a congratuler quand vous entendrez le vray et
simple discours (lequel vous envoyons avecque ces presentes) de
la plus cruelle trahison qu'a ose machinee centre nostre per-
sonne et de laquelle Dieu par sa grace, non sans miracle, nous
a delivre. Quant au porteur,2 lequel nous avons este bien
resjouy de veoir aupres de nous, ay ant par Tespace de vingt et
six ans este esloigne de sa patrie, nous n^estimons pas estre
necessaire de vous le recommander, car quoy que nous le
respectons pour estre notre subiect, si est ce que nous tenons
plus de compte de sa valence et fidelle affection qu'il a porte a
votre service, que de sa naissance et pour Tencourager advan-
tage, il n'y a ny bien nlionneur qu*il peut esperer de nouz qui
luy manqueront pourveu qull continue. Nous ne doubtons
que vous ne faciez le pareil et a luy et a tous autres de
notre nation qui de pareille volonte s'addresseront a votre
service, et seront tres aises qu'a toutes occasions il soit
familiairement par vous employe devers nous en affaires de
consequence. Etc. JAQUES R.
De Falcland, le xx. d'Aoust 1600.
David Barclay (of Towie or Urie).
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — Ce gentilhomme porteur, nomine
David Barclay, sieur de Struy, frere germain du feu Capne
Robert Barclay, qui ayant ces ans passes seruy fidellement au
faite de vos guerres, et ayant perdu la vie en ce dernier conflict.
Sur ce a prins resolution d'aller par dela pour prendre ordre de
quelquonques biens et moyens appartenants au susdit defunct,
son frere, ensemble les decomptes que vous luy serez trouve
1 The difficulty of Scotland rested rather in the surplus than the deficiency of
these 'gallant spirits' for which King James thanks Providence for having
provided him with a 'sufficient number.' The legislation of his parliament and
the policy of his privy council in regard to the Highlands and Island, indicate
the problem presented by the ' assez bon nombre,' which previous Jameses had
taken summary methods of reducing.
2 Probably Colonel Edmond, who went to Scotland ' to remake his regiment.'
182 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1600
redevable pour son service en vos dites guerres. Vous priant
affectueusement que tons les biens qui luy appartenoit, aussi
bien devant son decez, que les dites decomptes soit delivrez au
dit gentilhomme, avec son nepveu le fils du dit feu Capne
son frere, a qui tout appartient tres justement comme a son
propre fils et et heritier, a scavoir aussi que le dit gentilhomme
est son vray tuteur de loy. Car la mere du dit gar£on ne peut
estre nullement ouye s'opposer au contraire du dit tuteur, veu
que pieca [?] elle a este divorsee d'avec son feu mary, comme il
est tres notoire. Outre plus le dit tuteur est honnorable
gentilhomme de biens et d'heritage, et bien respect e pour son
honneste comportement en toutes ses actions, estant digne de
faire valoir tout ce qu'il recevra au profit du dit pupille son
nepveu, jusques a ce qu'il soit venu en parfait age. Et la
dessus vous reprions de rechef, que pour Pamour de nous vous
expediez le plustot que pourrez le dit gentilhomme, en luy
delivrant son dit nepveu et tout ce qui luy appartient de droit,
ce qui incitera davantage tous nos autres subjects hazarder plus
volontiers leurs biens et leur vie mesme en votre service. De
quoy faisant nous ferez un singulier plaisir ce que nous sommes
et demeurerons preste recognoistre mutuellement en ce qu'il
vous plaira nous requerir. Priant, etc. Vre tres affectionne
ami, JACQUES R.
De notre palais a Dundie, ce xxvi. de Septembre 1 600.
Captain John Ker.
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES. — Le Sieur Capne Jehan Ker,1 qui
pour une requeste a impetre conge pour quelque espace de
venir par de£a pour certaine siene affaire. Et estant prest a
s'en retourner vers vous, nous a sollicite de vous le recommander,
ce que nous faisons de meilleure volonte, pour autant que nous
scavons que au service passe il n'a manque rien en luy de son
devoir et durant qu'il a este la n'a fait chose indigne de son
honneur ny de notre faveur. II vous plaira donguce le laisser
retourner librement en ce pai'e, afin d'estre icy pres les sienes
dites affaires. Aussi nous vous prions de prendre en sa place
1 See pp. 59 and 60 (in note), also p. 31.
1600] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 183
de commandement un gentilhomme lequel le d* Capne y mettra
assez suffisant pour descharger ce rang de preeminence et qui
sans aucune doubte vous contentera. Et pour ce que le d*
Capne n'a point Tintention de retourner ci apres en vos
quartiers, estant tellement empesche en ses dites affaires nous
vous requetons affect ueusement que le peu de deniers qu'il luy
sont deues, tel ordre y soit donne qu'il puisse recevoir ses
decomptes pour s'acquitter de tous ses despenses et charges, pour
retourner avec toute diligence, de telle facon qu'il n'aye point
occasion de se plaindre de vous. Ce qui nous sera fort
agreable, comme nous prions le Createur, Messieurs et Com-
peres, vous tenir en sa digne garde. Votre bon Amy et Com-
pere, JAQUES R.
De notre palaisjde Ste Croix, ce xxvii. jour de Decembre
1600.
1600, October 5.— Huygens, Secretary of the Council of State Council of
reported, that having spoken with the States- General about
the transport money of Colonel Edmond and 800 Scots, brought
over from Scotland, by commission of the States- General ; said
States had declared, that the payment for each soldier should
be payment usually given, 8 guilders, and that the opinion of
the States was, and still is, that out of the 800 Scots should
be formed the three companies mentioned in the Act of the
States-General. Further, that the Scottish Regiment should
be held from that date at from 13 to 11 companies, that the
colonel's company should number 200, and the others 113,
which companies may be filled up from the said number of
800 men.
November 13. — Report made concerning the division and
reduction of the new Scottish soldiers, in order to bring up
the companies to 135 men.
1600, June 3. — Inasmuch as Captain Brog desires to under- Resolutions
take the duties of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Scottish regiment,
solely for the honour, without other pay, and that neither
their excellencies nor Captain Edmond know of any reasons
184
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1600
why the same lieutenantship should not be granted to the
above mentioned Brog, it is agreed to.
1600, December 29. — Captain Brog was allowed in one
payment 600 guilders for his previous services in his quality
of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Scottish Regiment, and it was
agreed that in future he shall enjoy a salary of 100 guilders
per month, commencing from the first of January next,
and that a commission to that effect be despatched to
him.
Requeste pour le Capne Hamilton.
(Requests). A MESSEIGNEURS, MESSEIGRS [sic] DU CONSEIL o'EsTAT.1 — Re-
monstre en toute humilite et reverence Capitaine Hamilton,
en garnison a Nimeghe, come il a pleu a V. S. depescher ordon-
nance le xxviii de Apureil pour ung moys de gages, sur Monsr
Doublet, Recepveur gnal ; et le dit recepveur a done ung
decharge sur Messeigrs les estats de Zelande. Mais ayant
envoye ung home expres pour son payement, mes ds SeigrS du
Zeelandt ont refuse le dit payement, au grande prejudice du
remonstrant. Car il a este contraint de lever Targent a
Interrest pour Tintretenement de sadit compaignie. Partant
il prie qu'il plaise a mes Seigrs doner ordre pour sondit paye-
ment au regarde du temps que est desia passe.
Quoy faissant. Le xi Maye 1601.
JAQUES CRACK.
Resolutions 1601, December 17.— In reference to the petition of Captain
General. Brog, requesting payment of the balance of his account, made
up 13th June '88, for his pay as Sergeant-Major of the
Scottish regiment, under Colonel Balfour, from the 1st Sep-
tember 1583 to the 5th March 1585, and again till the last of
April '88, amounting to 2224 pounds, eight shillings, it was
agreed that search be made in the Rolls here, the Treasury
1 From the packet of requests presented to the States-General and to the
Council of State in 1601.
This collection is very defective; from 1600-1620 only 1601, 1611, and
1617 exist.
1603] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 185
of the States- General, as well as in the Finance Chamber
of Holland, as to how much of said sum the petitioner
has received; and that of the balance he shall be paid
one-third in ready money, and the other two-thirds within
the next two half-years, and that an order to that effect on
the Receiver- General be despatched.
1602, September 20.— Whereas Robert Stuart, Scotsman, a
sailor on board a man-of-war, in the service of the Land, has
voluntarily confessed, without being put to the torture, that
on the third of August last he had taken on himself to pass in
review among the company of Captain Balfour as a soldier of
said company, under the name of Thomas Fowler, and that he
seduced thereto other six sailors, who also were passed in
review as soldiers of the said company ; whereby the prisoner
aforesaid, contrary to his oath, and the placards on the sub-
ject of the mustering, has defrauded and robbed the Land ;
said decree forbidding such fraud on pain of death. Therefore
the States-General and the Council of State of the United
Netherlands taking, as is fit, all things into consideration, and
doing justice, at the instance and demand of the Advocate
Fiscal, brought against the prisoner, condemn the said Robert
Stuart to be hung by ropes till he be dead, as an example to
others.
Given the xx. September 1602.
LETTERS OF KING JAMES i. 1603.
Recommendation of Livingstone.
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — Ce jeune home Leviston, ay ant Diplomatic
quelques annees passees faict son apprentissage en la guerre en S01™1^!
vostre pai's et s'estant resolu d'y poursuy vre la fortune, Nous folio 1603-1608.
vous Favons bien voulu recomender, tant pour le bon et agre-
able service qu^il nous a faict que pour Topinion que nous
avons qu*il se rendra digne, tant de nostre recomendation que
de la faveur que vous luy en ferez. Et pour ce vous prions
luy vouloir ottroyer une compagnie de cavallerie a la premiere
occasion quy se presentera. Ce quy nous sera fort agreable et
nous donnera occasion de vous complaire en semblable ou plus
186 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1603
grand cas come nous somes et serons. Vostre tresaffectionne
amy et compere. JAQUES R.
De nostre palais royal cTHampton, le xxiii6 de Juillet
1603.
Captain Selby.
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — Nous ne doubtons point, que vous
n'ayez desia entendue la trahison machinee centre nostre per-
sonne, femme et enfantz, iusques a vouloir avoir entierement
exterminee nostre race par quelques noz desloyaux subiectz,
ausquels tant s'en faulte que nous ayons donnees cause, de
mescontentement, que nous les avions par nostre liberalite
obliger de nous estre tres-fidelz. Entre lesquelles le baron de
Gray a este des premiers. Et craignantz que la compagnie de
cavallerie, qu'il tenoit a vostre service, ne se dissipast a faulte
de capitaine, Nous avons resolu de vous envoyer ce gentilhome,
le capitaine Selby, du quel la fidelite et valeur nous estantz
assez esprouvees, nous asseurent qu'il sera bien receu pour ceste
nostre recomendation, pour suppleer la place d'un trahistre si
deloyal. Nous avons faict choix expres de luy come gentil-
home digne d'une telle charge, vous priantz estimer que ce
n'est pas la recomendation ou credit d'home vivant, mais seule-
ment ses qualitez dignes de comander [sic] quy nous ont esmeuz
de vous Tenvoyer. II vous plaira donque Faccepter gratueuse-
ment pour Tamour de nous au lieu de celuy quy n'est plus
home de bien et dans peu de jours ne sera plus, et vous confier
en ceste nostre election de laquelle nous esperons que vous
n'aurez jamais occasion de vous repentir de son service, ne nous
de Tavoir recomende. Ainsi nous asseurantz de vostre bon
affection en cest endroict, prions Dieu, Messieurs et comperes,,
vous maintenir en sa Saincte et digne gard. Vostre tres affec-
tionne amy et compere, JAQUES R.
De nostre palais royal d'Hampton, le premier d'Aoust
1603.
Recommendation of the heirs of Colonel H. Balfour.
(1603. Exhib. May x., 1603, by Mr. Deniston.)
Sa MaJeste/ demande qu'il plaise a Messeigneurs les Estatz
generaulx de doner contentement aulx heretiers de feu le
1 604] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 187
Collonnel Henri Balfour, de son service fait en Brabant ; suivant
les obligations et decomptes signees par leurs Seigies et lenrs
deputes. Et en cas quails ne vouldroyent recognostre ne satis-
faire a toute la dit debt, pour le moyns. Us sont obligez de
satisfaire pro rata; estanz alors unies avec les aultres estatz
de brabant. Ce que sa Mat6 demande tant seulement. * Sa
Mat6 desire que Monsieur Daman, agent de messeig8 les Estatz,
soit continue en sa charge aupres sa Mat6 en Angleterre come
il estoit en Escosse.
1603, October 23. — In reference to the reports received from states-
Zeeland, Dordrecht, and Rotterdam, that between five and Genera1'
six companies of Scotsmen had arrived belonging to the new
regiment of the Baron of Buccleuch, and that the remaining
companies are on the way, or may even already have arrived,
it is proposed . . .
November 24. — It is resolved that the newly arrived Scotsmen,
belonging to the companies of Captains Scalby, Murray, Spence,
and Brochtown,1 be supported, and that the weapons and
travelling expenses of the same be paid, in the same manner
as in the case of the earlier arrived companies of the regiment
of Baron Buccleuch, who are supported and paid out of the
moneys from France, destined for that purpose.
1604, January 9. — 100 guilders in one payment assigned to
Andrew Hunter, minister of the Scottish regiment, for his
extra services, and the States-General wish it understood that
he is to allow himself to be employed in the service of both
Scottish regiments.
January 10. — Peter Stuart,2 Scottish nobleman, on account
of certain considerations, is allowed thirty guilders ; with the
understanding that he do not apply again, but in future address
himself to the regiments of his nation, in order to be advanced
among them.
January 21. — At the request of Captain Walter Bruce, it
was found good to recommend to the Council of State that
1 Mentioned at siege of Ostend. Does not appear in any list. Probably
killed there.
2 He appears later as officer of artillery. See p. 211.
188 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1604
their excellencies cause the 33 soldiers therein mentioned, of the
supplemental [?] company, stationed in Amersfort, to be paid
(being at present within the bounds of Ostend), and issue an
order that said men, being there, are to stay till the departure
of their said company from that place.
1604, February 3. — It was resolved that the Commissioner
Jan de Mist betake himself to Dordrecht, and there review
the Scotsmen recently arrived there, to register the same, and
examine whether there be any fraud or criminality among
them, approving of none except those qualified for the imme-
diate service of the Land. And the revision being accom-
plished, to bring them forthwith to the companies to which
they belong, and the places where these are in garrison ; and
thereafter to muster with great care the same companies, with
all the other companies stationed in the neighbourhood,
with the understanding that the States shall reserve to them-
selves the number in excess of the strength assigned to the
captains, in order to distribute them among the other com-
panies.
March 15. — Peter Stuart is once more granted the sum of
36 guilders — a third to be paid at once, a third in May, and
a third in July — to be paid by the Receiver-General.
March 16. — Jan de Mist is commissioned to go to Rotterdam
and review the Scottish recruits arrived there, and examine
thoroughly whether they are really fresh arrivals, and to dis-
charge incompetent soldiers.
Representation in favour of Lord Buccleuch by the British
Ambassador.
(Dated March 2 (12) 1604. Exhib. Jan. xvi. 1604) x
MESSIEURS, — J'eusse desire, ce que Teusse pris pour tresgrand
heur, de pouvoir apporter a V. Sies les nouvelles agreables du
retour du General Vere. Car ie scay le contentement que est
Estat eust receu de retenir tousiours aupres de son service un
Seigr de sa qualite et merite. Mais ie ne suis nullement si
1 This letter initiates a controversy of long standing.
1604] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 189
heureux, tant s'en fault que Taye charge de vous dire que
comme personne ne vous a servy plus fidellement que luy, ny
avec plus de soin et d'ind ustrie, ainsi personne n'eust plus
volon tiers que luy acheve le reste de ses iours en service de cest
Estat. Mais puis la police de vos affaires ne permette pas de
luy octroyer ses demandes et sans cet octroy de vouloir
reprendre sa charge, seroit d"* abandonner la soin de sa reputa-
tion, qui vous recognoissiez qu il a gaignee par tant de travaux
et perte de son sang. II se deportera de vous importuner
d'avantage et se contentera du tesmoinage duquel il vous a
pleu de couronner son conge, que ce refus ne luy ait este fait
a faute de son merite, mais par des considerations importantes
qui concernent le repos et tranquillite du gouvernement de
cest Estat. Et comme ainsi soit que des son advenement au
service du pai's, il a servy non moins heureusement, dont il
rend graces a Dieu, que avec une tresaffectueuse volonte, il prie
Messrs a croire qu'avec sa charge il ne se despouillera pas de
tout soin de vos affaires ; ains comme son corps charnaille et
cicatrice au service de cet Estat, luy ramentovira iour et nuict
la vie passee, ainsi Fhonneur qu'il a receu des Provinces Unies
demeurera tousiours engrave en son ame, la souvenance duquel
il menera et quant et luy, vive et fresche, iusques au tombeau,
avec ses meilleurs souhaitz pour la prosperite dlcelles.
Je m^assure, il n'y a pas un d'entre vous, Messieurs, qui ne
regrette le depart de Monsieur Vere ! Mais i'ay de quoy vous
consoler :
primo avulso non deficit alter
aureus, et simili frondescit verga metallo.
Voicy arrive, en ceste ville, le Seigr de Bouclough, mande de
par sa Mate au service de cest Estat, duquel, parmy mille
Seig8 Escossois elle a fait choix pour les belles parties requises
en un grand Commandeur, pour tesmoigner plus amplement
tant son soin pour la conservation de ces Provinces que son
desir que la prosperite d'icelles de iour a autre puisse estre
augmentee.
Ce seigr cy ne vient pas pour busquer fortune ; il a chez luy
de quoy manger sans prendre cette peine, et des estatz ausquelz
vacquer sans aller a la guerre ; et s'il y avait faute, ou de Tun ou
190 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1604
de Tautre, il n*y a nulle faute des bonnes graces du Roy son
Maistre ; qui ne manqueront iamais de recognoistre les merites
de ses dignes serviteurs. Mais apres avoir voyage et veu le
monde, et par tous beaux exercises, tant au fait des armes que
des autres estudes, s^est rendu habile pour le service de sa
patrie, scachant avec quelle affection sa Mat6 embrasse
Taccroissem* de vos affaires, il s'est laisse persuader d'entre-
prendre ce service, pour y emploier son temps et despendre ses
moyens, voire son sang et sa vie. C'est pourquoy sa Mat6 nVa
commande de le presenter a V. Sies et les prier quand et quand
de sa part, qu'il soit receu en qualite de General de sa Nation,
en quelle qualite elle le mande et le recommande entre vos
mains. Les troupes auxquelles il aura a commander sont les
subiects de sa Mat6, ausquelz, affin qu'ilz scachent quails ne sont
le plus esloignes de sa grace et souvenance, pour estre employes
au service de ses bons amys et alliez, elle envoye ce Commandeur
avec charge de les aguerrir en la discipline militaire. Charge
grande et pleine d^honneur mais fascheuse et chatilleuse, dont
mal aisement on s^acquittera, s'elle soit communiquee avec un
autre. En toutes charges, esquelles la vigilance et Findustrie
sont requises, quand on vient a cela, " nee mihi, nee tibi, sed
dividatur," tout va a Tabandon, on ny prend point de soin, ou
s^il y en a quelque peu, ce n'est que par maniere d'acquit , en un
mot, tout n'est que nonchaloir et negligence. Ce qu'a induit
V. Sries depuis quelques annees en ca de faire un General des
troupes anglaises. Maintenant que rAnglerre et PEscosse sont
consolidees ensembles et que les troupes Escossoises sont accreues
au mesme nombre qu'alors se trouvoyent les angloises, s'il vous
plaira de faire cest honneur a la Nation Escossoise vous suivrez
Texemple de Sa Mat6 laquelle traicte avec pareille affection les
deux Royaumes, et monstrerez le contentement que vous
prennez de nostre heureuse union. Les demandes de ce Seigr
ne sont nullement inciviles, lesquelles n'esbranslent pas les
loix fondementales de vostre police, ny s'eniambent sur la
soverainete de Messrs les Estats, ny derogent Tauthorite du
General en chef. II ne demande qu'avec le traitement du general
tant de pouvoir, pour s'acquitter le mieux de son devoir envers
le service de ces Provinces et de Sa Mat6. II vous supplie d\
vouloir penser et resoudreau plus tost, ce que ie fais de la part
1604] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 191
de sa Mat6 qui m'a commande de recevoir et luy comuniquer la
resolution. RODOLPHE WINWOD.
faict le deuxieme de Mars, Stilo veteri.
March 23. — The Recorder is charged to intimate to the states-
Council of State, that they find it good that their excellencies
shall give commissions to the captains of the regiment of the
Lord of Buccleuch, and administer to them the Lands' oath ;
also that their excellencies shall likewise issue a commission
and administer the oath to the foresaid Lord of Buccleuch.
And as he will probably object to this, because he pretends
to the generalship of the Scots, in the service of the Land,
that the States will, in that case, make known and advise how
to act.
Also it is found good, that the Council of State shall inves-
tigate whether or not there is one of the companies of the
regiment of the Lord of Buccleuch which desires to be incor-
porated in the regiment of Colonel Edmond. Because if that
is the case the company of Henderson on the other hand must
be put under the foresaid Buccleuch.
March 24. — Messrs. Santen and Hardebrouck, councillors
of State, compeared and reported the advice of the Council of
State (after previous conference with their excellencies).
On the motion of Councillor Winwoidt, in reference to the
Generalship of the Scots in the Lands1 service ; — that since His
Majesty of England recommends Lord Buccleuch ; and taking
into account the letters of the Count of Embden : after con-
sultation an understanding was come to, his excellency and
the Council, having well weighed and considered the motion
aforesaid, the States being on this point in agreement with
them, and it was resolved that the Councellor Winwoidt
aforesaid be instructed and shown here in the Assembly, that
the request embodied in the foresaid proposal is prejudicial to
the Government of the country ; and that therefore it could
not be agreed to without the previous notice, advice, and
resolution of the Provinces united together. Yet that in any
case there is reason to fear that it would lead to nothing
because of the precedent it would give to other nationalities
192 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1604
who in like manner would claim to have a general. And that
same claim was disputed in the case of the Lord General Vere
notwithstanding his true and long continued service to the
country, and besides it would be a source of many misunder-
standings arising in regard to the person of Colonel Edmond,
who has served the country faithfully for so many years. And
his excellency has been asked to make no further urgent
request for the said generalship, and try to persuade the Lord
Buccleuch to content himself with the regiment, like other
generals in the service of the country.
April 1. — Compeared Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson and
was questioned as to the present constitution of the Scotch
regiment under Baron Buccleuch. To which he replied, that
said regiment was very brisk, well armed, and in order for
active service.
He was then commissioned, so far as he could advance the
matter, to bring his own company into the regiment of the
foresaid Baron of Buccleuch ; and to bring another company
of that regiment into the regiment of Edmond. And there-
after with his brother, or some one else, to take measures to
promote friendship and ward off jealousy in the nation.
1604, April 5. — As regards the generalship over the soldiers
of the Scottish nation in the Lands1 service, His Majesty
recommends thereto the Baron of Buccleuch. Thereupon the
States, having consulted with the Council of State, and others
with whom it is usual to advise in such like matters of im-
portance, find that the said request of generalship is a novelty,
never previously put in practice, and that they could not consent
to it without making an opening for all the other nations
in the Lands' service to ask in like manner for a general. A
step which the deputies of the provinces being convened
would consequently not dare to take on their own responsi-
bility, but would have to lay the matter before their principals
in order to obtain their opinion and understand their good
pleasure, as is cust'omary. To this the same deputies are
inclined to agree in so far as the Lord Appearer also approves,
and is expressly authorised to insist on the said request. But
that their Highnesses may well declare to his Honour, that they
see no probability of the introduction of the foresaid novelty,
1604] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 193
and therefore his Honour may beg the Baron of Buccleuch
to regulate himself so as in future to desist from seeking
said generalship, and accept his commission as colonel. The
Lord Appearer requested a written copy of the declaration,
for the purpose of informing His Majesty, who doubtless in
the matter will make a new urgent application, in view of the
fact that it touches the honour of the Lord Baron.
April. 16 — In the matter of the remonstrance of the Baron
of Buccleuch. In reference to the first point of the same, it
was agreed that the captains of the remonstrants regiment
are to keep the soldiers raised and brought over by each of
said captains, as they were then found and passed in muster,
except in case they are supernumeraries, beyond the strength
appointed to the captains. Moreover they must be kept in
good order, armed, brought to, and used in the service.
But as regards the second point, touching the pay of the
superior officers of the regiments aforesaid, the States give it
to be understood that they will place on a similar footing the
pay of the superior officers of all the nations in the service of
these Lands. Therefore desiring that the remonstrant mean-
while will content himself with the knowledge, that the
superior officers of his regiment will be paid like the officers of
the old Scottish regiment.
July 1. — At the request of Mrs. Elizabeth Crichton, widow
of the late Captain Dallachy, it is agreed, that the Receiver-
General shall pay her her various pensions, on the understand-
ing that before the end of the current year she shall show
proper evidence of her children being in life, otherwise this
payment shall be postponed to be included in the pension of
the coming year.
Recommendation of Robert Gray.
(Receptum Aug. 2.)
1604, July 10 (O. S.). — MES BONS AMIS ET TRES-CHERS
COMPERES. — En vous saluant: sachez que ce gentilhomme le
porteur de ceste Robert Gray, Escossois, ayant passe son
temps par le monde en nostre service, Tespace de six ou
sept ans, pour a ceste fin de se rendre plus prompt et capable,
est maintenant desireux de suivre la guerre a ce qu'il ne luy
N
194 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1604
puise rien manquer propre pour un Gentilhomme de sa
qualite, et estant ainsi que nous, ne luy, ne trouvons autres
(aux services desquel il pourra mieux employer son temps
qu'aux nostres). A ce regard nous avons trouve bon de
Penvoyer devers vous, avec noz lettres de faveur et credit,
touchant ce point: Vous priant bien fort de Tavoir en tel
esgard pour Tamour de nous, comme a tel Gentilhomme de
son rang appartient, et de luy faire avoir le commandement
d'une de noz compagnies de gens de pied. Dont nous esperons
qu'il vous fera bien bon service et aggreable, et qu'il ne faudra
de meriter par ses vertuz et diligences bien mieux que ne voulons
signifier. Et comme ne doubtant que voulez accomplir nostre
demande, vous commandant au bon succes de Timportance de
noz grandes affaires, Demeurons tousiours Vostre bien bon amy
et compere, JAQUES R.
De nostre court de Greinwich, ce 10 Juillet.
Recommendation of Laurence Sinclair.
To the Council of State. (Receptum Aug. 2.)
1604, July 17. — MY LORDS, — I had lately occasion to speak
with His Majesty, and he desired me to recommend to your
lordships the bearer of this, Laurence Sinclair, at one time
lieutenant under Captain John More, in the regiment of
Colonel Buccleuch. The said captain died lately at Ostend,
where also the lieutenant then was, and had been there for
thirty weeks. He was wounded several times, and therefore all
the more deserves to succeed his captain ; in whose place His
Majesty desires that he may be appointed, he being in other
respects, as I understand, a nobleman of ability, and belonging
to a very good house. Moreover his ancestors, in other days,
rendered valuable services to the country, therefore I hope
your lordships will accept this recommendation in considera-
tion of the fact that His Majesty made it by word of mouth,
and that it is the sole object of this letter. Ever praying God
to grant that your lordships may continue in long and pro-
sperous government,
NOEL DE CARON.
From St. Lambeth, the 17 July 1604. Old Style.
1604] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 195
August 11. — On the request of the widow and orphans of Resolutions
of States
General.
the late Captain Robert Barclay, Scotsman, it was resolved of states
to place the matter in the hands of the clerks, for the purpose
of going over her accounts, and examining whether any mis-
take has been made.
October 20. — At the request of John Boyd, ensign of the
company of Captain John Spence, their High Mightinesses
the States have, on account of certain important considera-
tions, and his long continued services (he having been maimed
in both arms in the country's service before Zutphen and
in Ostend), agreed that at his departure from the country, he
shall be granted in all two hundred guilders, in full satisfac-
tion of all his services, on the understanding that the Council
of State, in order not to cause any difficulty thereby to the
country, is to write to the foresaid Captain Spence to keep the
place of ensign open till the middle of March next, or until
the matter shall be properly disposed of.
October 21. — To write to their lordships of the states of
Utrecht, and make request to the same, that they pay Cap-
tain Caddel the sum of nine hundred and ninety-nine guilders
two shillings vd., the balance due to him at the liquidation
made of his current pay at the time he was on duty on the
repartition of the states of Utrecht.
October 29. — To furnish to the seven Scottish companies of
Colonel Buccleuch, arrived from Ostend, one month's pay,
according to their strength at the last muster since their
arrival from Ostend, with deduction of one-sixth part.
November 29. — Received from the deputies of the states of
Utrecht a letter, of 23rd October, wherein they excuse them-
selves as yet from paying the ^?996 llsh, being the balance
due to Captain Caddel for the current service of his company
during the time it is alleged he was on duty on the repartition
of the states of Utrecht, which they deny.
It is resolved, that notwithstanding said excuse, the deputies
of Utrecht be again requested to pay the sum aforesaid, as
during that time it appeared that the Council of State placed
the company aforesaid at the charge of the States of Utrecht,
as against other burdens which their Highnesses laid on the
other provinces.
196 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1604
Captain Archibald Erskinis Cavalry Company.
Resolutions December 20. — Captain Archibald Ariskey [Erskine] being
General.8 present, accompanied by Captain Aresky [Erskine] and Esaias
Chastelain, the States represented to the said Captain Archi-
bald, the difficulties he would have to encounter in the formation
of a company of cavalry cuirassiers, which he begged to be
allowed to form ; not only in regard to the great expenses
which he would necessarily incur (amounting to about 30,000
guilders), but particularly from the scarcity of well-trained
horses, which he would hardly be able to get in this country
of such weight and height as they ought to be, according to
the Land's order, likewise owing to the scarcity of cavalry
soldiers of his nation qualified and well-armed according to
the government order. He should therefore reflect on the pro-
ject lest he be thereby brought to ruin, and come out of it with
diminished reputation, which the States would be sorry for.
But since the said captain (notwithstanding all the Toresaid
difficulties brought under his notice, and several other friendly
exhortations, to divert him from his purpose, he being at last
told, that should he not have said company of cavalry fully
equipped, they being qualified horse soldiers of his nation,
well armed and provided with trained horses, according to the
Land's order, between this and the first of March next, new
style, that the company would not be received into the service)
persisted in his intention, and requested to be allowed to form
the company. The said States (in consideration and out of
regard to the name and friendship of the said Ariskey, and
not looking to the fact that having undertaken to bring the
foresaid Company into the service of the Land, on the tenth
of August last, he brought over during the first half of Decem-
ber, between seventy and eighty men, with only one horse fit for
service) consented, and granted to the said Captain Archibald
Ariskey to proceed with the formation of said company of one
hundred cuirassiers, under which there shall be thirty cuiras-
siers with ponies ; provided he be bound to have said company
fully equipped precisely between this and the first of March
next, of qualified, experienced, and well-armed cavalry of the
Scottish nation, provided with well-trained horses, of such
height and weight as the order of the Land implies, otherwise
1604] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 197
failing this, said company shall not be taken into service ; and
in the meantime every horseman without a horse shall for his
support be supplied with seven stuivers daily, and every one with
a qualified horse and properly armed, fourteen stuivers a day.
1604, December 23. — Captain Areskey, notwithstanding all
the difficulties in his way, has undertaken to form — between this
and the first of March next precisely, new style — the company
of cavalry, 100 cuirassiers strong, in accordance with the
regulations of the Land, and the resolution placed in his
hands by the States, except that he insists on ponies such as
Cavalry Captain Hamilton had. And after said Areskey having
been told that he ought to content himself with the offer
made to him, without being opinionative to such a point
about the ponies, since the States make no levies of cavalry
but on the footing indicated, it was explained to him that,
since he will have his way, it will be counted sufficient if, on
the muster day of said company, there are more than thirty
qualified horse soldiers. As for ponies, no notice will be
taken of ten or twenty, but, in view of his exactingness, he
must heed this well, that the States also will be exact with
him, and, in respect of that, he is to bear in mind that he
shall have to form his company, according to the Aforesaid
resolution, placed in his hands, between this and the first of
March next, consisting of one hundred qualified, well-armed
cavalry cuirassiers, with well-trained horses, everything
according to the regulations of the Land. Or failing this,
said company shall not be accepted — to which the 'foresaid
Ariskey has agreed. And in this matter the Recorder is
charged to communicate this transaction to his Exy [Prince
Maurice], and request that his Exy will be pleased to assign a
post to the said Ariskey, so as to form the said company, with
letters-patent or commission for that purpose.
December 29. — To write to the Province of the city and
surrounding country of Groningen, that they are to grant the
companies of Captains Norman Bruce and Selby, provisionally
placed as a share to their charge by the Council of State, their
settlement, and liquidation of their current pay.
January 4. — It was agreed that Esaias Chastelain shall be
reimbursed the sum of .£1663 16s, advanced by him, with
198 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1605
consent of the States, to the Cavalry Captain Ariskey for the
support of his company of cavalry.
January 15. — As to the request of the Cavalry Captain Archd
Areskey, praying for a subsidy for his company of cavalry,
still incomplete, he is apprised that the attention of the
petitioner was early directed to all the difficulties which would
beset him therein, and that more cannot be done for him in
that matter than has already been done.
January 19. — On the request of Baron Buccleuch and Cap-
tain Ariskin, praying that they may be allowed to increase the
companies of his Scottish regiment up to 150 men, their
regulation strength, consideration of the matter was postponed,
till the Provinces of the State shall have given their consent.
January 24. — At the request of Archd Ariskin, it was
agreed that the Commissioner of the Treasury pay to the
petitioner the transport money of one hundred infantry at
eight guilders a head — and that on the bases of the resolution
— from the time that he arrived at Veere, but deducting what
he received at Veere, Dordrecht, here and elsewhere, in money,
forage, and victuals.
January 27. — To write to the States of Utrecht, and ask
to be informed by them whether they have given any sup-
plies to the cavalry company of Archd Areskyn, and, if so,
to what extent. Item, What horses had he ? also, How is
the company equipped ?
February 5. — It is agreed that 1200 guilders be provided for
the time being for the Cavalry Captain Archd Areskin towards
the maintenance of his company of cavalry till the last of this
month, according to the order made thereanent ; provided he
be told to have his company formed against the first of March
next, according to the resolution given him in writing. Or in
default the States shall report him.
May 7. — Agreed that the Cavalry Captain Archd Areskin
shall, beyond the month's payment which was yesterday
accorded to his company, be by anticipation furnished (in
order that in the service of the Land he may take his com-
pany out of Utrecht, and bring them into the field), with the
sum of two thousand guilders, provided that the said sum be
deducted from him during the next four months.
i6os] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 199
January 25. — The Advocate of Holland reported that the
Baron of Buccleuch had complained to him that justice was
not done him against Captain Bruce, who killed his lieutenant
Captain Hamilton in a duel. In respect that the said Bruce is
suffered to walk about the streets here in the Hague, notwith-
standing that he had been summoned to the Council of War.
And praying for justice, to remove all sources of trouble before
going a-field.
Item. That he may have leave to increase his company,
beyond his present strength (of two hundred), to two hundred
and fifty men, at which he is always to hold the same complete.
Having consulted as to both the said points, it was resolved
respecting the first that the Council of War be earnestly
recommended to adjudicate on the death of the said Hamilton,
in order that all inconveniences and misunderstandings
among the troops of the Scottish nation may soon be re-
moved.
Regarding the second point, the States agreed that if, at
the muster of the company of the said Baron of Buccleuch,
there be found twenty or thirty qualified soldiers beyond the
authorised number on active service in the same company,
that these shall be passed in the muster and paid.
Claims of Sir William Balfour.
(April 15, 1605.)
MESSIEURS, — Quand nos subiectz nous prient de choses justes Diplomatic
il appartient a notre honneur de tenir la main a leur satisfaction. CorresP°nd-
C'est pourquoy a Tinstance de ce gentilhome Sire Guillaume icos!
Balfour Chevalier, nfe serviteur domestique filz du feu colonnel
Balfour, mort en vfe service, Nous reiterons la requeste que
quelqu'an passe vous avions faicte en sa faveur, a fin que luy
faire payer quarante et deux mille florins, desquels vous estez
redevables a son diet pere, dont le droict et tiltre luy appartient.
Mais ces premieres lettres apporterent si peu de fruict que
force luy est vous importuner de rechef, et a nous le seconder de
nfe faveur, tant pour le respect que nous avons au gentil-
home, come pour la raison qu'a la chose en soy, ayant este
lesdictes lettres acquises au colounel defunct par ses longs et
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1605
signales services, et en fin par sa mort, laquelle vous avez raison
de rememorer et recognoistre envers son heritier. Ce que nous
esperons que vous ferez, voyant qu'avons et Paffaire a coeur et
le gentilhome en estime, tant pour nous donner contentement
en sa satisfaction come pour luy oster Toccasion de penser a
d'aultres moyens. Escript a nre maison de Grenewich, le
quinsiesme jour d'Avril, Tan de nre regne de la grande
Bretaigne, France et Irlande le troisiesme.
JAQUES R.
MESSEIGNEURS, MESSEIGNEURS LES ESTATZ GNAULX DES PRO-
VINCES UNIES, — Remonstreen toute reverence et humilite le Sieur
Guillaume de Balfour, Chevalier etc., filz ayne de feu Collounel
Henry Balfour, Qu'il desirant ensuivre les traces de son feu Seigr
et pere, lequel a laisse sa vie en la defence de vf e j uste cause et
guerre, il a passe quelque huict mois accepte une compagnie au
regiment du Baron de Backlouch sous esperance de meilleur
advancement a la premiere occasion, Or, comme il lui con-
viendra quiter des tres belles conditions qu'il a pres de sa
Mt6 son maistre, pour vacquer au present service. Supplie tres
humblement qull plaise a voz Seigneuries le recompenser par
le paiement de certaines obligations qu'il a pour le deu du
service de son Seigr et pere comme app* par les copies icy
joinctes veu qu'il est heritier et considere le quiter de la debte
et Ires de faveur de sa Ste Mat6 escrite a cest effect a voz Sie%
Ensemble son bon zelle et affection vers Tadvancement de vfe
cause, et signamment qu'il passe soubs silence des aultres
obligations de ceulx de Bruges et pays de Francq, d'aultant
qu'elles sont a leur charges en particulier.
COPIE i.
Nous prelatz, nobles et deputes des villes, representants les
estats gnaulx des pays bas, presentement assembles en la ville
d'Anvers a tous ceulx qui ces presentes verront, salut. Comme
par descompte faict et arreste par le commissaire Charles
Longin, avecq le Sieur Christoffer Edmiston, capne d'une
compaignie de gens de pied soubz le Regiment du Coronel
i6os] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 201
Balfour, soit trouve que au capne soit defalque au descompt a
nre prouffict la somme de deux mille livres, de quarante gros
monnaye de flandres la livre, a cause d^armes et munitions
livres au Regiment par Guill. Lindsay. Scavoir faisons que
pour asseurer le Sr Guill. Lindsay de son deu et Tanimer a
continuer semblables services, Avons promis et asseure, pro-
mectons et asseurons par ceste de payer au d1 Guill. Lindsay ou
au porteur de cestes lad. somme de deux mille livres, dicte
nionnoye, endans six mois prochains de trois mois en trois mois
par esgalle portion a commencher avoir cours doiz (des ?) le
premier de ce pnt mois de Mars xvc soixante dix nef et de la
enavant, jusques a la parpaie de lad. somme, et ce par les
mains de nre Tresorier des guerres Thierry van der Beken,
present ou aultre advenir. Obligeans a cest effect nous et
-chacun de nouz, nos personnes etbiensquelzconques meubles et
immeubles, pfns et advenir, les soubmectons a la coerction de
tous et quelzconques juges, tant ecclesiastiques que seculiers,
avecq renunciation de touttes exceptions et privileges, signam-
ment celle dictant que generalle n'est d^aulcune valeur si
Tespecialle ne precede ; le tout sans aulcune fraulde ou
malenziez. Moyennant que la presente soit enregistree et
verifiee en nre chambre des aides. En tesmoignage de verite
avons faict cacheter cestes du cachet accoustume et faict signer
par un de noz secretaires.
Par ordonnance expresse desd* Srs Estats.
HOUFFLIN.
Faict a Anvers le xxiii6 jour de mars xvc soixante dix neuf.
COPIE ii.
Nous Prelats Nobles et Deputez etc. . . . Comme par
.descompte faict et arreste par le commissaire des moustres
Charles Longin avec les capitaines du Regiment du Colonnel
Balfour soit trouve que aud. capitaines soit defalcque aud.
descompte a nre proffict la somme de onze mil trois cent trente
quatre livres, de quarante groz monnoye de flandres la livre, a
cause d^armes et munitions livres aud. Regiment par led. Sr
Balfour, Scavoir faisons, que pour asseurer led. Sr Colonnel
202 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1605
Balfour de son d. deu et Tanimer a continuer sembles services,
Avons promis et asseure, promectons et asseurons par cestes de
payer aud. Sr Balfour ou au porteur de cestes, lad. somme de
onse mil trois cens trente quatre livres dicte monnoye, endeans.
an et demy prochain, et trois termes par esgalle portion, a
commencher avoir cours dois le premier de ce mois de Mars et
de la en avant jusques a la parpaye de lad. somme, et ce par les
mains de nre Tresorier de guerres Thierry van der Beken
present ou aultre advenir, etc., etc. HOUFFLIN.
Faict en lad. ville d'Anvers le xxiii6 de Mars xvc soixante dix
nef, etc.
COPIE in.
Nous Prelatz, nobles et deputes etc. Comme par descompte
faict et arreste par le commissaire Charles Longin, avec le Sr
Balfour, coronnel d'ung Regiment de gens de pied Escossois et
pour le restant du traictement de sa personne de sa com-
paignie coronnelle, soit trouve qu'aultre les prests, rabas et
payemens qu'aud. Sr Coronnel avons faict depuis lu xviii6 de
Novembre xvc Ixxvii, jour de Tentree de son service, jusques le
dernier du mois de febvrier dernier passe jour dud. descompte
luy serions demeurez redebuables la somme de dix huict mille
deux cens xcl £ xv s, de quarante gros monnaye de flandres la
livre. Scavoir faisons que pour donner aud. Sr Coronnel tout
contentement possible endroict le payement de lad. somme et
affin de rammer de tant plus de continuer vertueusement en
nre service, Avons promis et asseure, promectons et asseurons
par cestes, payer aud. Sr Coronnel Balfour, ou au porteur de
cestes lad. somme de xviiim iic iiiixxxi £xv s dicte monnaye,
endeans an et demy prochain venant etc., etc. HOUFFLIN.
November 22. — On information received that in Scotland twa
regiments of servants1 are being raised for the enemy, it is
resolved that this be made known to the Admiral of the fleet
before Dunkirk ; charging him to keep a look out for them
and in case he should capture any English or Scots, who are
1 The word Knechten = servants may be short for Lanzknechts = fo«f£ry, or it
may just mean serving-men.
i6o6] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 203
being conveyed to the enemy, to see that they are thrown
overboard.
1606, January 3. — At the request of Colonel Edmond, it
was agreed that a Commissary of musters [or muster master]
be sent to Rotterdam to inspect the new Scots arrived there,
brought over by Lieutenant William Martin, and make them
delay for some days, to see if in the interim the forty Scots
whom he still expects arrive ; so that, thereafter, having heard
the report of the said Commissary, it may after be resolved
whether one company shall be made up out of them or not.
1606, January 6. — Resolved to write to the Commissioners
of the Councils of Holland, that seeing the States have resolved
to keep the said Scots in their service, their lordships shall be
pleased to arrange with the Magistracy of Rotterdam to
accommodate and put them up in their city for a certain short
time. That the States have issued an order by which a loan
is granted them for fourteen days, and that further orders will
immediately be issued that the same be continued ; so that on
that account they need furnish no more victuals to the said
soldiers. It was further resolved that Lieutenant Martin, who
brought the said Scots over from Scotland, if he should succeed
in forming a company of new Scots, fresh from Scotland,
within a month or six weeks, capable and qualified soldiers, to
the number of 150 heads, will have a commission over them
granted to him ; otherwise the foresaid soldiers shall be
reduced, that, in the interim, order shall be taken that the
same be supported by a loan, that is to say with a dollar each
soldier (officers included).
February 27. — It was found desirable to charge the first
[muster] commissary to betake himself to Rotterdam, and
review the company of Scots arrived there from Calais, raised
in Scotland, for the service of the enemy, and see whether the
soldiers are suitable for the service of the Land, and provide
them with three days' provisions.
April 28. — On the request of John Balfour, brother of Baron
Balfour of Burley, praying to be allowed to form a company
of Scottish infantry for the service of the Land, it was resolved
that, a considerable number of recruits being still expected
trom Scotland, the request of the petitioner in the meantime
ie over.
204
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1606
Captain Erskine's Company.
The Magistracy of Zwolle to the Council of State.
(May 21, 1606.)
MY LORDS, — We cannot withhold from you how having, by
order of his Excellency, last autumn received the cavalry com-
pany of Captain Arskin, we could at first supply them only
very badly with lodgings, they being people of a foreign
nation, and also in appearance completely impoverished and
sickly. Besides that, we were already provided with other com-
panies, both mounted and on foot, hence all hesitated to lodge
the said cavalry. However, by persuasion and encouragement,
we at length prevailed on our burgesses to receive them. Now
it so happened that the said captain left this place shortly
after his arrival, and owing to indisposition or other hindrances
has not yet returned. On account of which said cavalry, dur-
ing the time they have been here in garrison, have received
very little money, and therefore would have had no means of
support for themselves and their horses, had not the burghers
with whom they lodged commiserated them and assisted them
with victuals, oats, hay, and other necessaries, in the full
expectation that from time to time th« captain would come
with pay or send the money.
While upwards of ten to twelve hundred thalers have in
this way now been spent on the cavalry, and the burghers are
expecting that these troops may soon receive orders to march
to the field, we have had earnest representations and entreaties
from said burghers to aid them in obtaining payment for their
outlays, otherwise they expressly declare that when the orders
arrive, and the troopers proceed to remove their horses from
the stalls, they intend to retain them in lieu of payment;
therefore we cannot refrain from, in the most friendly manner,
making request to your lordships that the money for the pay
of said company, to be drawn by the said captain, be with-
held for behoof of our burghers. Otherwise it will be im-
possible to prevent the said burghers from retaining the horses,
as security, till they receive payment ; because they are, for
the most part, people with very limited means, to whom any
loss is a serious matter. And though in this matter we trust
1607] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 205
entirely to your lordships, we desire, nevertheless, that you
may be pleased to send in return to us by the bearer of this,
our express messenger, a small rescript. — Herewith, etc., your
lordships good friends,
THE BURGOMASTERS, ALDERMEN, AND COUNCIL
OF THE TOWN OF ZwOLLE.
September 12. — Received a letter, of date 7 September, from Resolutions
his Excellency, wherein his Excellency requests that the States
would be graciously pleased to have Lieutenant-Colonel William
Brogge in favourable recommendation, before any other, for
the colonelcy of the regiment of the late Edmond. After
consultation, the reply was ordered to be sent, that so far as
his Excellency considers it proper to grant the regiment to the
foresaid Lieutenant-Colonel Brogge, in which the same has
served as lieutenant, the States agree thereto, provided no other
officers be appointed over the regiment, so long as it is
doubtful whether, after the month of September, the burdens
of war will be so heavy.
1607. January 27. — In regard to his long and faithful
services, Colonel Brogh is granted a salary of four hundred
guilders a month, as Colonel Edmond likewise formerly had.
February 23. — At the request of Captain Henry Bruce, pray-
ing for full payment and recompense for his past services, it was
determined and declared that the States-General, considering
their situation of affairs, have treated the petitioner as favour-
ably as anybody else, of whatever nation, in the service of the
Land, that he will therefore, for a change, have to content
himself for the present.
March 19. — Two petitions were read from the widow of
Andrew Macrevaels, in life cadet in the company of Captain
James Blair, and from the widow of Captain Robert Barkly, also
cadet of the said company, praying respectively for payment,
the one of one hundred, the other of eighty guilders, for
services rendered to the Land by their said late husbands, under
the said Captain Blair, but an understanding was come to
that, on account of their being likely to form a precedent,
these payments cannot be entertained.
April 11. — On a request of the relict and orphans of
206
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1607
Captain Robert Barkly, Scotsman, it was ordered to place the
same in the hands of the Clerk of the Treasury, to discover
how long petitioners husband had served, and what balance is
due to him. Item. What has been paid to the same, or to
the petitioner, by the Receiver-General, or by the Receiver
of Holland, and, otherwise, how widows in like circumstances
have been treated ?
Prince Maurice to the Council of State.
NOBLE, HONOURABLE, VERY WISE AND DISCREET, OUR SPECIALLY
GOOD FRIENDS, — MY LORDS, — Captain Francis Henderson has
complained to us, that you object to permit the arrears of his
pay, to which he is entitled, to be sent after him, which are
due to him as having served as sergeant-major in the regi-
ment of Colonel Buccleuch, during a period referred to in the
accompanying remonstrance ; as to which he beseeches us to
speak a word in his favour to your lordships, in order that he
may have it granted him. And because we well know that he
has filled the said office from June 1604 till now ; though
Captain Halket filled the same post about four months during
his absence, and there is now Captain Forbes, who replaced
him. Therefore in all friendship we request your Honours, by
these presents, to issue an order that he be paid for his past
services. — Your lordships1 obedient friend,
(Sd) MAURICE DE NASSAU.
The Hague, the last day of March 1607.
To the Council of State.
MY LORDS, — Thomas Marchbank, ensign in the company
of the late Commander Edmonds, and afterwards of Colonel
Brough, has informed us, and shown by petition, in the name
of George Ramsay, lieutenant of the same company, and in
his own name, that although they had served long years in the
said company, and had been garrisoned with them on several
occasions in our City, and had held their soldiers in such good
order, discipline, and quietness, that they had not only been
thanked by their late commander and the soldiers themselves,
but even by the whole community here. That in spite of all
i6o;] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 207
this, it pleased their present colonel and captain, Brough, to
shift them from their respective posts without, be it noted,
having any reason for doing so, and in revenge at the soldiers
having demanded their arrears from the widow Edmonds,
deeming that they were the instigators, though that had not
been shown, and the charge had been withdrawn. And since,
as they said, we were acquainted with their good conduct
while garrisoned in Utrecht; and further with their faithful
services, which should be taken into consideration, in the battle
of Flanders, the sieges of Ostend, Rynberck, and elsewhere,
they therefore besought us most humbly to grant them a
declaration or prescript to lay before your lordships, regarding
their conduct and behaviour in Utrecht, in order that they
may thereby promote their interests with you, in complaining
of the matter aforesaid. That we could not refuse them ; and
we hereby declare, that the said company remained several
years consecutively in garrison within our town ; that the
foresaid officers kept the company in such good discipline,
and the soldiers conducted themselves so modestly and politely
in their intercourse with the burgers, that we and the general
community derived much pleasure from their conduct, which is
the reason why we address your lordships. Praying Almighty
God to have you in His holy keeping, Your honours1 obedient
friends,
SHERIFF, BURGOMASTER, AND ALDERMEN
OF THE TOWN OF UTRECHT.
Written at Utrecht, the 25 April 1607.
Anne oca
JAMES R.
TRUSTY AND WELBELOVED, WEE GREET you WELL. A subiect
of owers, called George Ramsey, Lieutenaunt to Collonell
Edmonds, is now a suiteur to the States Gen1 to be releived
wth some pension or other advancement in regard of his long
services and infirmities contracted in their service. And hath
had reason to alleage unto them for his suite having spent
many yeares in their service ; had two brothers slayne there,
and lastly weakness happened to himself, wherewth though we
doubt not but they wil be moved to have consideracon of him,
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1607
yet because he is one of whome we have heard well and doe
desire to have him releived, we are pleased that you shall use
ouer recomendacon of him to them, and move them to it, as a
matter much desired by us, and wch we will take in kind part
at their handes, and require you to urge them to it, wth as
much earnestnes as reasonably you may.
Given under ouer Signet at our Mannour of Hatfeild, the
five and Twentith day of July, in the third yere of ouer raigne
of great Brytaine, ffraunce, and Irelande.
[Addressed]
To our trusty and welbeloved Raphe Wynwood, esquire,
our Agent resydent with the States of the unyted provinces
of the Lowe Countries.
Of the xiiith of August.
To the Council of State.
MY LORDS, — Your missive of the 24 April last was
handed to me on the last day of the following month, and
from it I am led to understand that your Honours' opinion
and intention, in conformity with the note of his Excellency,
appended to the request of William Stuart, Ensign, is to the
effect, that I should receive him again into my company, and
permit him to enjoy the full effect of said note, unless I
could allege some strong reasons to the contrary. Will it
please your Honours, therefore, to accept these as reasons to
be taken into consideration that the deceased, killed by the
said remonstrant, is my cousin-german, and a near blood
relative ; obviously therefore it would be impossible for me to
endure to have the remonstrant going about before my eyes,
and more difficult still to have him serving in my company
without loss of respect, and his being in it would give rise to
divers serious inconveniences, which, owing to natural affection
for a blood relative, might supply material for more and
greater grievance to the other than what has been referred to.
Therefore, I hope your lordships, duly weighing what has
been said, will be pleased to take such action as may be most
advisable for securing quiet, peace, and tranquillity to both
i6o/] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 209
parties. Moreover, may it please you to order the said ensign
to keep himself anywhere else out of my sight.
Herewith I pray the Almighty to have your lordships
under the shield and protection of His grace, to whom also I
very humbly commend myself. Your honours1 most obedient
servant,
(Signed) DAVID RAMSAY.
From Bergen on the Zoom, the first May a° 1607.
Complaint from the Town of Heusden.
Heusden, 20 May 1607. — Your lordships must already be Letters and
well acquainted, from the correspondence of our Lord Governor,
my noble Lord of Hierez, with the miserable condition of this of state,
town, occasioned mostly by the six English and Scottish Com-
panies, who have several times been in garrison within the
town, and are still here at present, besides two other Nether-
land companies, and chiefly by the English company of Cap-
tain Konnock, wherein the greatest disorder is found. The
common soldiers complaining bitterly, because of their miser-
able rations and bad payment, and that to such a degree,
that had not the soldiers at our earnest entreaty been
provided with a weekly loan, by treasurer Bruynincx, we
should to-day be in fear of a new species of mutiny. There-
fore, along with our Lord Governor aforesaid, we pray that
your lordships may so arrange matters, that in future all such
disorders be provided against and prevented ; and that you
may be pleased to intercede with his Excellency, in order that
some companies of the said foreign nations, and in particular
that of Konnock, which has been the longest in garrison here,
may be changed, a measure which will not only contribute to
the security of this frontier place, but confirm our town and
its inhabitants in greater loyalty. Therefore we conclude this
with humble respects to your lordships, praying the Amighty
to spare the same, etc.
At Heusden, this 30th May 1607. At order of the bailiff,
the burgomasters, and rulers of the town of Heusden,
VAN HAERSVELT.
210 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1607
Annexa to the preceding letter.
MY LORDS, — To-day certain soldiers of the company of
Captain Konnock proceeded to plunder several houses of
certain bakers and provision merchants of the bread and
victuals exposed in their shops, doing this, as I am informed,
through want of money ; and the citizens, because of this, are
in perplexity and highly dissatisfied, and truly not without
cause, since it might easily happen, particularly with the
foreigners, that, although those in the other companies are not
in such a state of destitution, they might be seduced into
taking part in a factious rising of the sort, through hope of
disorder and pillage. I pray that it may please your lord-
ships to restore matters to due order with all diligence. I
have written to his Exy about changing the garrison. Eight
Companies are here, six of which are English and Scottish. I
hope his Exy will send two or three Netherland companies
here, and remove again out to the country some of the strangers,
particularly the company of Captain Konnock, which from
the first has continually been in bad order — more so than
proper officers ought to tolerate, as the whole city can testify.
Meantime I shall continue to do my duty in everything, as
God knows ; to whom I pray that He may maintain your
lordships in a long, prosperous, and blessed government.
At Heusden this 30th May 1607, Y. H. M. humble and
faithful servant, MAXIMILIAN DE HORMES.
Resolutions Juty 21. — Alexander Stuart, cuirassier in the company of
of states- cavalry of the late Colonel Edmond, was continued in his pay-
r* PTIPT3 1 L •/
ment of fifty guilders a month, being what he had under the
said colonel, and the company of the Count of de Broucke.
September 4. — On the request of Colonel Brogh, he having
received into his company 37 soldiers from the disbanded
company of Captain Cranston, and 18 soldiers of Captain
Robbert, also out of said disbanded company, an under-
standing was come to that the said soldiers shall be accounted
as the petitioner's from the date when it shall be proved he
received them.
December 13. — On the request of Alexander Stuart, it was
agreed that, inasmuch as the petitioner actually went into ser-
i6o8] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS
vice under Cavalry Captain Areskeyn, the pay of fifty guilders
a month of forty-two days, allowed him by the Council of
State, shall be paid him.
December 15. — To the surviving son of the late Captain
Barkly, who fell in the battle of Flanders, was granted a place
in any similar company, such as the said captain^s surviving
widow, married to Bartholomew de Bonder, may choose ; and
to the said widow, out of commiseration, a grant of fifty
guilders in all.
1608, January 19. — Jaques Douglas, sometime Ensign in
the company of Captain Cathcart, in consideration of certain
things, was granted eighteen guilders, provided that he do not
pester the States further.
March 18. — The request of Colonel Stuart was read, and it
was resolved, and on the said request decided, that since the
petitioner by particular favour, on the recommendation of the
Earl of Orkney, got a commission to bring from Scotland, for
the service of the Land, a company of infantry, of one hundred
and forty men, the States-General, in order to show still
greater favour to the petitioner, permit the same, and consent
by these presents, to the said company being again transported
out of these Lands to Sweden, in the king^s service and by his
request.
June 30. — On the request of Jacques Bruce, Scotsman, late
ensign of Captain Sinclair, praying for the post of officer of
artillery, in the place of Peter Stuart, also a Scotsman, said
request is refused.
July 1. — It was agreed that the Receiver pay the monthly
payments due to the late Peter Stuart, Scotsman, officer of
artillery, in which Stuart died, in order to cover therewith
the expenses of his funeral.1
Proposals of' Captain Bruce.
July 24. — The Advocate of Holland has forwarded certain
information, received by him from Calais, from the agent
Digart, touching a certain plan, which one of the Scots
captains named Bruce offers to carry out, and which would in
the highest degree be of advantage to the Land, on condition
1 See pp. 187 and 188.
212 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1608
that he be recompensed, namely, either as he may engage, or
on a pay of three hundred guilders a month, or that he should
be given command of one-half of the Scottish regiment of the
Baron of Buccleuch. Otherwise he shall withhold the said
information and depart with it to Italy.
After consultation, an understanding was come to that it
be ascertained from his Exy whether he has any particular
advice or explanation regarding the above mentioned com-
munication, and if not, no attention is to be paid to it.
July 25. — In a report of the Advocate of Holland, heard of
his Excy's approval of the plan which Captain Herman Bruce
offers to carry out, on terms proposed by him, as to certain
matters, touching in the highest degree the security of the
government of the Land.
It was thought good to write to the Agents Aerssen and
Digart to test the foresaid captain, and try to draw out of
him what the service really is that he offers to do, and to that
end to assure the same that in so far as the matters which he
offers to carry out are, as he says, important to the government
of the Land, he is to be given to understand that in regard to
them the States shall recognise his services according to their
usual discretion and the demands of the service which he may
therein do to the Land.
Septtr 25. — A letter was read from Captain Bruce, of
7 September, enclosing certain advices, regarding which he has
given more particular information, for the service of the
Land, to the Agent Aerssen, in the full confidence that he
will obtain from the States due recognition for this.
After deliberation, it was resolved and agreed to write to the
said Agent Aerssen that they have seen the explanation which
the said captain has made to him ; for which, on their part, he
is to thank the same, and assure him that their Highnesses, and
his Exy have been perfectly informed about the said design
for more than fifteen years ; and with such certainty, that his
Exy. has always had it in view, as among other things was
apparent when the Admiral of Arragon entered the territory
of Cleves, and passed the Rhine with a powerful army, and
made an attempt on the fortifications of Gravenweert, and at
last, the enemy having besieged the city of Groll, at the time
i6o8] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 213
when his Ex^, to prevent the design on Graven weert and their
quarters, allowed a flying column to stay in that locality.
Afterwards he led there a large fleet, with pontoons and ships,
against the advance of the enemy. Nevertheless the States
agree to satisfy the said Captain Bruce with two or three
hundred crowns, or at the utmost with a thousand guilders in
all, and he, Aerssen, is to furnish him with said sum ; or make
him the offer, that should he desire to come here to await his
fortune, he shall be recommended as occasion presents itself.
December 1. — The Messrs, van Loenen, Oldenbarneveld, and
van der Aa are commissioned to converse more particularly,
and hear from Captain Bruce, what more he has to communcate
in the service of the Lands than what he has done.
December 10. — The Messrs, v. Loenen, Oldenbarneveld, and
van der Aa, gave in a report of their conference with Captain
Bruce, arrived from France, as to certain communications of
his made in the service of the Land. And having deliberated
thereon, it was agreed, that an order for five hundred guilders
in all be despatched to the said Captain Bruce for his main-
tenance; that meanwhile it shall be decided later about his
departure, and the recognition of any good services performed
by him to the Land, and known to the States.
January 3, 1609. — The request of Henry Bruce was read,
but in the meantime a decision was postponed.
June 10. — There was granted to Henry Bruce, formerly
captain, for all his claims of services, and beyond the sum
accorded him before, five hundred guilders, provided there
be deducted from it the sum that the agent Aerssen credited
him with in France.
July 17. — To Captain Henry Bruce, on account of certain
good considerations, and for all his claims on the Land, beyond
the five hundred guilders last accorded him, is still added
three hundred guilders. And it is agreed to despatch him an
order for both, together amounting to eight hundred guilders,
it being understood that the first five hundred guilders granted
the petitioner, for some special services, are not included
therein.
August 10. — To Captain Henry Bruce were granted letters
of recommendation to the Margrave of Ansbach, containing in
214
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
[1608
substance : Seeing the petitioner has served very long and
faithfully in these Lands, and that he is a man who could be
of service to His Serene Highness, the States do therefore
recommend His Serene Highness that he be pleased, in so far
as he may find it prudent to have in his service people of the
Scottish nation, to employ the same.
Recommendation by the Burgomasters and Aldermen of the
City of Breda.
MY LORDS, — We humbly recommend ourselves to your good
graces. Jacques Lawson, Scotsman, burgher of this town, has
begged us, in a written request here enclosed, to grant him
letters favourably recommending him to your lordships for
the post of cannoneer of this city. Which request we have
the more willingly had written on his behalf as we are aware
that the said Jacques has served the Land for a long time
well and faithfully, and that afterwards, as a burgher of this
city, he conducted himself as a reputable and respectable man,
and we never heard any other report of him ; and in addition,
Thomas Wymerbeeck, commander of the cannoneers, has
certified, by mark of hand, that Jacques Lawson would be
found highly qualified for said post. We therefore pray your
lordships that this our recommendation be serviceable to the
said Lawson. Wherewith concluding, we shall ever pray, etc.
— Your lordships obedient,
BURGOMASTERS AND ALDERMEN OF THE CITY BREDA.
This 26 July 1608.
Letters and
Requests to
the Council
State.
The Company oj Captain Mackenzie at Aardenburg.
MY LORDS, — We have received your lordships1 missive,
together with the enclosed request from the clerk Johan
Bogaert. From which we learn that the substance of his
complaint to you refers to a certain building, on which, he
asserts, he has expended something by way of repairs. Let it
suffice for an answer, that at the capture of the town the
said house was found to be an old building, and Captain
Elderen, then major here, put a certain smith into it, and
after he left, the said clerk affirms that he made certain repairs
1606] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 215
on it. Then the company of Captain Mackingi [?] arrived
as a garrison, and difficulty was found in securing accommoda-
tion, and the lieutenant of the said company and some of
his soldiers were quartered in the building, and still lodge
there. He went accordingly on the understanding that the
house being abandoned, and no proprietor living in it, it was
quite at the service of the Land. Further, we submit these
repairs or claims to the discretion of your lordships, etc. —
Your mighty Honours' obedient servant,
FBANS HASEMAN.
At Aerdenburch, the 1 September 1608.
1608, September 19. — There was read the request of Captain Resolutions
William Balfour,1 recommended by the King of Great Britain,
both by His Majesty's letters and orally by the ambassadors
who had been in England. And it was agreed that the States-
General, being at present so occupied with matters of extreme
importance in regard to the Land, their High Mightinesses
cannot attend to the request of the petitioner ; but that this
shall be done at a more convenient opportunity, and be then
disposed of as may be found proper.
The Magistracy of Zwolle re Capt. Erskine^s Cavalry Company.
1608, Decr 3. — MY LORDS, — Since the decease of Captain Letters and
Arch. Arskin, it has been found that he owed to our burghers ^ ^Coiuidi0
here, and to others, a considerable sum of money. Moreover, of state,
some members of the said captain's family took upon them to
remove by unlawful methods from this place, and retain the
horses and other goods left by the captain. We have ordered
the same to be apprehended, and did all in our power to cause
the horses and other goods to be brought back, and stored
beside the rest, to be kept for the benefit of the deceased's
heir, or otherwise for the benefit of the creditors, to whom he
is deeply indebted. And seeing that the pay of the troopers,
due to them from said captain, is almost two months in
arrear, and in supporting themselves they have naturally run
into debt with our burghers, who have presented a petition,
wherein they beg us to use our influence with your lordships,
1 See p. 69, note 3.
216 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1609
in order that they may obtain payment; also particularly
requesting that the money be forwarded to us, in order that
payment may be made in presence of some of our number, and
that a due liquidation be effected between them and our
burghers, according to the wants of each one as occasion serves.
Seeing then that your lordships have sent the Commissary
Doubblet here, to muster the company in presence of our
deputies, and to account with each of the troopers as to his
arrears, and make liquidation, we cannot refrain from writing
to you, and sending a friendly request, that an arrangement
be made by your lordships, by which those who pay this
money to the company, may be particularly charged to make
such payments in presence of our deputies. And that as
regards the captain's pay, and the horses of his own he had in
the company, an account be left and delivered into our hands,
and kept beside the other goods, in the interest of the heirs or
creditors. — Your lordships' good friends,
THE BURGOMASTERS, ALDERMEN, AND COUNCIL
OF THE TOWN ZwOLLE.
Dated at Zwolle, the 3rd December 1608.
Annexa to the request sent by the Magistrates of Zwolle.
(Presented 28 Nov. 1608.)
To THE WORSHIPFUL BURGOMASTERS, ALDERMEN AND COUNCIL
OF THE CITY OF ZWOLLE. — In all submission, this is pre-
sented by the common troopers of the deceased Captain
Arch. Arreskyne in garrison here in the city; who on
their part were engaged on monthly wage or pay, and now
on Thursday next, the first December of this year 1608,
they will be two months in arrear, and in addition all
previous reckonings are in arrear. Against these arrears, the
remonstrants owe large sums of money to the burghers, who
can in no way be satisfied, till payment be made to them of
their arrears. Accordingly the remonstrants most humbly
and submissively entreat and request that it may please you
graciously to further the promotion of their request to their
Highnesses the States, that payment may be made of their
arrears, so that your burghers may afterwards be paid in full
i6o8] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND PETITIONS 217
and satisfied, as they ought to be. And this with the further
request, that the money to be paid be delivered to none,
except to your worships alone, so that it be honestly handled,
and nobody, whether burgher or soldier, be defrauded, or have
deductions made from his account.
[Here follow forty-two signatures (in many cases difficult to
decipher).]
Jck Wil Wrayt.
Jan Willemsen van Zwolle.
Thomas Nicholles.
Saunder van Haltringe.
Archblde Lonide.
Edward Lawraince, Trumelter.
John Greene, Trumpeter.
A. T. Grae.
James Fozzeringam. [?]
James flenne.
Gel Mitsiel.
Jan Nickles.
Thomas Oxanfired.
Thamas Kilpatrick.
Mai. M. R. Kilpatrick.
Andris A. H. Call.
James Cox.
[Illegible name here.]
Andreis Kinnarie.
Bartollemeus von Guetelberg,
trumpeter.
Ro* Glen.
Patrick Innes.
Michell Gigel, Krieger.
Tomas Bigge.
Gorge Davidsone.
Crystoffel x Citon merck.
George X Glind merck.
David x Lang merck.
Tomas Patton.
Andrew Rouke.
Tomas Haldan.
Raff Ffensty.
Gabriel Colbraith.
Henri Bonare.
Andrea Stobhil.
David Fflint.
Alexander Pringill.
Patrick Bruce.
Sam x Semmes merck.
All. Bartholomew Cykis
Grinda.
Hendrik x Stockdyck merck,
Raeff x Ensleip merck.1
Complaint of the Governor of Heusden.
MY LORDS, — I am much astonished that your lordships
charged the Lieutenant-Provost of the State to deliver your
missive to the lieutenant of Captain Hamilton here, where-
through he passed secretly out of the town before the Com-
missary Van den Broucke left this, and thus said lieutenant
1 See also p. 275.
218 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [1609
disobeyed my orders and broke his parole. For (as I wrote
you before from here), I gave him his lodgings for a prison, and
said lieutenant promised to regard them as such. — Herewith,
etc., your honours1 humble servant,
MAXIMILIAN DE HORNES.
In Huesden, the 25th January 1609.
Resolutions 1609, January 8. — In reference to the request of John Blaire,
General. formerly ensign, and John Stuart, sergeant of the disbanded
company of Captain Archibald Arskin, it was decided to place
the same in the hands of the Council of State, in order to treat
the petitioners according to the general resolution passed in
regard to such matters.
DIVISION II
THE TIME OF THE TWELVE YEARS'
TRUCE
1609-1621
THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE 221
INTRODUCTORY
DURING the period of the Twelve Years'* Truce, the Scottish troops
in the service of the Netherlands consisted of the two infantry
regiments, commanded respectively by Sir William Brog and
by Lord Buccleuch, who was succeeded in 1612 by Sir Robert
Henderson, and apparently of two or three companies of
cavalry. One was the company commanded by the veteran
cavalry captain Alexander Wishart, who seems to have been
succeeded by Sir William Balfour, with whom he was in
negotiation in 1615, and with whom he had a. fracas at Leith
in 1616. The other was that commanded at one time by
Thomas Erskine and at another by Robert Irvine, and was
probably the company formerly commanded by Sir William
Edmond and subsequently by his son. In 1618 Sir William
Brog described his regiment as ' the first and oldest regiment
of foreign nationality in these Netherlands,1 and it undoubtedly
represented the Scottish companies which first came over to
the aid of William the Silent. Buccleuch's regiment had
arrived in the latter part of 1603.1 But although the country
was not at war, and although the documents present frequent
1 The appearance of officers' names in the ' States of War ' does not always
correspond with the date of entry of their commissions, and of their being
regarded as having taken the oath. The appointment seems frequently, even
when the original appointment is not noted as made by the commander-in-chief
to supply death vacancies in the field, to have preceded by some time the formal
commission and oath, and in many cases to have been originally made by the
provincial authorities. See case of George Coutts, July iQth, 1615, p. 280.
The Resolutions of Holland contain the following, dated November loth,
1618 : ' H. E\y appearing in the assembly mentions the custom heretofore always
adhered to in filling vacancies in the Captaincies of the Compies on Reparti-
tion Holland ; and many Compies, as well foreign as native, being now vacant, H.
Ex* desires to be told what the intentions are. Res. : H. Ex** shall continue to
have the right to fill the vacancies in foreign compies and all those occurring in
the field, in home compies after consulting the col. and commanding officers of
the respective Regts.'
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
illustrations that the soldiers of certain companies were living
in the ' piping times of peace,"* there were some opportunities
of special service, and with the active Spinola on their frontiers,
and their own suspicions of Spanish faith, the States had to
keep their house as a strong man armed. Indeed, when the
first rumblings of the Thirty Years1 War were felt in close
proximity to their eastern fortresses, Prince Maurice took the
field in a campaign of guarded reserve, in which Spinola and
he mutually passed each other by on the other side, while
practically aiding antagonists who were their respective allies.
In 1610, when the succession to the Duchies of Juliers and
Cleves was contested between Leopold of Austria on the one
side and the Elector of Brandenburgh and the Elector
Palatine on the other, an auxiliary force of British troops
was sent to the aid of the Protestant claimants. Two English
and one Scots regiment were made up from the British troops
serving in Holland, and in the case of the Scots, nine com-
panies were taken from the two regiments, Sir Robert Hender-
son of Buccleuch's regiment acting as Colonel, Caddell of
Brog's regiment as Lieut. -Colonel, and Sir William Balfour as
Sergeant-Major. The command of the whole was given to
Sir Edward Cecil (Lord Wimbledon),1 and the force distin-
guished itself in the siege and reduction of Juliers (Gulick).
In a narrative of the siege by an eyewitness, 2 the writer states
that on the 15th August
' this day ere night the enemy threw fireworks into General
Cecil's Main Batteries, which burnt long and did much harm
before the same could be quenched : the enemy maintaining the
same with cannon and musket the most part of the night : but
Sir Robert Henderson, Colonel of the Scots, had the Guard that
night, who shewed great judgment both to quench it and to
hinder the enemy from attempting it any more, who shot wild fire
and granadoes most part of the night.'
Juliers was surrendered on 1st September. The reputation
already gained in the service of the States is well illustrated by
1 See Dalton's Life and Times of General Sir Edward Cecil, Viscount
Wimbledon, List of Officers, State Papers, Holland, 1610.
2 Weymouth's account of the Siege of Gulick, Royal MSS. (Dalton's
Cecil.)
INTRODUCTORY 223
an anecdote with which Lord Wimbledon commenced his little
* Treatise upon Cavalry.1* c Henry iv. of France, whensoever any
of the Princes, Nobilitie, or Gentry desired to kiss his hand,
would tell them they should have been much more welcome to
him if they had seen the face of the Prince of Orange,
meaning the wars by it.'
The instructions given in January 1615 to Sir Dudley
Carleton, on his being sent as Ambassador to the Hague, con-
tained a special clause relating to the English and Scottish
troops in Dutch pay. ' And because we have of our subjects
in the service of the States upon the point of 200 companies
we cannot but be sensible of their good, and therefore recom-
mend them to your care and protection to assist them with
your countenance in all their lawful causes and pursuits, and
by your power to defend them from injuries and wrongful
oppression.'1 The English companies which had hitherto
formed the garrisons of the cautionary towns were in 1616
erected into an additional regiment, thus making the British
infantry in the Dutch service consist of two Scots and four
English regiments.
The Ambassador's correspondence contains several references
to the Scots in foreign service. At one time he conveys the
apprehensions of the States that the Earl of Argyle is going
to take service with the Spaniards ; 2 at another Sir Robert
Henderson cautions him in regard to a deserted soldier of his
company, who has become a c meddler with Jesuits ; 3 and again
1 On July 7th, 1617, Carleton mentions having sent a despatch to His Majesty
by Colonel Brogue, and on Feb. 4th, 1617-8 acknowledges having received one
from Secretary Lake by Sir William Balfour.
2 1618. Nov. 3rd. — Carleton states that S. Horace Vere reported that the
States am1"8 came to him * to acquaint him that the States were advertised from
Brussels, that the Earl of Argyle having there settled himself and his lady in
their return from Spa this last summer, seeks the command of a regiment of the
king's subjects in the service of the Spaniard, which as it would turn much to
their prejudice by debauching with the English and Scots soldiers, who are ever
ready upon such new occasions to run to the enemy, they beseech his Majesty not
to give any to it.' 'Such would prove like that of the Irish, a nursery of dis-
affected persons.'
3 1619, May i5th, Sir Robert Henderson to Sir D. Carleton. — 'Concerning
William Gordon who had been of his company, but had left it above two years
and took away with him 2000 guilders, he married Straghan, a burgomaster's
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
the ambassador himself sends a cautious report upon Captain
Henry Bruce, who has just returned from the service of the
Emperor.1 That the Scottish troops were a powerful support
to the House of Orange in the struggle between Prince Maurice
and the Calvinists, and John van Olden Barneveld and the
Arminian party is also indicated by an experience of Colonel
Henderson's reported by Sir Dudley Carleton on June 18th, 1619.
' At Horn Schonoven and some other towns of Holland, the
Arminians in considerable numbers have had these last Sundays
past their meetings and preachings with public profession so to
continue, though it be with hazard of life and goods : and at
Alcmaer on Sunday last, an assembly of them being gathered to-
gether in a wood adjoining to the town and Colonel Hynderson
(who doth there command over the extraordinary troops sent
thither expressly to suppress these tumults) going thither to
accompany the states deputies who went to forbid the meeting,
was assailed by the people with their knives, not without some
danger to himself and the deputies, until a troop of soldiers came
up, by whom they were beaten away, but without blood.'
daughter, and left his wife miserably, so that it was not to be expected he would
come into these parts. That he was a debauched Papist and a meddler with
Jesuists. '
1 1620. April I5th. Carleton to Secretary Naunton. — ' Here is arrived some
few days since from Vienna a Scottish man of good place and reputation in the
Emperor's wars [Capt. Henry Bruce] who hath presented himself unto me, and
desired me to make known on his behalf to his Majesty that he hath voluntarily
retired himself with good leave of the Emperor, because he would not bear arms
against his Majesty's son-in-law. He hath served the Emperor formerly when
he was Duke of Gratz, in his wars against the Venetians when they lay before
Sardinia, and was now lately governor of Nidarburg in the confines of Austria
and Moravia, whereof the town being taken from him by surprise by the Count de
la Torre, though he rendered the castle by composition, it is thought his coming
away is not altogether voluntary. He was once in service of this State and well
esteemed of, but here he will be no more trusted, for he is a hot Papist, and
Parsons, the English Jesuit's books are his chief study. From hence he intends
to go directly into Scotland as soon as he can receive certain monies at Amster-
dam, which he hath exchanged to a good sum from Vienna, as that which he saith
he hath profited in the wars. Now, whether he comes as he pretends out of the
zeal of a good subject, or (as is suspected among his fellow-soldiers) upon dis-
grace, or (as may be doubted of one who changeth his religion in his old days)
employed by Jesuits, whose convert I hear he is, I humbly refer to His Majesty's
judgment. So it is, that I find him a person of that consideration that deserves
his Majesty's care what becomes of him.' (He went direct to England.)
INTRODUCTORY 225
The Twelve Years' Truce, which should have expired on the
9th of April 1621, was by the mediation of the British and
French Ambassadors prolonged to the 3rd of August, and it
was thought that if the Arch-Duke Albert had lived longer, it
would have been converted into a permanent peace. He died
on July 13th, and Prince Maurice, now by the death of his
elder brother the head of the House of Orange, was anxious
for fresh triumphs in the field.
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
[1610
STATES OF WAR (1610-1618).
1610
Holland.
monthly
men
monthly
Horsemen. compy pay
pay
Wisschardt, . 70 men £472
Henry Balfour, 70
£1059
Infantry.
Thomas Arskyn, „
n
Col. Backlouch, 200 „ 2612
Leuinston, . ,,
yy
Col. Brogh, 150 „ 2014
Francois Hender-
Capn Robert Hen-
son, . yy
yy
derson, . 100 „ 1417
Schot, . . „
yy
[Here follow a number of
Wilm Douglas, „
yy
L
English names.
Wm Balfour,
yy
men monthly
Wm Hutson, . „
yy
Caddel, . 70 £1059
George Bod well, ,,
yy
Oliuver Wodney, „ „
John Halket, . „
yy
Mackinge, . „ „
Mongo Hamilton, „
yy
W^Coutis,1 .
David Balfour, „
yy
Thomas Ewingh, sergeant-major of the Regiment of Brogh,
£30
Andrew Hunterus, clergyman of the Scots,2 . . £33,
s.6. 3d.
Pensions.
The Prince of Scotland, £5m yearly, . . . £4<xvi
s.13 d.4
The children of Capn John Nysbeth, yearly,
£200
Widow of Cn John Balfour. .....
50
The children of Capn Waddel, viz. Archibald, John and
Wm. each yearly, ......
Mrs. Margaret Stuart, widow of the Agent d' Amman,
Wm Murray ofPickerles, on the life of John, Agnete,
Elizabeth, and Margarete, his children, each J
part,
Elisabeth Crighton, widow of the Cn Dallachy, the half for
herself and the other half for John and Catherine
Dallachy, each £100,
Elisabeth Forbes, widow of Capn Willem van Nysbeth,
the one half at her death [the other half], to Wm.
Arthur, and Margareta Nysbet, each £ part, yearly
1 Probably a mistake for Allan Coutts.
2 Rev. Andrew Hunter. See representations by, pp. 245 and 294.
200
400
400
400
i6i3]
STATES OF WAR
227
The children of Capn Prop, Jan and Janneken Prop,
each the half, .....
Mrs. Anna Kirpatricx, widow of Capn Strachan,
The children of Cn James Egger, named Niclaes and
Margareta, each one half, ....
Mrs. Suanah Splithoff, widow of Capn Kilpatricx, the
one half till her death and the other half during
the lifetime of her children — Jan, Maria, and
Helena Kilpatricx, . ...
Prudentia Laurens, daughter of the Cavalry Captain
Louys Laurent, .....
Anna van Dyck, widow of Cn Blair,
Joost Blair, . . . . .
Zeeland. Infantry
[After several English names
come]
men monthly pay
Caps Walter Bruce, 70 £1059
„ George Homes, „ „
„ Mombry, „ „
Pensions
Bart. Balfour, yearly, £1000
The widow of Col. Morgan, 600
Utrecht. Infantry
£200
200
125
50
50
50
50
monthly
pay
£1059
Cn Hamilton, . 70
Setton, . . , „ „
Wm. Martin,1 ,, „
Pensions
The widow of James Blaire,
yearly £400
Andrew Renton,
150
1613
Rendered in August
Gelderland. Foot
Donaldson
70 men
£1059
Hollandt. Foot
Col. Brogh, . 150 men
£2014
Henry Balfour, . 70 men
£1059
Rt Henderson, 150 „
2014
Thos. Arskyn, . „
3)
Caddel, . . 70 „
1059
H. Levingston, . ,,
)3
Geo. Ramsey,2 . „
j)
Francois Henderson, „
33
Mackinge, . ,,
33
Schot [Robert], „
3)
Allane Coutis, . ,,
3)
Wm Douglas, „
33
1 See p. 203.
2 George Ramsay succeeded Captain Udny on 23rd October 1610, having
been recommended as lieutenant in 1607 and 1609 (pp. 207 and 240). He was
dead before I4th April 1615, when he was succeeded by John Kininmond. His
widow and children were recommended by Breda in 1616 (p. 283). See also
request by his widow, 24th May 1632.
228 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1613
W** Balfour, . 70 men £1059
Wm Hudson, . „ „
Geo. Bodwel, . „ ,,
Mongo Hamilton, 70 men £1059
Davidt Balfour, . „ „
D. Lindesay,1 . „ „
Jan Halket, „ „
Pay
Col. Brogh for his person, ..... £400 0 0
Wardens and Quartermasters
Thos. Ewing, Sfc major of Brogh, . . . 80 0 0
Robert Mestertou qr mr of Col. Brogh, . . . 50 0 0
Officers of Justice
Willem Carcadie, Provost Marshal of Brogh, . . 50 0 0
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, Minister of the Scots, . . . 33 6 8
Pensions
The son of Capn Penthon [Renton], . . . 12 10 0
The children of Capn Jan Nysbeth, . . . 16 13 4
Widow capn Jan Balfour, . . • £50 434
„ „ WmHendrick, . .120 10 0 0
Pieter Michiel, .... 50 434
Gracious Pensions
Widow Kirpatrick to enable her to keep little son at school for
6 years, ...... £50
Pensions for settlement of accounts and previous services
The children of cap. Waddel, Archibald, Jan, and Willem 200 each, £600
Maria Rig, Widow Capn Melvil, on the lives of Jacques, Davidt,
Janneken, Tanneken and Hester, 80 each, . . . 400
Guilliaume Murray of Pickerles on the lifes of Jan, Elisabeth and
Margaretha, his children, each one third, . . . 300
Jan and Catharina Dalachy, children of capn Dalachy, . . 200
Elisabeth Forbes, widow capn Wm Nysbeth, etc., . . . 400
Mistress Anna van Duvenvoorde, widow Col. Cuningham, etc., . 300
The children of cap. Prop, Jan and Janneken, . . . 200
Mistrees Anna Kirpatrick, widow cap. Strachan, . . . 200
The children of Cap. James Egger, Niclaes and Margaretha, . 175
Guiliam Sudeman capn on his life and on that of Maria van Eyck
his wife, or on the longest living, .... 100
widow Lfc Penbrouck, ...... 100
Zealand. Foot
Brouwnfielt, 70 men £1059
Jhon Hamilton, „ „
Walter Bruce, 70 men £1059
George Homes, . „ ,,
Moubray, . „ „
1 David Lindsay had succeeded to the company of Lord Buccleuch, having
taken the oath on 6th April 1612. He died before I2th February 1620.
1617] STATES OF WAR 229
Pay
Col. Robert Henderson, . . £300
Forbes, S* Major, . . 80
Blaire, qr mr, . . . 36
Michiel Henderson Pr. M., . 50
£466
Pensions
Col. Balfour 1000 yearly, . . . . . . £83 6 8
Utrecht. Foot
Setton, . . 70 men £1059
Vriesland. Foot
Arthur Forbes, . . 90 1297
Groriingen. Foot
Norman Bruce, . . 70 1059
1614
The list of officers (under Guelderland and Holland) is similar, and
under Guelderland occurs e Pension — Juff : Anna van Lieven, widw
van Capn Arthur Stuart (yearly), £75.'
1617
Holland. Cavalry
monthly pay
Robert Ixvin,1 ... 70 £2457
Wm Balfour,2 . 2067
Gelderland. Foot
Donaldson, . 70 men . . £1059
•LT-HJUUltiy,
Col. Brogh,
Col. Henderson,
Thos. Edmondt,3
.T<Yhn KAnrnmnnr
. 150 men
150
70
t *
3
Hollanc
. £2014
. 2014
. 1059
9 '
L Foot
Jacques Sandilants,5 70 men
[Mackinge],
Allane Coutis, „
£1059
1 Robert Irvine. 2 See p. 69.
3 Son of Colonel Sir William Edmond (p. 54) ; received commission January
i6th, 1617 in succession to Lieutenant-Colonel Caddel. Succeeded by William
Drummond on nth August 1625, on becoming a captain of cavalry. Report as
to his company of cavalry, 1628.
4 John Kininmond succeeded George Ramsay on 5th April 1615, and died
before 2nd December 1630, when he was succeeded by John Bellenden.
5 Sir James Sandilands, commissoned i6th November 1618, in succession
to Captain Mackenzie, sergeant-major in same regiment (Colonel Brog's),
26th October 1627. Lieutenant-colonel, 4th May 1631. Colonel in succession
to Sir William Brog, 1 3th March 1636. Dead before 8th March 1639, when
succeeded by Colonel James Erskine. Was succeeded in command of his
company by his lieutenant, Thomas Livingstone.
230 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1617
Robert Coutis,1 . 70 men . £1059
Thos. Arskyn, . „ „
H. Levingston, . „ „
Francois Henderson, „ . ,,
Robert Schot, . „ . „
James Lindesey,2 „ . „
WmOrrock,3 „ . „
[Wm Balfour], .
Wm Hudson, . 70 men . £1059
James Henderson,4 „ . „
[Geo. Bodnel], .
Jhon Hacket, . 70 men . £1059
Mongo Hamilton, „ . 3i
David Balfour, . „ . „
John Murray,5 .„._,,
[David LindesayJ,
Pay on Holland
Col. Brogh, for his person, . . . . . £400
Allane Coutes, lA-Col., . . . . 100
Col. Henderson, ...... 300
Francois Henderson, Lfc-Col., .... 100
Hacquet, s* major, . . . . . .80
Blaire, qr mr, . . . . . .50
Michel Henderson,6 Provost m., . . .50
£580
Wardens and Quartermasters
Wm Drommond,7
[Thos. Ewingjs* major Regfc Brogh, .... £80 0 0
Robert Mesterton, qr mr, . . . . . 50 0 0
1 Robert Coutts succeeded Sir Henry Balfour, 9th August 1615, and was
succeeded by William Drummond, 7th December 1621. Referred to as 'the late
Captain Coutts ' in 1628.
2 James Lindsay, commissioned 3ist March 1615. Married Isabella Mow-
bray, divorced wife of Captain R. Scott, in 1627. Succeeded by John
Henderson, 22nd September 1629.
3 William Orrock took oath as captain in succession to Sir William Balfour,
November 23rd, 1618. Served at Cleve, 1622. Deceased before 24th October
1631, when succeeded by John Kirkpatrick.
4 James Henderson took oath on 4th November 1618, in succession to Captain
Bothwell. Sergeant-major, 1 3th February 1633. Lieutenant-colonel, 2Oth July
1634. Was dead before 7th July 1638. Douglas mentions Sir James, a younger
son of James Henderson of Fordell, along with his brother, Sir Robert (p. 60)
as 'both colonels in Danish, Swedish, and French wars.' On 6th July 1638
the States-General specially commissioned two representatives to attend the
funeral of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson, who had lost his life in the
active service of the State.
5 John Murray took oath on I2th February 1620, in succession to D. Lindsay.
Captain Murray died before I2th March 1621.
6 Michael Henderson.
7 William Drummond, commissioned as captain in succession to Robert
Coutts, 7th December 1621. Sergeant-major, 1617. Killed at Groll, and
succeeded by Walter Murray, 2gth September 1627. He was a son of
Alexander Drummond of Meadop, second son of Alexander Drummond of
Carnock, and thus a cousin of Colonel Bartholomew Balfour. — Genealogy of the
Drummonds.
i6i;] STATES OF WAR 231
Officers of Justice
Willem Carcadie, Provost Marshal, Reg* Brogh, . . £50 0 0
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, minister, . » . . . 33 6 8
Pensions
[The children of Capn Jan Nysbeth], . . . . 200 16 8 4
Janneken, the daughter of Capn Jan. Nysbett, . 100 863
Widow, Capn Wm Hendricon, . . . . 120 10 0 0
Pieter Michiels, . . . . . 50 4 3 4
Gracious Pensions
[Widow Kilpatrick to keep her little boy at school for 2 years
more, £50 ; this expired in Feb. 1618].
Pensions for settlement of accounts and previous services
Capn Wm Balfour, for his life, . . . . . £600
Maria High, widow Capn Melvil, on the lifes of Jacques, David
Janneken, Tanneken and Hester, each 80, . . . 400
Guillaume Murray of Pickerles, on the lifes of Jan, Elisabeth,
[Margrieta] his children, one [third] half, . . . 200
Jan and Catharina Dalachy, children of Capn Dalachy, deceased,
[300] each 100, ..... [300] 200
The children of Capn Wm Nysbeth, deceased : [William], Arthur
and Margrieta Nysbeth, [200] each one [third] half, . [200] 133, 6 8
Mistress Anna van Duvenvoorde, widow Col. Cuningam, on the
lifes of mistress Magriet van Duvenvoorde, the wife of Capn
of Horse Wisschaert, and Elisabeth Cuningham, . . 300
The children of Capn Prop, Jan and Janneken Prop, one half each, 200
Mistress Anna Kilpatrick, widow Capn Strachan, on her life, . 200
The children of James Egger, Niclaes and Margrieta, each half, 175
Guilliaume Suderman 100 on his life [or on that of Maria von
Eyck his wife, or the longest living], . . .100
Widow, Lieutenant Penbrouck, on the lives of Thos., Jan, Jan-
neken, Willemke, Henry, and Richard Penbrouck , each one 6th, .
The children of Cap" Kilpatrick, Jan, Maria, and Helena Kil-
patrick, ....... 25
Joost Blaire, ....... 50
Zeeland. Foot
Walter Bruce, . 70 men . . £1059
Geo. Homes, . „ „
Brouwnfielt, . „ . . „
Pensions
Col. Balfour, £1000 yearly on his life, . . * £83 6 8
Utrecht. Foot
Marioribankes,1 . 120 men . . £1655
Sitton, . . „
1 Thomas Marjoribanks took oath upon a commission in succession to Captain
Hamilton on i6th January 1620. Dead by 4th September 1636.
THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1617
Groningen and Ommelanden. Foot
George Coutis,1 . 120 men . . £1655
Philip Balfour,2 . „ . . „
Vriesland. Foot
Archibald Bethone,3 120 men . . £1655
[Names within brackets erased in original : those in italics are additions].
1618
Holland
Cavalry. men monthly pay
Wisschart, . 70 £2457
Infantry.
Col. Brogh, . 150 2014
„ Henderson, „ „
[Here come 43 English
names. ]
John Kennimont, 70 1059
Mackinge,
Allane Coutis, .
Robert Coutis, .
Thomas Edmond,
Thomas Arskyn,
33 33
33 33
33 33
33 ))
men monthly pay
Leuingston, . 70 £1059
Franchois Hender-
son, . „ „
Robert Schot, .
James Lindesay,
William Balfour,
William Hudson,
George Bodwell,
John Hacket, .
Mongo Hamilton,
David Balfour,
David Lindesay,
33 33
33 33
S3 33
33 33
Tractementen op Holland. Salaries paid only by Holland.4
Colonnel Brogh voor sijn persoon, .... £400
Colonel Henderson, ...... 300
Franchois Henderson, I/ C1, . . . . . 100
Hacquet, Sergeant Major, ..... 80
Blaire, quartiermeester, ..... 36
Michiel Henderson, provost, ..... 50
t'samen £566
Officieren van Justitie
William Carcadie, provoost van Col. Brogh, . . . £50
Ministers
Andreas Hunterus, Predicant van de Schotten, . £33, s.6 d.3
1 George Coutts received his commission in succession to Norman Bruce on
8th July 1615 (letter from Groningen, igth June 1615). Was at Rees in
1622, became sergeant-major, Earl of Buccleuch's regiment, 3Oth December
1628. Lieutenant-colonel, I7th July 1629. Seems to have died in 1638, when
Philip Balfour was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel.
2 Sir Philip Balfour, eldest son of Colonel Bartholomew Balfour (see p. 48),
took oath on 2nd June 1621, became sergeant-major of Earl of Buccleuch's
regiment before Bois-le-Duc on yth July 1629. Lieutenant-colonel, 7th March
1639. Became colonel of same regiment in succession to Lord Almond, 5th
November 1640. Retired before igih May 1646, when he was succeeded by
Sir William Drummond. See petitions by, in 1631 and 1639.
3 Archibald Bethune seems to have succeeded Arthur Forbes in 1614.
4 This list is given in Dutch,
1 620] STATES OF WAR
Pensioenen
De Zoone van Capn Renton, ... £12, s.10
Kinderen van Capn John Nysbeth, . . . £16, s.lOd.4
Weduwe Capn John Balfour, . . . . £4, s.3. 4d.
Gratieuse pensioenen tot nu toe betaelt ten comptoire van den
Ontfanger-generael [pensions given out of grace, hitherto
paid out by the Receiver General].
De weduwe van Kilpatricx om haer soontgen ter schoole te
houden, noch voor den tyt van 2 jaren. 's jaers [the
widow of Kilpatrick, to keep her son at school for 2
years more], ...... £50
Pensioenen spruytende uyt saecke van affrekeningen ende
voorgaende diensten [pensions originating in matters of
accounting and for service rendered].
De Kinderen van Capn Waddel, als Archibald, Jan, ende
Willem Waddel, elck £200, .... 600
Capn Wm Balfour, 600
Guillaume Murray van Pickerles, ten lyve van Jan, Elisa-
beth ende Margrieta zijn Kinderen, elx een derde part
[in lifetime of J., E., and M. his children each £], . 300
Jan ende Catharina Dallachy, kinderen van Capn Dallachy,
elcx£lOO, 200
De kinderen van wijlen [children of the late] Cn Willem
Nysbeth, als Willem, Arthur ende Margrieta Nysbeth,
elcx een vierde part [J part], .... 200
Joffe Anna van Duvenvoord, weduwe van den Col. Cuningam, yearly
ten lijve van Jouff [in the life of Mrs.] Margriet van
Duyvenvoorde, huysvr [wife] van den Ritmeester
Wisschart, ende Elisabeth Cuningham, elcx de helft
[eachil . .... £300
De kinderen van Capn Prop, Jan ende Janneken Prop, elcx
de helft, .200
Joffr. Anna Kilpatricx, weduwe van Capn Strachan, . 200
John Barckley, . . . . . .150
De kinderen van Capn James Egger, genaemt Nicolaes
ende Margrieta, elcx de helft, .... 125
JofP" Maria de Lion, wede van Capn Henry Balfour, . 75
De kinderen van Capn Kilpatrick, als Jan, Maria, ende
Helena Kilpatrick, ..... 25
1620.
Holland. Cavalry
men monthly
Robbert Wrving [?] 70 £2457
Wm Balfour, . . . .70 2064
[The rest are the same as the previous year.]
234 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1609
II
EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE, RECOM-
MENDATIONS, RESOLUTIONS, REPORTS, AND
REQUESTS, 1609-1611.
Letters of King James.
(Rec. May 30, 1609.)
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — L'estat de voz affaires estant a
Pr^sen^ tel que vous n'en avez plus besoin de grande partie des
gens de guerre que vous entreteniez auparavant et entretenez
encore, tellement qu'il vous sera necessaire de congedier
beaucoup d'iceulx. Et d'aultant qu'il y a plusieurs de noz
sujectz de ce mestier la en voz services, qui, n'estantz pas
employez en vostre service voudroient volontiers chercher leur
fortune ailleurs. Nous prions que par vostre authorite il soit
permis a quiconque des nostres qui voudroit faire levee de
telles gens en ce pai's la, de les enlever et transporter ou bon
luy semblera, sans vostre empeschement ou destourbier
quelconque. Et prions Dieu, Messieurs et Comperes vous
tenie tousfours en sa sainte et digne garde. — Vostre bien Bon
Amy et Compere. JAQUES R.
Escript a nostre Palais de Westminstre, le ix. jour de
May 1609.
(Datum, April 17. Recep. May 19, 1609.)
MESSIEURS, — Ayantz entendu de par noz Ambassadeurs
que la conclusion s'est faicte de la trefve entre vous le Roy
d'Espagne et les Archiducqs nous avons voulu aussy tost vous
fre cognoistre combien nous en sommes contentz d'autant que
croyons qu'en un tel subiect mieux ne se pouvoit fre et qu'en
1609] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 235
Tissue cPicelle comme aussy en la conduite chez le commen-
cement vous avez trouve par effects de quelle sincerite nous
nous sommes portes envers Tasseurance et prosperite de vos
affaires. Orez estant par cest accord vre estat en termes
d'estre estably comme vous vous asseurerez que nous ferons
tousiours tous les offices d'un voysin amy et confedere, aussy
pour le present se nous offrent deux considerations lesquelles
vous recomandons a bon escient. L'une que puisque vous
estez asseurez de repos avec ceux centre qui vous avez eu si
longue contestation vous vueillez purveoir a la continuation
d'une bonne et parfaicte union entre vous mesmes. Ce qui
touche si avant a vre propre salut et seurete que ne doubtons
point que vre prudence d'heure a autre ne le vous represente.
L'autre est telle qu'appartient non moins a nre sollicitude et
prevoyance qu*a vre reputation, C'est que puisqu'a cause de
ceste trefve il est a penser que ne vueilliez charger vre Estat
de si grande nombre de gens de guerre que par cy-devant vous
avez entretenu, en la diminution que vous en ferez vous
vueilliez principalement avoir esgard a la retention et re-
muneration de nos subiectz par le long et fidele service
desquelz comme aussy au prix de leur sang, il ne se peult nier
que plusieurs de voz victoires n'ayent este gaignees. Envers
lesquelles si vous monstrez maintenant gratitude et recognois-
sance, il sera a vre honneur vers tous, et a ceste nation, grande
occasion de continuer la bienveillance et affection a vre Estat.
Quant a noz Ambassadeurs ayantz acheve Toeuvre pour
laquelle ilz y ont este envoyez et en laquelle ils ont travaille si
longuement oultre le seiour qu'a faict le Sieur Winwood par
tant d'annees Nous les avons ordonne de revenir Fun et Tautre
et ne doubtons nullement qu'ayant laisse chez vous si bonnes
marques de leur prudhomie et affection en ce qui leur appar-
tenoit en ceste coniunction vous vueilliez aussy avoir pour
agreable le retour comme nous avons faict celuy de vre Ministre
fidele le Sieur Carron qui s"*en est alle vers vous. — Vre bien
bon amy, JAO.UES R.
De nre palais de Westminstre, le xvii. iour d'Avril 1609.
THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE
[1609
Letters and
Requests to
the Council
of State.
From the Governor of Breda to the Council of State.
(August 8, 1609.)
MY LORDS, — Although I have several times admonished
and commanded the lieutenants of Captains Forbes 1 and
Scott 2 before their departure to satisfy and pay divers burghers
of the town of Breda, who were out of pocket both to the
said captains and also to their officers and soldiers. For
example, Captain Forbes owes the sum of 300gl. 5s. 2d., and
Captain Scott the sum of 45gl. 19s. 2d., which you may
see from the documents hereto appended. Nevertheless they
have removed to Vendicq, in obedience to the order sent by his
Excellency, without in any way satisfying said burghers, who
have begged me to write in their favour to your lordships, in
order that they may be paid their just debts, in which I most
humbly join my petition to theirs. Not doubting that your
lordships will so arrange that the good burghers shall succeed
in getting payment, and they at another time will be the
more willing to assist the soldiers in their needs. — Herewith,
etc., your W M Honours' obedient and very loyal
servant, JUSTINUS VAN NASSAU.
At Breda, this 8 August 1609.
Re Captain Gordon's Company. (Oct. 6, 1609.)
MY LORDS, — Since your lordships have been pleased to com-
mand that I should always, and from time to time, make you
acquainted both with the situation and condition of this
garrrison, and also of its captain and officers, stating which of
them have been absent, and how long, I shall therefore not
neglect as regards them, to communicate to you the following.
First, that the soldiers here are kept in good order, the
watches looked to, and to sum up in a word everything as
carefully attended to as ever was the case before the date of
this truce, which in fact you will find.
Further, as concerning the captain and officers of the com-
pany, your lordships will be pleased to hear that there are
1 See p. 71,
2 See p. 64.
1609] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 237
no absentees except Captain Gordon, who has not been here
during twenty-five or twenty-six weeks ; indeed, all the year
round, he has not been one month with his company. His
lieutenant, too, has been absent over six months, his oldest
sergeant over six weeks ; and the other sergeant is on the sick
list. Thus there is but one officer, viz., the ensign, a foul
useless drunkard, in the company, which to all intents and
purposes has none. Moreover, the said company is very badly
paid and upheld, so that out of extreme poverty many soldiers
desert, and as is well known very few of the others are fit for
duty. And (with respect I say it) such a state of matters is
not what ought to be, and is a condition fraught with evil
consequences. I pray therefore that your lordships may see
good to order the said captain very sharply to betake himself
with his officers to his garrison, to pay and uphold his com-
pany, as other captains here do, lest for want of this it sink
into utter ruin, for the poverty among them is extreme.
This is what at present I had to write. — And with these
presents, etc., JOHAN DE WITT.
Actum at Steenbergen, the 6th October.
To the Council of State. (Oct. 7, 1609.)
MY LORDS, — Your lordships will please to understand, that
on the 25th July last the States-General ordered me to furnish
information monthly to their High Mightinesses regarding the
state of these garrisons, and the condition of the soldiers, stating
what officers were present in or absent from their companies, and
although I have several times sent them information regarding
these matters, and among other points, that Captain Gordon,
whose company has been here in garrison over a year, has never
been more than one month with the same, indeed during
twenty-six successive weeks he has never been with his com-
pany, and is still absent. His lieutenant was not there
during six months, his oldest sergeant during six weeks. Such
was the state of matters that only one officer was found in the
company, viz., the ensign — a foul, rank, and careless drunkard,
the company being practically without a single officer. More-
238 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1609
over the soldiers of the said company were miserably found and
paid, on which account very many of them deserted, and
through poverty came to ruin.
But in regard to these points, I have never received any
answer, and because the company remaining almost without
officers and oversight has gradually become so impoverished
that the misery smouldering within it can no longer be endured
nor the complaints and sighs, and through this the whole
company will evidently be brought to ruin. Also that three
times the said soldiers have besought me with increasing
vehemence to advise your lordships of their misery and
poverty, and some remedy must be adopted, otherwise they
must perish in their extremity. For this purpose I have sent
off this messenger who can by word of mouth inform you of
the existing need and give details about it. Also that many
burghers complain, that having out of compassion for the poor
soldiers provided them with some necessaries, they have not
been paid for it. Therefore I entreat most earnestly, that it
may please your lordships to give heed to the calamities of the
said soldiers, and everything connected therewith, that ought
to be seen to. To order the said Captain Gordon most strictly
to betake himself with his officers as soon as possible to his
company, to pay and provide for his soldiers as is right, and
also, so as to prevent the complete ruin of the company. But
in order that I may have something wherewith to satisfy and
comfort the poor soldiers, may it please you to write a short
reply, and forward it to me by the bearer of this, in order that
I may show it to them. — And herewith, etc., Y — H — M —
obedient servant, JOHAN DE WITT.
Actum at Steenbergen, 7th October 1609.
To the Council of State of the United Netherlands.
Captain John Gordon, at present in garrison within the
town of Steenbergen, showeth with due respect, that it is
now full three months since he, the petitioner, received payment
from the State, either for himself or his company. He has
therefore been compelled to burden himself to the last degree
with the interest of borrowed money, in order to satisfy his
1609] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 239
company. Yea, so deeply has he engaged himself, that he has
no means left and knows of none (having no one to solicit
for them) by which he can maintain his soldiers. Therefore
he prays most humbly that your lordships shall be pleased to
advance to him, the petitioner, provisionally, the sum of five
or six hundred pounds of forty groats, in order that he may in
some measure satisfy his company until orders be issued some
time and way otherwise, as to the payment,
By doing which, etc.
Gordons disbanded Company.^
To the Council of State. (Oct. 14, 1609.)
MY LORDS, — Since it has pleased your lordships to discharge
Captain Gordon with his company ; his soldiers, owing to ill
payment, are deeply indebted to the burghers here, which the
accompanying specification, and the report of the Commissary
Badburch, charged by your H. M. to effect the disbandment
will well show and explain, said soldiers having due to them a
considerable sum of arrears of pay. Yet they do not wish to
act otherwise than to pay their debts, and satisfy the burghers,
who supported them so loyally with victuals and drink in their
extreme poverty, to such a degree indeed, that but for their
having done so, the company would have perished long ago —
as everybody very well knows. Said support also was proffered
mostly by my persuasions out of pity for the poor soldiers.
I have thus earnestly entreated your lordships, that you
may be pleased so to assist the burghers, and who have little
enough, to obtain payment of their just debts. For other-
wise many of them will be ruined, for here we are but a scant
community, which, as your High Mightiness well knows, can
bear no loss. Therefore, again praying you to take into con-
sideration the circumstances of the case, may your High
Mightiness be pleased to assist the poor people in this, since
in so doing you will truly perform a work of charity. — And
with these present, etc., JOHAN DE WITT.
Actum at Steenbergen, 14th October 1609.
1 See also pp. 243, 253 and 292.
240 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1609
Recommendation of George Ramsay.
(Datum. Novre. 25. Recep. Decr. 16.)
MESSIEURS. — Ce gentilhomme George Ramsey, lieutenant du
Colonel Brog, ayant este absent au temps de la mort du feu
Colonel Edmonds, faillit de la place de Capitayne de sa Com-
panie qu'il pretend de droict luy appartenir. Or parce qu'en
cela il a este moins recogneu que de raison luy estoit deu ;
estant a present vacant de capitaine la companie du Cap.
Rondneys,1 il vous vient supplier de la luy conferer, tant pour
le regard de ses merites passez, ayant perdu en vostre service
de son sang et un sien frere, comme pour luy faire reparation
du dommage soustenu pour avoir failly de la Companie du
Col. Edmonds. Ores estant son desir fonde sur tant de raison,
nous ne ferons de long propos a le vous recommander, sachant
que tant pour le respect de justice que pour Tamour de nous,
vous ferez tout ce qu'appartient a vre honneur de faire. — Vre
bon Amy et allie, JAQUES R.
Royston, le xxv iour de Novembre 1609.
Recommendation of John Young
(Dat. Novr. 10. Rec. Decemr. 24).
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — Ce porteur Jean Young bourgeois
de nostre ville d'Edimbourg, ayant avance diverses sommes de
deniers aux capitaines et autres officiers par vous employes a
faire levee des gens de guerre en nostre royaume d'Escosse, et
ne trouvant nul moyen d'estre paye (les dictz officiers s'excu-
santz come n'ayantz point en payement de vous) est en fin con-
trainct de recourir a vous ; et partant nous a tres bumblement
supplie de se recomender come celuy qui a tousiours employe
sa personne et moyens pour vous faire service. Et d'autant
que sa demande ne nous semble point desraisonable. Nous
vous avons bien voulu prie de cognoistre sa cause et donner tel
ordre pour Famour de nous qu'il en soit paye tant des deniers
susdictz que des decomptes de feu son beaupere, mort en vostre
service. Et sur ce, Messieurs et comperes, prions Feternel vous
tenir en sa sainte et digne garde. — Vostre bien bon amy et
Compere, JAQUES R.
Escrypte a nostre palais de Westminstre, le dixiesme de
Novembre Tan 1609.
i Udny?
i6o;] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 241
Remonstrance des Ambassadeurs et Colonels de la
Grande Brittagne
(Exhibit, in the assembly of the States- General, May 22, 1607.)
[Partly destroyed.]
MESSIEURS, MESSIEURS LES ESTATS GENERAUX. — MESSIEURS, Diplomatic
nous supplions bien humblement . . . . en ce
reglement qu'on faict a present de vos trou . . . qu'il 1612.
leur plaise avoir soin de Fhonneur de nostr . . . Nations
suivant les recommendations que sa Ma . . .a faictes
par ses lettres et nostre remonstrance . . la dessus
ayans esgard tant au merite de leurs services qu'a la bonne
alliance que de long temps a este entre nos Royaumes et
vos Provinces.
Nostre nation a este la premiere qui est venue a vostre
service et y est continue sans iutervalle, insques a la derniere
heure. Avec quelle resolution, zele et fidelite nos gens se sont
tousiours comportes durant vos guerres ; vos victoires en par-
lent et le present estat de vos affaires remonstre vivement ; en -
bien de recognoissance de leurs services, nous prions de ne nous
mectre pas une tasche d'ignominie ce qui nous ingerons estre
faict si on nous range a 70 testes, pesle mesle, avec le reste de
Tarmes. (Test ce que nous demandons [?] et soubz correction
non sans raison, et iustice que les compagnies tant angloises
qu'escossoises, qui a la derniere monstre ont este soubs cents
testes, puissent demeurer au mesme estat, et celles qui sont au
dessus ce nombre, la soient reduictes a cent testes.
Pour faciliter cela, les Collonnels soubsignes se contenteront
que leurs compagnies demeurent chasque a deux cens testes,
contents que le nombre supernumeraire que hier leur a este
accorde, soit distribue parmy leurs regimens. Nous croyons que
vos seigneuries ne scauront pas faire chose qui puisse estre plus
agreable a sa Mat6, ny plus advantageuse au bien et honneur
de leur service.
Ri. SPENCER. RODOLPHE WINWOOD.
H. VERB. ED. CECYLL.
TH. OGLE.-
[The signatures are those of the two Ambassadors and the English colonels.
Although the Scots troops are mentioned, neither Colonel Brog's nor Lord
Buccleuch's names are appended.]
242 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1609
Requeste des Ambrs de la grande brettagne, pour le traittement
des Ministres aupres des Compagnies de leur nation.
(Exh. 10 June 1609.)
A MESSIEURS, MESSIEURS LES ESTATZ GENERA ux. MESSIEURS,
— Nous presentons cette requeste a V. Sies au nom des Collonels
de nostre nation et de leurs regiments, laquelle ne tendant
pas a autre but que a Fhonneur de Dieu, au service de vos
provinces et au bien des subiects de sa Mat6 de la gran Bret-
tagne, nous confions que V. Sies Faccorderont sans difficulte.
C'est qu^il leur plaise accorder en chasque compagnie, tant
angloise qu'escossoyse, qu'est a present et doresenavant sera en
vostre service, une mortepaye pour le traittement de six
ministres de nostre nation, gens scavants et de bonne vie,
dont deux feront leur residence icy a la Haye, le troysiesme
a Berghen op Zoome, le 4e a Breda, le 5e a FEscluse, le
sixiesme a Nimeghen, pour catechiser et instruire en la
cognoissance de Dieu et de la vraye religion, les compagnies
qu'y seront en garnison et aux lieux circonsvoysins, suivant la
lyste mise au dessoubs.
Ceste requeste estant tant recommendee par soymesme, nous
recommendons bien serieusement aux Vos bonnes graces.
Ri. SPENCER.
RODOLPHE WlNWOOD.
Les deux Ministres residents a la Haye iront prescher a
Tergaw,1 Worden,2 Dordrech, Leyden, Delff, Rotterdam,
Le 3e, qui reside a Berghen, prendera a sa charge toute la
Zelande.
Le 4° qui reside a Breda, aura pour sa charge, Gertruide-
berghe, Huysden,3 Gorcum, Worcum,4 Bummell.6
Le 5e TEscluse6 et toute la flandre.
Le 6° Nimeghen, Arneham, Doesbergh, Zutphen, Deventer,
Grave, Voiche.7
1 Tergouw, Gouda. 2 Woerden.
3 Heusden. 4 Woudrichem. 5 Zalt-Bommel.
6 Sluis. 7 Vucht (?).
1 6 10] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 243
July 25. — On the request of Magdalena Hume, formerly Resolutions
oftheStj '
General.
widow of Captain David Stuart, it was decided that since the of the states'
town of Bruges is particularly kept in view in the claim of the
petitioner, she is thereupon to address herself to that town.
Nevertheless the States grant her, out of commiseration, the
sum of fifty guilders in all.
The Sutlers of Gordon's Company.
From the States- General to the Council of State.
(May 11, 1610.)
MY LORDS, — The sutlers of the disbanded company of the
late Captain Gordon were by us again referred to the States
of Utrecht, in order that they might sue there for their pay.
We therefore recommend you so to assist these poor petitioners
once more with your Lordships' intercession, that they may
succeed in getting their payment, or at least come to an agree-
ment with the other creditors in Utrecht ; inasmuch as an
attempt is being made, against all reason and justice, to nullify
their right of hypothec. — Herewith, etc., your Lordships good %
friends,
THE STATES-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NETHERLANDS.
CAROL BENTINCK, V*.
By Order of the same
AERSSEN.
From the Hague, the llth May 1610.
Recommendation of James ErsJcine.
(Recep. June 8, 1610.)
HAULTS ET PUISSANTS SEIGNEURS, NOS BONS AMYS ET ALLIEZ, — Diplomatic
Ayants eu occasion de nous servir par deca du Chevalier Jaques CorresP°a-
Arskyn, Gentilh. de nre Chambre privee, capitaine d'une com- 1609-14.
pagnie de cuirassiers a vre solde, Favons retenu de sa charge
plus longuement que de son gre il n'eust voulu. Lequel
desirant de s'en retourner vers vous maintenant pour s'acquicter
de tout ce qui luy appartient, Nous Tavons voulu accompagner
de ceste cy, tant pour vous faire scavoir la vraye cause de son
absence, laquelle nous esperons ne vous sera point desagreable,
come pour vous prier de luy continuer tousiours vre bonne
grace en tout ce qu'il aura occasion de vous en requerir. Et
si vos affrs le peuvent permectre et que la paix continue avec
244 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1610
voz voisins, de sorte que pour le present vous n'ayez a faire de
son service, nous prions de le nous renvoyer, iusques a ce que
Toccasion se presente de vous servir de luy. Ce que nous
aurons pour fort agreable et demeurons. — Votre tres affectione
amy, JAQUES R.
De fire Palais de Westminster, le xxiv jour d'Avril 1610.
October %5th. — Thomas Stuart, Englishman, having served
these Lands about eighteen years, and having been severely
wounded in the head in the trenches before Gulick,1 was
granted, out of commiseration, and in order to effect his cure,
twenty-four guilders ; but this is not to be used as a precedent.
Letter from the Municipality of Wilmstadt.
(Nov. 10, 1610.)
MY LORDS, — It would appear that William Nory, Scots-
man, at present an inhabitant of our town, received at the
taking of the Sconce of Crimpen, during the first troubles, a
wound in one leg from a shot, which, as time went on (in spite
of every remedy applied by him), got much worse and festered ;
so that now there are no means by which he can be cured.
Owing to this, and the great expenses he incurred, he has
fallen into such poverty, that he has no means wherewith in
his old age to support himself and his wife. Wherefore we
write to your Lordships in his favour (also he has conducted
himself honestly and burgherlike in this town for a consider-
able number of years). And we humbly pray, that you be
pleased to grant the said William Nory some reasonable
aliment, both on account of his former services, and because
he is unable to earn his bread, in order that he may thereby
support himself in his extreme poverty and old age. By
doing this, you will perform a work of mercy before God the
Lord, and comfort the recipient in his great misery. We
conclude with our humble respects. — My Lords, your Lord-
ships' obedient, etc., THE SHERIFFS, BURGOMASTERS AND
ALDERMEN OF THE FORESAID TOWN.
Written in Wilmstadt, this 15th November 1610.
1 Juliers.
i6ii] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 245
Petition of Colonel Earth Balfour. (Exh. Dec. 7, 1610.)
To their High Mightinesses the States-General.
With becoming reverence and respect, James Cracke, on Requests
behalf of Colonel Bartolm. Balfour, residing abroad in Scotland, Jl^jjj*"
begs leave to intimate, that in the year 1594, your High Mighti-
nesses granted the said colonel a yearly pension of two hundred
pounds, of forty grotten each, in payment of his services ; which
pension has been paid here by Mr. Doublet, the Receiver-
General. But when the same pension became due on the 16th
day of April 1610, the said colonel empowered a merchant from
Scotland to receive the money, but he received none ; and in
consequence lodged a protest, to the great injury of the said
colonel. Therefore the petitioner prays most humbly that it
may please your High Mightinesses to order the Receiver-
General, Mr. Doublet, or his commissioner, to pay the said
pension as previously, amounting to one thousand pounds,
without delay or objection, in order to avoid all extraordinary
expenses. By doing this JACQUES CRACKE.
Petition of Rev. Andrew Hunter.
(Receptum Januar 5.)
ILLUSTRISSIMIS ET CONSULTISSIMIS DOMINIS D.D. ORDINIBUS Letters and
GNALTB, — Anno superiore per anticipationem accepi cent, flore- {^council
nos in castris, deinde coram Juliaco a Domino Dubeletto triginta of state.
octo florenos ; hinc ex ducentis illis florenis quos in extra-
ordinarium stipendium quotannis conceditis sexaginta duo
floreni supersunt ; et plane statueram vos per anticipationem
non urgere, sed familise sustentandae et creditoribus satis-
faciendi circa et necessitas (praeter valetudinariae et decum-
bentis uxoris meae statum) invitum me hue rapiunt, ut una
cum 62 illis florenis centum etiam florenos per anticipationem,
expetam. Cavebo in posterum (si fueri possit) ne vobis in
huiusmodi negotio molestus sim.
ANDREAS HUNTERUS, Evangelij
Jesu Christi Minister.
Captain Forbes's Company at Tiel. (April 18, 1611.)
The Commander of the Garrison in Tiel to the Council of State.
MY LORDS, — This afternoon the officers here at present,
246 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1611
and most of the soldiers, of the company of Captain Forbes,1
garrisoned here, came to me with the complaint, that now in
the twenty-seventh week, they have as yet received no advance of
money, and during all this time had supported themselves very
poorly and with difficulty, and that it was impossible for them
to endure this state of matters or to support themselves any
longer : that also because of hunger and anxiety they must
have been forced to desert, had they not been supplied with
victuals by the good burghers and inhabitants of this town,
particularly by the widow of T. Reyner Gijsberts. But this
support the citizens no longer could or would give, as there is
now due to them by the company a considerable sum of money.
On account of which they (the soldiers) have also pledged
themselves to such an extent, that they have lost all credit.
Therefore in regard to this humbly praying I make this strong
representation in the name of them all, that now after such
long patience and miserable support they may be comforted
and their arrears paid ; a duty which (in order to avoid more
confusion) I neither could nor would neglect. And therefore
having expressed on their behalf my sentiments regarding
these matters, I pray most humbly, and entreat your High
Mightinesses to make ample provision, so that the said soldiers
be paid their arrears, and that no further delay occur, and also
that all serious tumults and misfortunes (evidently to be expected
otherwise) may be prevented. Therefore trusting entirely to
your High Mightinesses for ample provision against further
troubles, and for satisfying the soldiers, I pray the Almighty,
etc. — Your High Mightinesses most ready and obedient
(Signed) DIEDERECH VIJGH, Lord of Soelen
Sheriff in Nederbetuwe, Commander of
the Garrison in Tiel.
At Tiel, the 18 April 1611, old style.
To the Council of State. (May 6, 1611.)
We, the undersigned Aldermen of the city of Tiel, hereby
declare, that yesterday being the 5th day of May 1611, new
style, Francois Doublet, army paymaster, brought the officers
1 See p. 71-
i6u] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 247
and common soldiers of the company of Captain Forbes into
the church in the foresaid city, having been ordered and
commissioned to do so by your Lordships, Councillors of
State ; and they were asked in our presence how they stood
with their captain, with respect to the payment of their
services, and what amount of arrears was due to them by
their captain. After the said questions were put by the
paymaster two distinct times, the people declared unanimously ,
that the said captain on the day previous to the paymaster's
arrival, being the 20th May, had paid the arrears of the
company (sixteen or eighteen men excepted) wholly and in
full up to the 6th of May inclusive, that he (the captain) was
not able to pay the remainder of the unpaid soldiers, owing to
the shortness of time, but he promised in our presence to do so
to-day. At which the whole company, particularly those who
had not yet received their money, were satisfied ; that the
captain had also satisfied the widow of Reynier Gijsberts, who
had long supplied the said soldiers with victuals, paying her
800 guilders in cash, and having assigned the balance to be
paid her in Friesland.
We have signed this declaration at Tiel, this 6th May 1611.
M. V'd BOCHELL. BOTH VAN DER EEM.
The Council of War at Zwolle to the Council of State.
(June 27, 1611).
The citation which your Lordships have been pleased to draw
up at the request of the quartermaster, David Arskyn, dated
the 17th June last, new style, was delivered to us on the 17th of
the same month, old style ; and from it we have learned that
the quartermaster's servant, named Robert Hardy, though
innocent, was before this accused and placed under apprehension
for stealing certain linen from the Commissary Bloemendaal.
Item. — That the said Robert Hardie, after long imprisonment
and accusation, was on the 19th February 1609, when nobody
had any thing to say against him, acquitted by us, and ordered
to be sent out of prison, he being also condemned to pay the
costs of the imprisonments, though we ought properly to have
condemned the said Commissary in them.
248 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1611
Item. — That on account of these costs, the said Robert must
have remained under apprehension, he having no means to pay
them.
Item. — That the influential provost, Herman Westmeyer,
brought an action against the quartermaster before us, and
pled on Robert's behalf to have the cost of his imprisonment
paid by said quartermaster.
Item. — That finally, proceedings went so far, that by mis-
take, on the 7th of March last, we by our sentence condemned the
petitioner to pay the costs of the imprisonment of the foresaid
Robert; from which sentence the quartermaster appealed to
your Lordships, and thereupon you charged us, in as far as this
business concerns us, to appear before you at the Hague, or to
send our commissioners. And even if this matter does not
concern us, seeing we have administered justice (as we were
bound to do) ; yet we could not neglect, in obedience to your
Lordships, to answer the citation, not in any such way as to
make ourselves parties in this business, but only that you may
acquire a just knowledge of the facts of the case, which are as
follows :
The Commissary Bloemendaal did not cause the said Robert
to be apprehended and put in prison, also did not accuse him,
as the quartermaster too liberally intimated to your lordships.
But the procedure in the case was such as is to be gathered
from the precognition and the extract from this Council of War
protocol, both dated 7th June 1609, of which we here enclose
copies.
Further. It is true that the late bailiff of Salandt, who at
the time was at the Hague, conferred at length about this
imprisonment case, with some of your peers. On that occasion
(as the bailiff frequently related) they expressed themselves as
very thankful that his Lordship was keeping such good order
here, and begged that henceforward he would continue to
punish all other inconveniences and petulances that might
occur, and that troopers or soldiers here might set agoing.
And when the late bailiff informed your lordships that Robert
had no way of paying his board, it pleased you to permit the
bailiff and provost to allow said board (to wit, six stuivers
daily till the 19th January, that is, to the day of Robert's
1611] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS AND REPORTS 249
release) to be included in the justiciary expenses, and the said
money was immediately delivered to the provost by the bailiff
coming at that time from the Hague. And whereas no appre-
hension was asked for by Bloemendaal, nor was any accusation
made by him (as will appear from the foresaid documents), we
had no reasons to condemn him to pay the costs. It is also
to be noted particularly, that while all this was going on,
the quartermaster, whose imprisoned servant was declared free
on the 19th January 1609, ought to have let him go and remain
free, and not have commanded him anew to remain under the
charge of the provost (as will appear from testimony of wit-
nesses produced, of Philip Edgar, of the prisoner himself,
Robert Hardie, and of two servants from Zwolle). But the
quartermaster did not trouble himself about this, wherefore he
ought to blame himself and nobody else, and in reference to
this should not be of opinion that we made a mistake in our
judgment given on the 7th March, seeing that what was then
done took place after full deliberation and mature consulta-
tion, in the presence of fifteen military officers standing there,
who had been fully admonished on oath to act rightly in the
matter. Also it is to be noted that the quartermaster carried
through a suit before the magistrate of Zwolle regarding this
matter, against the said Commissary Bloemendaal, but with
what result we do not know. Perhaps if it had gone well
with him there, he would not have come to trouble your High
Mightinesses. And as far as we can make out, the quarter-
master is doing it solely to give annoyance to the provost,
which, with submission, we could not withhold from your
lordships. Herewith we humbly pray the Almighty to pre-
serve you long in health, under the peaceable rule of salvation.
J. G. TENGNAEGEL, V*.
Dated Zwolle, this twenty-seventh June, Anno sixteen hun-
dred and eleven, old style.
250 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1611
III
EXTRACTS RELATING TO THE SERVICES AND
CLAIMS OF SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR AND
CAPTAIN HENRY BALFOUR.1
1611-1615
To their High Mightinesses the States- General of the
United Netherlands.
Sir Henry Balfour humbly and with due reverence hereby
showeth, that he has now served your Highnesses and
the Provinces during twelve years as captain, in which
capacity (without boasting) he hopes that he conducted
himself as becomes a nobleman, on all occasions which
presented themselves in your service. And since the office of
lieutenant-colonel in the regiment of Colonel Brock is at
present vacant, the petitioner begs .to submit that he has
favourable recommendations from His Majesty of Great
Britain, directed to Lord Wynwout, His Majesty's Ambassador
here, claiming your Highnesses' intervention in order that it
may please your Highnesses to grant the office of lieutenant-
colonel to the petitioner, in consideration of the foregoing, to
which he begs to refer as giving your Highnesses information
of the request of the petitioner, and of His Majesty's particular
desire in his favour for his promotion. Moreover, with the
same view, the petitioner has also obtained the written recom-
mendation of Ambassador Carron — here annexed. It is there-
fore the petitioner's humble and most respectful prayer, that it
may please your Highnesses out of regard to His Majesty
aforesaid, and for consideration of the petitioner's long and
faithful services, to do him the honour and favour of preferring
him before others, and graciously to bestow on him, the fore-
said command of lieutenant-colonel, etc.
1 Sir Henry Balfour, see p. 61. Sir William Balfour, see p. 69.
1611] SIR WILLIAM BALFOU1TS CLAIMS 251
MESSIEURS, — J'ay charge de la part de sa Mat6 de la grande
Brettagne de recommander a Vs Sries les pretensions du
suppliant; ce que ie fais tres affectueusement, suppliant Vs
Ses sur les raisons alleguees en cette requeste et les recommen-
dations de Sa Mat6 de luy accorder sa demande en recompense
de ses bons et fideles services. RODOLPHE WiNwooD.1
Letter from the Dutch Ambassador, Noel de Car on.
To their High Mightinesses the States-General.
MY LORDS, — His Highness the Prince of Great Britain has
sent Sir David Murray, first Lord of his bedchamber to me,
with the request that on his behalf I would recommend to you
Sir William Balfour, the bearer of this, one of His Majesty ""s
Privy Councillors. His request is (and he claims to be one of
the oldest captains in the regiment of the late Colonel
Sutton,2 in whose place Colonel Brog is now appointed) that he
shall get the post of lieutenant-colonel, as that post has been
long vacant, and he hopes that his appointment will be agree-
able to the said Colonel Brog, and that in other respects he
may thereby be able to render better and more acceptable
service to the Land. This is all that I know about this request,
and the said Sir William has intimated as much to you confi-
dentially. I therefore wish, should your High Mightinesses
resolve to fill said post, that this nobleman be preferred before
others, NOEL DE CARON. e
From South Lambeth, the 8th July, 1611 (old style).
1613, June 3. — On the request of Captain Henry Balfour,
praying to be appointed as lieutenant-colonel in the regiment
of Colonel Brogh. Taking into view the strong recommenda-
tion of the Electoral Princess Palatine, written from Arnhem in
a missive of the 18th ult. to the Advocate of Holland, it was
resolved that their High Mightinesses give favourable consider-
ation to said recommendation, so soon as they shall proceed to
the disposal of that and other military appointments.
1 Henry Balfour refers to a letter of recommendation of the Dutch
Ambassador wherein William Balfour is recommended. As William and Henry
were both in the service of the States, their names were probably confounded,
and Caron intended to recommend Henry. See also the Resolutions of the
States-General. Winwood wrote the French lines on the request.
3 This is a mistake, Brog succeeded Edmond.
252 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1613
June 13. — Upon the request of Captain William Balfour, the
eldest, and at that date, only son of the late Henry Balfour,
formerly colonel of a regiment of Scotsmen, in the service of
these lands, praying for payment of his late father's arrears
for services.
After deliberation it was agreed and declared, that the
petitioner in respect of the good services of his late father, and
the recommendation of the King of Great Britain, shall be
held as recommended when occasion offers. But as regards the
foresaid request of payment for his father's services in Brabant
and Flanders, being outside the United Provinces, their High-
nesses cannot enter on that matter.
June 18. — Upon the request of Sir William Balfour, as sole
heir of the late Captain David Cant, for the payment of the
said captain's services, it was resolved that this request be
placed in the hands of the Clerk of the Treasury, that their
Highnesses may be advised concerning the situation of the
matters therein related.
June 26. — The Clerk of Court gave in a statement of
arrears due for services rendered to the Lands by the late
Captain David Cant with his company, from 1st September
1585 to 17th April 1592, giving the amount according to the
two existing settlements of accounts, as 21343 pounds, 11
shillings, whereof Captain William Balfour, as heir of the
*said deceased Cant, requests payment. Hereupon, after con-
sultation, and having regard to the strong recommendation of
Her Highness the Electoral Princess Palatine in favour of the
above mentioned Balfour, it was agreed that, without satisfy-
ing all his claims (the services of Colonel Balfour in Brabant
among them), he is to be gratified with a pension of 400
guilders yearly, to be paid him until he be invested with the
lieutenantship [i.e. lieutenant-colonelcy] of Colonel Brogh, or
otherwise advanced, always providing he shall first prove that
he is the heir of the late above mentioned Captain Cant.
September 10. — The request of Captain Henry Balfour
was read, praying that in regard to the recommendation of
the Electoral Princess Palatine regarding him, their Highnesses
should provisionally allow him to increase his company to one
hundred and ninety or one hundred and eighty heads. But
1615] SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR'S CLAIMS 253
on that matter decision was postponed till after the revisal or
reading of the minutes of the State of War.
August 26. — Two requests were read — the one from John
Gordon,1 and the other from Henry Balfour — praying to be
appointed to the post of sergeant-major in the regiment of
Colonel Brog, or that of lieutenant-colonel in the same regi-
ment. But in the meantime decision thereon was postponed.
1615, January 19. — A letter was received and read from Resolutions
the King of Great Britain, dated October 25th last, from the
Court at Royston, and written on behalf of Sir William
Balfour, eldest and only surviving son of the late Sir Henry
Balfour, formerly colonel of a regiment of Scots in the ser-
vice of the Lands, and heir along with his two nephews 2 (for
whom he holds power of attorney 3) of the late Captain Cant,
deceased ; that payment may be granted him of arrears for
services rendered to the Lands by the said late Captain Cant.
After consultation, it was resolved to put the above men-
tioned missive, with the accompanying request of the said Sir
William Balfour, and the accounts of the late Cant aforesaid,
into the hands of the Clerk of Court for revisal, and to note
whether any alterations have occurred in them, or any part of
them has been paid ; further, to ascertain what still remains
due to the said late Captain Cant for his services since the
accounts were made up, and of all this fully to inform their
Highnesses privately.
January 25. — The report of the Clerk of Court was given
in on the claims of Sir William Balfour as heir of the late
Captain Cant, in regard to the arrears for service of the said
captain, both these of which an account was drawn up, and
those for services subsequently rendered. And as the said Sir
William Balfour appears to be carrying on negotiations with
Witschart, cavalry-captain, with a view to his taking over
Witsart's company of horse, and in return paying him said
arrears, it was proposed on the part of the States-General to
promise to said Witssaert and his wife, as a full settlement of
the aforesaid arrears, a pension of 500 or at the most 600
1 John Gordon's company had been dismissed in 1609. It does not appear
whether this was or was not the same man.
3 The word may equally mean cousins or nephews. 2 Procuration.
254 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1615
guilders yearly during the lifetime of the said Witssaert and
of his wife. And it was agreed that the Advocate of Holland
shall arrange matters with the parties, and find what their
opinion is.
February 19. — On the petition of Sir William Balfour,
asking for payment of account for services rendered to the
country by the late Captain Cant, his uncle, up to his death ;
also of the services rendered by his late father as colonel,
amounting to a sum of about ^40,000, according to docu-
ments and bonds thereanent in possession of the petitioner,
it was resolved and agreed, on account of several important
considerations, that the Clerk of Court shall interview the
petitioner and treat with him for full settlement of all his
claims, with respect both to the services of his father aforesaid
and of the late Captain Cant, and in lieu of the same shall offer
him an annual pension, to continue during the lifetime of said
petitioner, of 600 guilders, and a cash sum of 1000 guilders,
on condition that in return he shall bind himself to receipt in
full, and hand over the said account and the old bonds of his
father in his possession, and drawn up in the usual form on the
States- General.
March 3. — The Clerk of Court reported that he made to
Captain Balfour their Highnesses offer, for the full settlement
of all his claims both in respect of the services of his late father,
whose bonds he is in possession of, and of Captain Cant, his
uncle, to whom he is heir, amounting in all to more than
62,000 guilders, but that the said Captain Balfour would not
be satisfied with this offer, but desires to have, in addition to
the pension of 600 guilders annually, a further cash sum of
^3000, and that the pay of his uncle of 1000 guilders per
annum be settled on him for life. Whereupon, after delibera-
tion, it was resolved to adhere to the offer of the pension
of 600 guilders annually, but to increase the offer of
a cash sum of 1000 guilders to 2000, of which sum 1000
guilders are to be paid at once, and the remaining 1000
guilders within a year, always providing that he shall show
that he is sole heir of the said Cant, his uncle ; and in case said
Captain Balfour does not accept this offer, negotiations with
him are to be stopped.
1615] SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR'S CLAIMS 255
1615, April 7.— The Clerk of Court reported that Captain
Balfour has accepted the offer, which their Highnesses allowed
him to make, in settlement of all his claims as heir of the late
Captain Cant, and of his father, the late Colonel Balfour, for
services rendered by them both in Brabant and Flanders and
in this country, none of these services excepted ; and the
accounts and bonds for the same he is willing to give up, he
receiving a pension of 600 guilders annually and a cash sum of
2000 guilders, of which 1000 to be paid immediately, and the
remaining 1000 guilders within the next year, and making the
one proviso that the pension be settled on his life and the life
of his son. This having been deliberated on, it was agreed to
give the said captain the choice either to have the pension
settled on his own life or on the life of his son ; or else the one
half of it on his own life and the other half on the life of his
son, on condition that he shall take the responsibility of sub-
sequent recriminations, if any others should come forward and
claim to be joint heirs of the said Captains Cant or Balfour,
namely those for whom he has declared he holds power of
attorney; the said pension to begin from the day when the
offer was made to him.
April 23. — In the matter of the petition of Captain Sir
William Balfour, it was agreed that the pension of ^600
per annum voted to him, half on his life and half on the life of
his son, William Balfour, be settled only on the life of his said
son, William Balfour.
256
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
[1611
IV
Council of
State.
EXTRACTS RELATING TO THE SERVICES AND
CLAIMS OF COLONEL LORD BUCCLEUCH AND
HIS SON THE FIRST EARL OF BUCCLEUCH.
1611-1620
1611, May 21. — In reference to the statement of arrears of
the superior officers of the regiment of Colonel Buccleuch,
communicated by the Receiver-General, by desire of the
States-General, it was agreed that the Receiver-General pay the
officers, viz., Lieutenant [Colonel] Henderson, Quartermaster
Blair, Sergeant-Maj or Forbes, and the Provost of the regiment,
their arrears of pay for last year 1609 up to 51st December
last inclusive.
HAULTZ ET PUISSANTS SEIGNEURS, NOZ BONS AMIS ET CON-
FEDERES, — II n'y a longtemps que nous avons escript en faveur
du Sieur Baron de Bucklugh, vous ayant represente ses occasions
et nfe desir de se pouvoir absenter pour quelque temps de la
charge qu'il tient chez vous pour nous servir de luy aux affaires
de nfe Royaulme d'Escosse. Lesquelles occasions comme elles
s'accroissent de plus en plus, le mesme desir nous pousse aussy
pour vous reiterer noz premieres instances et vous prie qu'avec
vfe permission et gre, il y puisse faire plus grand seiour sans
encourir prejudice en sa charge et ce qui en depend. Et cepen-
dant sur la moindre occasion qui se presentera et a la premiere
semonce que luy en ferez, nous ne fauldrons de le renvoyer
quant et quant, pour se ranger promptement a vfe service.
A laquelle nfe requeste nous avons a adiouster aussy que le
vueilliez traicter gracieusement en matiere de son traictement
pour le temps passe, afin qu'il puisse trouver en effect que
nfe premiere intercession quVvons faict pour luy, ne luy sera
este inutile, come nous avous comande nre Ambassadeur
aupres de vous, de vous en faire instance plus particular e.
i6n] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH 257
Nous nous confions que pour le regard de nfe service ne ferez
difficulte de nous attribuer ceste requeste, et serons prestz de
le recognoistre quant Foccasion nous sera offerte. Vfe tres
affectione Amy
De nfe Palais de Westminstre, ce 24e jour d'Avril 1611.
JACQUES R.
May 25. — Lord Winwood, Ambassador of the King of Great Resolutions
Britain, was present at the meeting, and presented a letter
from His Majesty, dated the 24th April last at Westminster,
in favour of the Baron Buccleuch, to the end that the king
might still for a time be permitted to employ him in Scotland
in His Majesty ""s service without prejudice to his commission
here, and all pertaining thereto. Requesting that he be treated
graciously as to his pay for the time, His;Majesty having em-
powered the above mentioned lord as his deputy to make a
point of this, after which his Excellency made and delivered in
writing the following proposals.
Voz Seigies entendent par les lettres du Roy mon Maistre
de quelle affection sa Mat6 desire que Fabsence de Monsr le Baron
de Bouclough, laquelle toutesfois n'est pas advenue sans vostre
licence et permission, puisse estre excusee ; et pour quelque peu
de temps davantage, soubs votre bon plaisir encore prorogee,
ce que Sa Mat6 ne demande pas a Finstance dud. Sieur de
Boucloughe, ny pour quelque bien qu'il en tirera, ains pour le
respect particulier de son service ; scachant par Fexperience
qu'il a eue de sa suffisance que sa presence en Escosse, moyen-
nant que cela puisse estre, sans prejudice a voz affayres, y sera
fort necessayre pour le reglement de la polyce, laquelle pour
estre bien establie, requiert Fauthorite des Seigrs du pa'is, qui
sont non seulement estimez pour leur qualite, mais reverez
encores pour leur prudence et preudhommie. CTcst la privaute
que sa Ma16 use envers vous, de se servir de vos serviteurs,
laquelle liberte vous pourrez prendre hardiment en son endroict
de vous servir des siens pour le bien et advancement de voz
affayres. L'instance que sa Mat6 faict, que tant pour le passe
que pour le venyr, durant son absence, le traictement qui luy
appartient en quallite de Collonel, ne soyt pas retranche, puis-
qu'il n'a este absent que par permission de voz Seigries. C'est
£
258 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1611
pour monstrer le soing qu'elle a que le Sieur de Bouclough,
employe en son service, ne re9oyve point de dommage, non pas
qu'elle doubte que voz octroys, en lieu de graces, soyent con-
vertis en mulctes et amendes : Quod in gratiam est concessum,
in odium non debet detorqueri. La faveur qu'il vous plairez
faire a ce Seigr, sa Mat6 prendra en tres bonne part et la
recognoistra par tous offices de meilleur Amy et Allie. Je
supplie que je puisse avoyr par escript vostre responce et pour
ma decharge et que le Baron de Boucloughe tant mieux se
puisse regler sans y contrevenyr, a ce que de vostre part sera
ordonne. Faict le 25e de May 1611.
Signe RODOLPHE WINWOOD.
A consultation was held on the proposal, made at the meet-
ing in the forenoon, by the Lord Winwood, Ambassador of the
King of Great Britain, in favour of the Baron of Buccleuch, in
order that he may be permitted to remain for a certain time
still in Scotland, in the service of His Majesty. And all things
considered, an understanding was come to that it would be
difficult to agree to said request because of the disservice and
bad precedent of it to the Land. But especially seeing that
the said Lord Baron, petitioning as having been more than
seven years in the service of the Land, has not been present
personally in the same, in all, more than six months. And
that therefore the said Lord Winwood be requested to take
this excuse in good part and transcribe it.
In case, however, his Excellency should further insist, it was
agreed that on the recommendation of His Majesty, consent be
given for the said baron to have six months more leave from his
regiment without reference to or stoppage of his pay that is
due or will be due, and as besides there is no reason for that
since the regiment as yet is not accepted on any repartition.
But we declare nevertheless, that the matter shall be attended
to, as soon as the assembled deputies of the provinces shall
have arrived.
1612, January 10. — Mr. Magnus presiding, intimated that
through his Excellency he had received intelligence of the
death of Colonel Buccleuch, and being afraid that the King
of Great Britain might again set about recommending in his
place as commander of the regiment some one not having the
1612] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH 259
necessary skill and experience, that therefore his Excellency
would ask their Highnesses to take into consideration whether
it might not be advisable (in anticipation of such action), that
they at once commission a fit colonel ; that his Excellency
recommends the lieutenant-colonel of the said regiment, Robert
Henderson, whom he knows as a good soldier, and who is well
fitted for the position, and that a provisional instrument might
be granted him to assume the command of the said regiment
and keep it in good military order. All which having been
considered and weighed, it was agreed on the said recom-
mendation of his Excellency that an instrument be granted to
the said Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson, whereby he shall be
commissioned to command the foresaid regiment in the same
quality as hitherto he has held, and containing further a pro-
mise that should their Highnesses decide to appoint or com-
mission a colonel at some future time over the said regiment,
he was to be preferred before any one else.
r
Recommendation of Lord Buccleuch.
(Jan. 4. Rec. Feb. 8, 1612.)
HAULTS ET PUISSANTS SEIGNEURS NOZ BONS AMIS ET ALLIEZ, — Diplomatic
Nous vous avons desia par noz lettres assez instammen reco- dence 1509
mande Taffaire du Baron de Bucklugh, lequel pour vous estre 1614.
bien et particulier* cognu, il n'est pas besoing par redites
inutiles de vous plus representer. Seulement vous prions
encore par celle-cy d'y vouloir avec telle promptitude qu'il
conviendra mettre la derniere main et de comuniquer a nre
Ambassadeur demeurant aupres de vous (auquel avons n'agueres
renouvelle la charge de vous en faire instance de nre part, et
de nous advertir au plustot de ce qui s'en sera ensuivy) vfe
premiere resolution la dessus. Ce que ne doubtons point que
vous ne vueilliez faire tres volontiers, non seulement pour
exempter la partie interessee de toute fascheuse attente, ains
pour nous faire voir par mesme moyen le soing que vous avez
de satisfaire a noz subiects, mesmement a ceux que nous avons
en estime, en toutes leurs iustes poursuittes, co de nre cdste
nous demeurons. — Vre bien affectionne amy, JAQUES R.
De nre Palais de Westminstre le 4e jour de Janvier 1612.
260
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
[1612
Resolutions
of the States-
General
Diplomatic
Correspon-
dence.
July 16. — The request was read of Johan Cleck, and Johan
van Thielburgh, the servant and solicitor of the late Colonel
Buccleuch, with an appended letter of the King of Great
Britain, dated 12th January last, in favour of the son of the
said colonel ; written to urge that an order be issued about
the payment of arrears for services of the said colonel. And
it is decided to have the advice of the Council of State there-
anent, with the admonition that they attend well to all the
particulars.
September 1. — The advice is read of the Council of State,
convened 25th August last, concerning the request of the ser-
vant and solicitor of the late Colonel Buccleuch, and first it
was agreed that, before disposing of the matter, inquiry be
made in what state the affairs of the said Buccleuch are, and
what passports he has had.
1613, February 8. — Hereafter the said Lord Winwood
declared that he was charged by His Majesty to present to
their Highnesses a letter of His Majesty, dated the 4th January
last, whereby His Majesty again strongly recommends and
requests that they will be pleased to show all diligence in the
affairs of the Baron of Buccleuch, with such promptitude and
willingness as is fitting; and to communicate to His Majesty's
Ambassador residing here their resolution, to be taken finally
thereon. To which end the said Lord-Depute made urgent
request, and asked that said resolution be given to him in
writing.
After consultation it was resolved in substance to reply that
seeing the pay of the late Baron of Buccleuch has never been
accepted by the Provinces on the repartition of which he held his
footing, therefore no resolution can be come to about the pay-
ment of the said pay until the Provinces shall have given their
consent to the quota demanded from each towards payment of
the old debt. That being done, proceedings will be taken
with all due consideration for the recommendation of His
Majesty ; and a resolution will be arrived at in the business of
the said Baron of Buccleuch as favourable as in the present
situation of the government of their Lands shall be found just,
reasonable, and right.
1613, Feb. 8. — Sur le contenu de la lettre du roy de la
1613] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH 261
Grande Bretaigne, datee le quatriesme iour de Janvier dernier,
escript par Sa Maj. en faveur du baron de Bucklugh, presentee
et recommandee ce jour d'huy en Tassemblee a Messeigneurs
les Estats Gnlx des Pays Bas Unis par le Sr Winwood,
ambassadr de sad. Majeste, declarent iceulx Seigneurs Estatz
aultant que le tractement de feu le baron de Bucklugh n'a
jamais este accepte par la province sur laquelle il avoit este
repartie. C'est pourquoy qu'il ne peult estre resolu sur le
payement d'icelluy, avant que les provinces soient d'accord sur
le faict des quotes d'icelles (a quoy Ton travaille tous les iours)
et que les consentemens requis pour le payement de vielles
debtes seront accordez. Cela faict sera alors avec toutes
bonnes considerations, avec regard a la recommendation de
sad. Maj6 et sur Paffaire du diet baron de Bucklugh si favor-
ablement resolu, comme selon la constitution presente de Pestat
de ce pays il sera trouve en justice, raison et equite convenir.
Faict en Tassemblee des d. Seigneurs les Estatz Gnlx le 8e
jour de Febvrier Tan xvic et treize.
August 7. — The request of the son of the late Colonel
Buccleuch was read, requesting liquidation, settling of accounts,
and satisfaction for the arrears for his father's services. But
it was agreed, before coming to a decision, to read the minutes
of the advice regarding it drawn up by the Council of
State.
October 19. — A request was read, presented on the part of
the son of the late Baron of Buccleuch, praying for payment
of arrears of his father's services.
And it was agreed to place the same in the hands of the
Council of State, to be examined more particularly, and thereon
to advise their High Mightinesses.
October 26.— Read the advice of the Council of State,
dated the 24th inst., on the request of the son of Colonel
Buccleuch, holding, for reasons mentioned therein, that their
Honours in this matter do not know how otherwise to advise
than they advised a year ago, 1612, August 23rd, on the request
of the servant and solicitor of the late Colonel Buccleuch, for
settlement and payment. They have to advise the States-
General that his regiment landed at the close of 1603, and he
himself in the beginning of 1604. And according to a resolu-
262 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1613
tion of their High Mightinesses, his pay as colonel commenced
on the 1 st of January, and as captain on the 1 6th January
1604 ; and so continued serving till the 25th December 1611 ;
that he was absent most of the time in Scotland and England,
as he left with passport at the commencement of the siege of
Sluys in May 1604, and in 1605, a little before they went
afield, and was that summer not with them in the field. Also
in 1606, even before the war, he was not afield. So that in
the year 1605, or till the beginning of the year 1606, he was
little in this Land, except that he returned ouce or twice, and,
nevertheless, he was paid as colonel till 29th of June 1609, and
as captain till the 6th July 1609. Nor has he had here any
continuous passports of absence except what were sought for in
the interval. From all which it is rather to be inferred that
his place was kept open for him than that he has a right to
enjoy pay. And we should therefore be of opinion, under
correction, that the remonstrant ought to be well content with
the wages and payments he received.
November 25. — The advice of the Council of State was read
again, of date 24th October last, on the request of the son of
the late Colonel Buccleuch. And it was agreed to commission
the Clerk of Court to sound the petitioner's commissioners as
to whether they are empowered to come to an agreement and
treat in regard to all the petitioner's claims, and in that case,
it is suggested that they might negotiate for a yearly pension
during the life of the petitioner, as satisfaction in full of all
the petitioner's claims, none excepted.
1615, January 20. — Taking into account negotiations pre-
viously begun on the part of the heir of the late Baron and
Colonel Buccleuch, and what was offered to his commissioners
in full payment of his arrears. It was agreed, that to Delia
Butler, legitimate daughter of the late Captain Thomas Butler,
whom the said Baron, being then only fifteen years of age,
seduced and bent to his will and lust, there shall be paid, by
way of deduction from the sum that shall be agreed upon,
and settled as due to the said heir, one hundred guilders in all.
The one half ready money, and the other half within the next
six months.
August 15. — On the recommendation of Lord Wotton,
i6i5] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH
Ambassador Extraordinary of the King of Great Britain, with
the view of obtaining for the heir of the late Colonel Buccleuch
satisfaction in reference to the foresaid colonel's arrears.
After deliberation, it was understood and agreed that the
offer already made shall be renewed to the commissioners of
the foresaid heir, and in the transaction they are to remember
the little daughter of the foresaid colonel, by Delia Butler,
daughter of Captain Butler.
August 26. — Hereafter the foresaid Lord Ambassador
recommended two matters, the one about the son of the late
Colonel Buccleuch, that the same should be satisfied and paid
his father's arrears in money and not by a pension.
September 8. — The Clerk of Court was again commissioned
to confer more particularly with the commissioners of the heir
of the late Colonel Buccleuch, about the offer of the life pen-
sion of twelve hundred guilders a year, during his whole life
long, made to him as in full payment of all his claims. Also
in reference to the satisfaction he undertakes to give for the
support of the mother and bastard child, left by the foresaid
colonel, for which urgent request is made to their High
Mightinesses.
November 11. — The Clerk of Court reported that he, in
pursuance of the charge of their High Mightinesses, has been
in communication with the commissioner of the son and heir
of the late Colonel Buccleuch, about the offer made to him
here on a former occasion, of a pension of twelve hundred
guilders a year, in full payment of all the claims of the said heir
to the arrears for his late father's services to the Land, and
that the said commissioner has declared that he will accept the
foresaid offer, provided their High Mightinesses please to
grant him a deed to the effect that if at any future time a new
regiment were to be raised in Scotland for their service, that
they should appoint him master over it, and commission him as
colonel. And otherwise that he is content to acquit and dis-
charge on the offer of the said pension of twelve hundred
guilders yearly, provided their High Mightinesses be pleased to
provide him with the first colonelcy of the Scots presently in
service, that shall become vacant by the death of the colonel.
Declaring further about the claim of the woman by whom the
264 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1615
late Colonel Buccleuch had a child, still living, that the said
woman received from the foresaid colonel one thousand guilders,
that she also received from their High Mightinesses at the
expense of the arrears of the said colonel, in one sum, one hun-
dred thalers, and in another, sixty guilders. That in addition
he is willing to pay her four hundred guilders more, and that in
his opinion, the said woman ought therewith to be well con-
tented. But should their High Mightinesses, in spite of all
this, consider the offer not enough, he leaves it to be fixed at
their discretion.
It was agreed that the said Clerk of Court shall refer the
matter as above to the said woman, and learn from her whether
she is willing to be satisfied with these terms. If not, what
more she claims, and with what she would be contented, and in
addition, whether she would be willing to part from her child.
December 3. — Heard the report of the Clerk of Court on his
conference with the commissioners of the son of the late Baron
Buccleuch, formerly Colonel of a Scottish regiment in the ser-
vice of these Lands, and with the mother of the bastard child
of the said Baron by her. In satisfaction of all said mother's
claims for her own support and that of the said child, she
asked one thousand guilders ready money, and four hundred
guilders yearly, whereupon the foresaid commissioners offered
her only six hundred guilders ready money and two hundred
guilders yearly, and to relieve her from keeping the said child.
After deliberation their High Mightinesses concluded and
resolved, that the said mother, for all her claims, is to receive
eight hundred guilders in ready money once, and over and above
that two hundred guilders yearly for her support, and besides
that, two hundred guilders a year for the support of the said
child, until by legal attestation from the city of Edinburgh, it
shall be shown to their High Mightinesses that the said child
shall have been adopted by the heir of the said Baron of Buc-
cleuch and supported. On which the said two hundred guilders
for the child here shall cease.
December 19. — A remonstrance handed in by the commis-
sioners of the heir of the late Baron of Buccleuch was read.
And it was agreed that the Clerk of Court shall confer more
particularly with the same, in order to understand the remon-
1616] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH 265
strant's intentions and say to him, that their High Mighti-
nesses do not desire in this matter in any way to use their
authority, but that the remonstrant shall have to give his
consent to the offers made, as well in regard to the principal,
as in respect to the woman or mother of the child, willingly, or
refuse to do so.
1616, January 31. — On the petition of Delia Botlers, re-
questing that it may please their High Mightinesses to increase
the 200 guilders assigned to her as a provision by way of
deduction from the claims of the late Baron of Backlough by
such additional sum as may enable her both to satisfy her
creditors and to live on in this cold winter: it is resolved
that the petitioner must be satisfied in the meantime with the
said 200 guilders, on the understanding that her creditors may
not seize her goods.
April 30. — On the request of Miss Delia Butler, praying
that the child the deceased Colonel Buccleuch had by her be
left in her charge, and that for the support of herself and the
foresaid child, the resolution made some time ago by their High
Mightinesses regarding this matter be allowed to take effect.
After deliberation it is understood that they will not permit
the child to go to the heir of the foresaid Colonel Buccleuch,
but let it remain with the petitioner on the footing of the
foresaid resolution.
July 16. — To Delia Butler, by whom the late Colonel
Buccleuch had a child, there was granted for her support, and
that of the child, fifty guilders ready money, and fifty guilders
more within the next six months, by way of deduction from
the arrears of the foresaid colonel.
July 22. — On the request of Hans van Thielburch, praying
for payment of the three thousand guilders, which the late
Baron of Buccleuch is justly indebted to him for moneys
advanced and services. But a resolution as to that is post-
poned till the transaction commenced with the heir of the
foresaid Lord Baron shall be concluded.
November 1. — In consideration of the coming cold winter,
a further sum of 150 guilders is voted to Delia Botlaers on the
same conditions as before ; this sum to be deducted from the
arrears still due by the country to Baron Bachlough.
266 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1617
1617, May 10. — To Miss Butler on the foregoing footing is
yet granted 100 guilders once, for the support of her little
daughter, which she had by the late Baron of Buccleuch.1
Noel de Caron to the States- General.
(Oct. 19, 1617. Rec. Nov. 14.)
MY LORDS, — Annexed is an autograph letter of His Majesty,
in which he requests me, on his behalf, to direct the attention
of your High Mightinesses to the case of the Baron of Buccleuch,
in order that he be paid the money, which the State owes to
his late father. In effect, the king charged his secretary Lord
Winwood to state, that it seems the said Buccleuch would be
willing to give an acquittance and full discharge for the debts
your High Mightinesses owe to him in consequence of the
circumstances referred to, provided he be appointed a colonel
in their service ; which the king thinks can be done, without
further expense to the country, if an agreement could be made
with Colonel Brock, whom the king considers will now be
pretty well up in years ; 2 and that it is time he should retire
from war. In addition, he should receive a certain honorary
pension, to be provided for Colonel Brock by the said
Buccleuch. The king is of opinion that this matter would
be speedily settled if you would arrange matters with the said
Brock. The king, with the same end in view, will write to
his ambassador Carleton, in order that on the king's behalf he
may do all he can. I willingly recommend this proposal to the
consideration of your High Mightinesses, His Majesty being so
much interested in the matter, as the said Lord Winwood
informed me. I have also written to his Excellency who, I
suppose, will also communicate with your High Mightinesses in
order that the matter may be so arranged as to be of the
greatest service and profit to the land. Truly, my lords, the
said Buccleuch is a young nobleman, brave and well fitted for
1 It is interesting to note the ultimate fortune of the child who had been the
subject of so much application and negotiation. ' Jeane Scot, natural sister of
Earl Walter, called by Satchells "Holland's Jean," married Robert Scott of
Quhitslaid, who, on 8th November 1633, granted a discharge to Earl Walter for
8000 merks of tocher with her. ' — Sir William Eraser's Scott s of Buccleuch.
2 Colonel Brog was nevertheless able to render good service for nineteen
years more.
1617] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH 267
war. I well know that in attending to this matter, your High
Mightinesses will perform an act of great friendship to His
Majesty. NOEL DE CARON.
MONSIEUR CARON, — Encores que ie vous aye souvent rec-
comande 1'affaire du Sieur de buccleugh pour interceder
aveques messieurs les estats, qu'il puisse avoir quelque satis-
faction d'eux, pour les debtes deues a son pere ; si est ce que
ie n*en ay encores receu aucune responce, afin donques que
vous puissies scavoir, aveques quelle instance ie demande que
iustice luy soit faicte aveques toute faveur et bonne expedition
en ce cas, ie vous envoye ce mot escripnt de ma main propre,
remectant a secretaire Winwoode de vous informer plus
particulierement sur ce subiect et vous recomendant a la pro-
tection du tout puissant. — Vostre bon amy, JAQUES R.
November 4. — The Messrs. Goch, Bouchorst, and Vernau
report that they have intimated orally to the Lord Ambassador
Carleton the conditions on which their High Mightinesses have
agreed to grant the requested deed of expectancy to the Earl
of Buccleuch, as to which also some argument took place
between both parties. It was thought proper, before resolving
further thereon, that a concept of the deed or resolution be
drawn up in writing, that afterwards it may again be read
over here, and checked in such a way as may be found necessary.
It is to contain the complete discharge of all his claims on the
Land on account of his father's services, and otherwise, the
payment of his father's debts here in this Land not excepted.
The missive of the King of Great Britain was read over, dated
from Belvoir, the 5th August last, in favour of the Lord Earl
of Buccleuch, in order that he be satisfied — whether in ready
money, or by his being provided with some honourable charge
in the service of the Land. And looking closely at all that
had been previously done in this matter, it was found that
their High Mightinesses have always shown themselves inclined
to the completion of the matter aforesaid, and that it was
owing to the said Earl of Buccleuch himself that the affair had
not terminated sooner, he not having been willing to accept
the equitable offers made.
Out of regard to the strong recommendations of His Majesty,
and the good qualities of the foresaid earl — about whom their
High Mightinesses have certainly had other good reasons to
268 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1617
excuse them — and in order yet to show their inclination to
and affection for the good qualities of the said earl, and how
much they esteem what His Majesty has been pleased to recom-
mend about the matter through the foresaid missive and His
Majesty ^s ambassador, also through their own commissioners
who were last in England, it was resolved that the foresaid
Lord Earl of Buccleuch be granted satisfaction in one of the
said two ways : either, one way, by granting him a deed to the
effect that he shall have the first colonelcy that shall become
vacant among the troops of the Scottish nation, and in case,
before a vacancy occurs, a new regiment of Scots should be
raised, that the same shall be done under him.1 But it is to
be understood that in accepting this he is to renounce the
other proposed way of satisfaction,2 and to resign all his claims
on the Land, their High Mightinesses understanding it to be
just and in order that the large debts due by his late father,
the Baron of Buccleuch, to his solicitor, here in this Land, be
paid by the said earl.3
The ' Acte Expectatif:
1620, July 14.— The States-General of the United Nether-
lands, on account of the earnest prescript of His Majesty the
King of Great Britain, and the very serious recommendation of
Lord Carleton, His Majesty's ambassador, also in consideration
of the merits of the late Lord Baron of Buccleuch, and the good
qualities of the present Earl of Buccleuch, have, in conformity
with their High Mightinesses1 resolution of the 4th November
last, and the declaration regarding it, drawn up in writing, by
the said Earl of Buccleuch, in his missive of the 19th May
last, with the said Earl of Buccleuch therein agreed, and we
do agree by these presents to this Act of Expectancy (' Acte
1 i.e. that the colonelcy of the new regiment should be given him.
2 This apparently refers to a money settlement.
3 It will be seen that when the colonelcy of his father's regiment fell vacant,
by Sir Robert Henderson's death at Bergen-op-Zoom, it was given, not to the
earl, but to Sir Francis Henderson, the next in command, the reason probably
being the critical condition of military affairs, and the necessity for appointing
an officer of experience. It was not till 1629, when the States reorganised their
Scottish troops in three instead of two regiments, that the earl received a com-
mand, being then appointed to the new regiment. As to his services, see Sir
William Fraser's Scott s of Buccleuch^ vol. i. p. 253.
i62o] CLAIMS OF LORD BUCCLEUCH 269
Expectatif ' ), to wit, that his lordship shall have conferred on
him by their High Mightinesses the first colonelcy that shall
fall vacant among the troops of the Scottish nation, here in the
Land on military duty and service.
Or if, before a vacancy occur, a new Scottish regiment be
raised, such levy shall be made by his lordship's person — all
without guile.
Drawn up at a meeting of their said High Mightinesses, the
States- General, under their seal, signed, and the signature of
the Lord Recorder, on the 14th day of the month July, in the
year 1620.
The Earl of BucdeucKs letter of thanks. (July 16.)
HAULTS ET PUISSANTS SEIGNEURS, — La favorable resolution
de voz Seigneuries, touch ant mon affaire sur la recommanda-
tion de Sa Mat6 nFa donne Foccasion et la hardiesse de vous
addresser ceste lettre icy. Le contenu est seulement de vous
rendre graces en toute humilite pour la faveur qu'il a pleu a
Voz Seigneuries monstrer en mon endroict et vous resoudre x
que je suis content d'accepter et embracer la susde resolution
avec les conditions y comprinses. Suppliant cependant tres
humblement Voz Seigries de vouloir donner vfe Acte la dessus,
par quel moyen voz Seigries couppants chemin a tous aultres se
depescheront de leur importunite et me encourageront de pour-
suivre alargiement la dessus de Fenvie que j'ay tousjours eu de
vous servir. Car ce n'este pas Favarice qui m'a pousse a cecy,
mais seulement (come j'ay tan tost diet) Faffection que ie porte
au service de voz Seigneuries et le desir que j'ay d'estre employe
en quelque chose honorable en la guerre. Ce n'est pas nm
faulte que voz Seigneuries n'ayent entendu de moy, il y a
longtemps, car je n'ay jamais receu advertissement de vostre
resolution, que depuis ces quinze jours; aultrement j'eusse este
narri2 d'avoir differe sy longtemps de donner a voz Seigies
notice de mon intention. A raison de quoy plaist a voz
Seigneuries de m^excuser, ainsy laissant de vous importuner
d'avantage pour cest fois icy, mais vous baisant tres humblement
les mains, je demeure de vos Seigneuries le tres humble et tres
loyall serviteur (et estoit soubzsigne) BUKILEUGHE.
De ma maison le 29e du May 1620.
1 Repondre (?) 2 Marri (?)
270
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
[1612
RESOLUTIONS, REPORTS, REQUESTS, RECOMMEN-
DATIONS, AND OTHER ENTRIES.
LETTER OF KING JAMES i.
Recommendation of 'Thomas Cumyn, student of theology.
(Dat. March 11, 1612. Rec. Octob. 24, 1613.)
HAULTS ET PUISSANTS SEIGNEURS NOZ BONS AMYS ET ALLIEZ, —
Ce pauvre Gentilhome Thomas Cumyn, filz du feu Guillaume
Cumyn, Lieutenant d'une compagnie de gens de cheval, lequel
a este tue en vostre service, ayant luy aussy en sa premiere
ieunesse suivy les armes, s'est depuis peu adonne aux estudes
et princip* de la Theologie, en laquelle il a si bien employe le
temps qu'il desire sur toutes choses poursuivre si heureux
comencements en cas qu'il y soit encourage par suffeditation de
moyens a ce convenables. Or d'autant qu'il a este ne soubz vre
obeissance bien que des parens Escossais et comence ses estudes
en voz pai's, ou il desire les continuer, nous avons a sa tres
humble requeste trouve bon le vous recomander et vous prier
que le vueillez fournir de quelque appointement qui le puisse
encourager a Fachevement de ses estudes, a ce qu'il se rende
capable de servir vre Estat ou il aura este esleve, et FEglise de
Dieu y establie. — Vre bien bon amy, JAQUES R.
Escript a Thetford, le xie. jour de Mars 1612.
Provincial States of Utrecht to the Council of State.
(April 9, 1612.)
MY LORDS, — In reference to the matter made known to us
by Alexander Wishart, Captain of the Cavalry Company here
in garrison, regarding which he complained, and made a re-
quest to us, your Honours will learn the particulars thereof
from the annexed document. And since we consider his
request reasonable and to the interest of the Provinces, and
1612] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 271
particularly serviceable to this place, we could not refuse to
recommend his request to the consideration of your Lordships,
since otherwise the authority of the magistracy and of the
commanders and officers of the army would be brought into
utter contempt, and might cause serious detriment to the
Provinces. — Herewith, etc., the Deputies of the States of the
Province of Utrecht.
At Utrecht, the 9th April 1612.
To their Lordships the Deputies of the three
Provincial States of Utrecht.
Alexander Wishart, Captain of a Cavalry Company, in the
service of the States- General of the United Netherlands, begs
with all due reverence to offer the following remonstrance. That
he, the remonstrant, never gave any one belonging to his
company the slightest reason to revolt against his Excellency, or
take part in any plot or unlawful gathering. Although a good
number of them lately chose to hold a meeting in this city, in
a certain yard near the Green Horse Belt. The one summoning
the other there, and forming a plot of this nature, that a cer-
tain number of them had their opinions and claims set down
in a written document which they signed, as will appear from
the enclosed copy of their request. And since the same has a
taste of sedition and disobedience, and also was entered on
without notice to their Lordships, the Governor, the Com-
misary Lemm, or any of their lawful superiors, and as they did
not pursue their claim by way of remonstrance ; and such in-
subordination being not only injurious to this city and garrison,
but also to this company, besides being of disadvantage to the
Provinces. Therefore he, the remonstrant, would like to dis-
charge some of the ringleaders from his company. But he
would prefer to do so, with the cognisance and previous know-
ledge of their Lordships, the Councillors of State. Therefore
he humbly begs your Lordships will be pleased to grant him
your favourable recommendation to said Councillors of State,
in order that his Excellency may be permitted to dismiss six
or seven individuals, and at once receive an equal number in
their place, etc.
272 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1612
COPY
To the Governor and Council of War in Utrecht.
We the undersigned, all of us troopers of the Company of
Alexander Wishart, humbly pray that your Lordship, the
Governor and the Council of War will be pleased to pardon
the liberty we have taken in approaching you with our claims,
as set forth in the request we have signed. It happened
through our ignorance, and we are heartily sorry to have given
occasion to my Lord Governor and Council of War to be
incensed at our conduct; sorry likewise that we revolted
against our captain. In all this we petition you graciously to
pardon us. By doing so, etc.
Signed by twenty- two both in marks and names, and presented
in the Council of War on the 28th March 1612.
Signed after comparison with his private copy, and presented
at the time above mentioned. This copy is found therewith to
agree, by me, the Magistrate, (signed) D. VAN LEEUWEN.
Companies of Captains Douglas and Balfour.
To My Lords the Council of State. (April 25, 1612.)
May it please your Lordships to receive the rolls, which I
herewith forward to you, of the musters by me carried out, of
the company of Captain Douglas (leaving for Grave) and like-
wise of the company of Captain Balfour — exchanged1 by the
Commissary Corens ; both being fine bodies of men, but armed
after the manner of their nation, contrary to the resolution
passed some time ago by your Lordships, regarding the arming
of the soldiers. Moreover, I find daily that with increasing
frequency the captains grant leave to the majority of their
soldiers to go out and work far and near ; yea, many remain
absent from their respective garrisons during the night,
making provision for their watches (so they say), which, if it
happened to a small number, it might, I think, in present cir-
cumstances, be tolerated for a time, so that they may — living
1 Exchanged by Commissary Corens. Perhaps, by alternation with Com-
missary Corens, i.e. taking my alternate turn of mustering it. Literally it is,
by Commissary Corens brought in exchange, alternation. — Translator's Note.
1612] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 273
being so dear in the district — better support themselves in the
service. But since it has gone beyond all bounds, and takes
place without any order, particularly during the daytime,
whereby posts are left almost deserted, as your Lordships may
observe from the enclosed list of the review held by me in the
afternoon at Ysendyck, as a matter of duty, I cannot refrain
from acquainting your Lordships with this, that you may give
due attention to it. And that your Lordships be the more
certain of what has been said I shall detail the circumstances
of the said review, or in case any captain should complain of
being circumvented or improperly taken by surprise. At the
muster in the St. Cataleynen redoubt on the 20th inst., in
order to keep the surrounding garrisons at their posts, I at the
same time advised the commandant in Ysendyck of the musters
in such a manner that Captain W. Wabbe (then in command
in the absence of Monsr d'Hautheyn) received my letter in good
time, as he acknowledges, between 10 and 11 o'clock forenoon,
shortly after which I arrived and commenced by reviewing the
company of Captain Balfour in the Jouffrouwen redoubt, it being
about three in the afternoon when I commenced to review the
said company. May I add, my Lords (under correction), that I
am of opinion there was ample time in the interval to have got
more men together had they not been scattered far and wide,
working here and there, some of them I tell you usually
working at a distance of two or three miles from their garrison.
These I pretended to discharge, not choosing to have informa-
tion of their exodus from the garrison. But by reasons given
I wished first to advise your Lordships of the matter, that you
may be pleased to instruct me what course I should take ; at
the same time praying that it may please your Lordships to
write to the governor or the commanders respectively on the
subject, and let them keep their men better together, so as to
be always properly ready for muster. From which much
good advantage will result, and confusion and misunder-
standing be prevented. . . . Herewith humbly recommending
myself to the good grace of your Lordships, I pray God, etc.
— Your Lordships humble faithful servant,
D. VAN BOMBERGEN.
At Sluys, 25th April 1612.
274 THE TWELVE YEARS^ TRUCE [1612
Annexa (in original Dutch).
Reveue van den Garnisoene binnen Ysendyck, op den
xx Aprilis 1612.
De compaie van monsr d'Hautheyn.
Musquetten, . . 14
Spiessen, ... 22
36 coppen.
De compaie van den Capn Yerhorst.
Musquetten, . . 21
Spiessen, . . . 15
36 coppen.
De compaie van den Drossaert Straelen.
Musquetten, . . 22
Spiessen, . . 15
37 coppen.
De compaie van den Cap" Livingston.
Musquetten, . . 25
Spiessen, ... 21
46 coppen.
De compaie van den Cap" Wabben.
Musquetten, . . 22
Spiessen, . . ^22
44 coppen.
De compaie van wylen den Capn Ram.
Musquetten, . . 10
Spiessen, . . . 16
26 coppen.
Records of 1613, December 31 . — There was read the advice of the
amend. Council of State, dated the 19th inst— on the request of
Robert Henderson, and also on the resolution before mentioned,
of their High Mightinesses — to the effect that they are of
opinion that the 'petitioner's pay as colonel ought to com-
mence from this date onward. That the States of Zeeland
have shown that they are satisfied to accept that he is to
1614] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 275
receive his pay upon their repartition, according to what (in
accordance with the contents of said resolution, viz. of the 28th
April 1612) he himself has declared ; on condition that the
Lords of Zeeland also further agree to give him said pay. In
addition, said pay of colonel is to be kept at three hundred
guilders a month, as it is appointed also in the State of War,
and he is to be satisfied therewith like other colonels, par-
ticularly of our own nation. But a resolution on the matter
is postponed until the consent of the Province be examined,
and it be understood what the Council of State think of it.
To the Council of State. (Jan. 7, 1614)
MY LORDS, — There was handed to me by the bearer of Letters and
,. .. ..„ TIT- • ,1 Requests to
this a certain missive from your Lordships concerning the the council
request of the creditors of Cavalry Captain Arskyn.1 From of State,
which I understand that your Lordships were informed by
these creditors, that I out of eighteen whole months1 pay
received by me since the said captain left have retained
under name of my own pay 5400 guilders belonging to the
creditors, and that I allowed myself to be induced by the
cornet of the said company to let said sum together with
further sums the creditors had a claim on out of the arrears of
pay be forwarded to the said cornet, in payment of what the
captain is said to have promised him for the transport of the
company. As to this, I most humbly cannot withhold from
your Lordships that as regards the money which I received
from the States of Vriesland, the long continued bad payments
have obliged me to spend for the support of the company, not
only the said sum, but above ten thousand guilders more (which
I advanced from my own pocket, and negotiated for on my
credit), but for which said company would necessarily have
dwindled away and fallen into confusion. Besides, in all cases
where a liquidation and full payment of a company's pay is
made there has always been an opinion prevalent that the
money should go to the creditors, and that they should get a
share in some way due to them on the strength of the resolu-
tion of their High Mightinesses the States- General and by
1 See also supra, p. 215.
276 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1614
injunctions given to the captain. It never occurred to me
that the cornet or anybody else should in the slightest degree
be favoured to the injury of the creditors. And since mention
is made in your Lordships' letter, that the creditors claimed a
right over the sum of three hundred guilders per month, I
cannot omit humbly to recall to the recollection of your
Lordships that the resolution of the States-General, dated the
3rd November 1610, is to the effect that the captain may pay
said debts, with the half of his pay, as paid monthly, retaining
the other half for his maintenance; and in such a manner
that on no account shall more than two hundred guilders a
month of the captain's pay be allowed to the creditors. Besides,
in addition to this, the captain had yet assigned out of the
other half to Bartholomew Reminger the sum of twelve
hundred and seventy-six guilders, payable at the rate of a
hundred guilders a month, which sum aforesaid of two hundred
guilders a month, altogether amounting to twelve hundred and
seventy-six guilders, I shall do all I can to pay as soon as the
company receive payment of their arrears. But also out of
what was left of the captain's pay I kept his horses and servants
and cleared away divers other charges left by him. Also many
difficulties occurred daily, because of these long-continued bad
payments. I humbly pray herewith that your Lordships will
not permit that any further deductions of the captain's pay
[be made] beyond the said two hundred guilders a month,
together amounting to twelve hundred and seventy-six guilders,
since I could not otherwise make ends meet ; and then my
faithfulness, if I have proved it to the company during the
time of these bad payments, would be miserably rewarded. —
Herewith, etc., your obedient and always willing servant,
(Signed) THIMAN VRIESE, Secy.
Datum Zwolle, the 7th January 1614.
(Jan. 31, 1614.)
MY LORDS, — I duly received the missive of your Lordships
of 27th November last, with appended copy of the request, pre-
sented to you by Captain Wishart. In the missive you charge
me to observe at the next inspection how many troopers in
that company are badly mounted and personally unfit for the
1614] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 277
public service. And to find out how long all such badly
mounted and unfit troopers have been in the service, and to
advise your Lordships, giving the names of said troopers.
And in submitting my answer I cannot conceal from your
Lordships that in pursuance of your instructions I did my
duty in the matter, and by way of giving superabundant
satisfaction to your Lordships, I did after the muster which
took place on the 8th of this present month of January
interrogate on oath all the officers of the said company, each
one apart, whether they maintained daily the ordinary watch,
and as to knowledge of fit and unfit among their troopers,
whether they knew of any badly mounted men belonging to
the company unfit for the public service, other than those
presented to me at the place of muster, and that they were bound
in the interest of the land to give their names and surnames.
Whereupon I could discover nothing except that accidents had
happened to one or two of their horses, and that they had
bought young ones instead, which, within the year, would be
fit enough for the war. Item, two or three of the horses are
a little under the size, but suitable and well handled. More-
over, there are also two old troopers, one of whom is maimed
in the leg, and the other quite an old man. They are both
old soldiers, the elder having honourably served those Lands
for more than twenty-eight years in succession ; and because of
his years is unable to bear arms. I leave his case to the
discretion of your Lordships. This advice may be of use,
that as the captain has absolute command over his company
he must know his troopers better than I do. Your Lordships
might be pleased to charge him to reform his company in
such a manner as he shall consider he is responsible for in
the public service. On these, my arguments above detailed,
may it please your Lordships (taking them in good part) to
dispose of the matter and command me according to your good
pleasure. — Herewith, etc., (Signed) JOERIEN VAN LENNIP.
Utrecht, the 31st January 1614.
(April 9, 1614)
MY LORDS, — In pursuance of the missive of your Lordships,
forwarded to me with the enclosed request of Captain Wishart,
278 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1614
In presence of the said Captain Wishart, I paid careful
attention during my last muster of the 4th inst. to the quali-
fications and fitness of the cavalry and horses, and found
among those hereinafter described, persons having small but
well-trained horses. And although I sharply charged each of
them separately to get themselves better mounts against the
next muster, my orders have not as yet been carried out, for
the reason they offer in excuse that they have not means to pur-
chase proper horses ; and they asked three months, which the
captain granted them, so as not to ruin them. And by desire
of your Lordships the names of the persons with small horses
are given as follows : Jan Banckerts, Jacob de Heuvel, Jan
Michel, Jone Allen, one among them named Egbert Segerssoon
is to be excepted, as to be exact he has a young unfit horse
with a spavin on both hind legs and I discharged him till
further orders from your Lordships. Besides there is a certain
Evert Gevers, who has been absent more than six weeks beyond
his leave, contrary to my instructions, of all which I could not
but inform your Lordships. Requesting respectfully thereupon
your Lordships1 advice, according to which I shall be regulated.
Praying etc., Your Worshippful Mightinesses obedient servant,
JoERIEN VAN LENNIE.
Utrecht, 19th April 1714, new style.
Resolutions 1614, October 29. — Read the advice of the Council of State,
of states- Of date the 25th inst., regarding the request of the widow of
Captain Berckley, to the effect that she cannot rest her case in
particular on the current pay of his company, inasmuch as said
company, during his period of service was all along on the foot-
ing of payment by the States of Holland. And after consulta-
tion the request of the petitioner was refused.
November 1. — The widow of the late Captain Berckley and
present wife of Bartholomew Bonder, was granted out of com-
miseration for her present poor circumstances thirty guilders
in all.1
To the Council of State. (Feb. 27, 1615.)
Letters and
Requests to MY LORDS, — As to what took place in the garrison here,
of state. between Jacques Nering, a soldier in Colonel Brogh's company
1 See p. 211.
1615] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 279
and Jan Davidts belonging to Captain Bredenrode^s, your
Lordships may ascertain from the request, which, with a
similar missive to his Excellency, I have caused to be forwarded
to you. In which affair, on the first complaint made by
Captain Lieutenant Majoribank, commanding the company of
Colonel Brogh, proceedings were carried so far that it came
before the Council of War here. But the said Captain Lieu-
tenant, well seeing that the request was not to the advantage of
his soldiers, requested that a fuller inquiry be made before pro-
ceeding further, and also that meanwhile his wounded soldier
be released in order to get himself cured of his several pitiable
wounds and bruises ; which requests were both granted on con-
dition that the said Captain Lieutenant would stand bail
and promise to deliver into custody at any time his soldier
aforesaid. Which promise the said Majoribank made, in
the presence of a full meeting of the Council of War, and like-
wise Captain Bredenrode made along with him the same
promise, on behalf of his soldiers.
Now whether any evil intention lurked under this I cannot
say, except that what followed may well awaken suspicion ;
if one considers what was afterwards committed on the
person of Jan Davidts by the foresaid Jacques Nering as to
which the foresaid inquiry will give your Lordships fuller infor-
mation. And be it noted, the said Jan Nering has on account
of that become a fugitive, the said Captain Lieutenant having
become answerable for his person. And so (after previous
consultation with some of the Lords of States here) I could
not but inform you about this — as it is a matter fraught with
evil consequences. And I fear, as the said Majoribanks stated to
me, that further troubles may arise between the two companies
aforesaid. Therefore I request the advice and commands of
your Lordships about this, how to guide myself further therein,
both in regard to the said Jacques Nering and to Asbal Flack,
who appears to have excited himself gambling, and on that
account sits in prison, as is indeed noted in the foresaid
request. With which I, etc. Your Hon. Mightinesses humble
servant, TH. OGLE.
Actum Utrecht, the 27th February 1615.
280 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1615
To the Potent Lords of the Council of State of the United
Netherlands.
Robert Baelze, sergeant of the company of Colonel Hender-
son, begs most humbly to inform you, that he, the petitioner,
has necessary matters of business to transact in England, of
such a nature, that he has got leave from his for the
period of the ensuing three months, in order to attend to his
affairs ; therefore he humbly prays that your Lordships may
be pleased to grant him leave of absence to England for the
period of three months.
To the Council of State. (June 19, 1615.)
HIGH AND MIGHTY LORDS, — Since my lords the states of Stadt
en Landen, after the death of Captain Norman Bruce, appointed
in his stead as captain the honourable and doughty George
Coutts, and as yet have presented him with no formal commis-
sion, or even administered to him the oath ; we beg therefore,
in the most friendly way, that your High Mightinesses will
order a regular commission to be drawn up, in favour of the
said Captain Coutts, and administer to him the oath in order
that this having been done, he may rejoin his company, as
soon as possible. — Herewith, etc. Your High Mightinesses
good friends, THE DEPUTIES OF THE CITY OF
GRONIKGEN AND SURROUNDING DISTRICTS.
At Groningen, the 19th June 1615.
Letter from the Scottish Privy Council. (Aug. 2, 1615.)
ILLUSTRISS. GENERO. AMPLISS. DIGNISS. DOMINI, — Georgius
Bothvellus,centurionum unus Legionis Scoticae, apud vos,vestro
commeatu, ac licentia, hue ad nos, non ita pridem, instructus
redijt: negotiorum, ac rerum causa 111 ustris ac generosi Domini
Joannis Bothvelli, fratris sui, Baronis Sanctae crucis, Senatoris,
ac consiliarij Regni hujus nuper defuncti. Quia vero, illaipsa
familia, resque, ac negotia, administratore altero ejusdem
fratre, Francisco Bothvello, qui non ita pridem fato functus est,
in discrimen ac periculum, ejus obitu, tale deducta sunt, ut
non parvum familiae, nomini ac loco, quern ipse inter pares
i6is] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 281
Regni sustinuit, incommodum minitentur : nisi hoc unico
fratre superstite supremo stirpis illius azylo refocillentur.
Cujus etiam iudicio, instructione, ac testimonio, reliqui Regni
Senatores, tarn gravissimarum quaestionum examinandarum,
inter vasallos defuncti causa, quam restituendarum difficultatum
ac disceptationibus forensibus, quae jam inter ipsos agitantur,
non alio, quam illo assertore ac vindice uti decreverunt.
Aequum nobis visum est, hisce literis intercessionis, proroga-
tionem commeatus, a vobis concessi, ejus nomine, ab Illustris.
Gener. Ampliss. Dignitatibus vestris enixe poscere. Vosque
amice rogare, ut hanc Centurioni vestro a militia tantisper
emorandi licentiam indulgeatis, ac tempus commeatus, in
commodum ac conveniens aliquod rebus tantis peragendis (quae
non nisi ipso praesente, ac assertore expediri possunt) spacium
prorogetis. Quibus facile, et familiae suae, quae unice rebus
vestris semper addicta fuit, et nobis, ac controversijs tarn
intricatis dirimendis, provideatur. Quia vero Capitaneus ipse
sub tessera, ac partitione stipendiaria, Illustrium Ordinum
Hollandiae hactenus fuit, pariter obtestamur, ut harum
literarum lectionis, ipsi Illustrissimi Hollandiae Ordines par-
ticipes, nullum praejudicium, ex tarn legittimis emorandi
ausis, ipsi, aut centuriae suae militibus, fieri patiantur. Rebus
suis hie peractis (nisi vestrarum rerum graviora, repentinum
quid suggerant, ut vestris monitorijs evocandus sit) cum nostris
commendatitijs quasi rerum peracturum indicibus, ad vos, quam
citissime fieri possit remeabit. Si qua vero in re parem, aut
majorem benevolentiae significationem. Amplitudinibus
vestris edere poterimus, id sedulo, et lubentissime praesti-
turos nos, sancte pollicemur. Datum Edenburgi secundo die
mensis Augusti Anno Dm 1615.
Vestris Illustr. Gener. ac Ampliss. Dignitatibus addictissimi,
DUNFERMELJUS CANCELLR.
BINNING.
Jo. PRESTOUN.
ACKJBURN [sic].
ALEX. HAY.
OLIPHANT.
MURRAY.
[Indorsed] : Illustriss. Genero. Ampliss. ac Digniss. Dominis
282
THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE
[1616
D. Confoederatarum Belgij
nobis syncere dilectis.
Provinciarum Ordinibus Amicis
Resolutions
of States-
General.
Letters and
Bequests to
the Council
of State.
Diplomatic
Correspon-
dence,
England,
1615-1617.
1616, January 23.— On the petition of Jacob Scott, a
nobleman at present in the company of his Excellency Count
Henry of Nassau, it is resolved to increase the petitioner's pay
extraordinary of six guilders per month (so as to increase it),
from this date to twelve guilders per month, in the place of
John Atkinson, who died at Alkmaar before Christmas last,
and who was sergeant of the company of Captain Cathcart.
To the Council of State. (Feb. 6, 1616.)
. . . Which muster I carried out with such diligence and
care as was in any wise possible for me to do, in order to pre-
vent any frauds which might operate against the interests of
the country. And I found said companies in such condition
and of such strength as your Lordships will learn from the
said rolls. And in pursuance of your commission I passed
none among the French, English and Scotch soldiers, except
those belonging to their own respective nations ; at which the
captains have bitterly complained, and requested me to state
in a note, on the margin of the roll, how many Germans
were present ; how long they had served ; and how much
they were paid weekly. (Signed) VAN DER MULL.
Recommendation by the King of the wife and the children of
the late Colonel Edmond (1616).
MESSIEURS ET COMPERES, — Encores que ce soit chose superflue
que de vous recomender les homes de bien ou de vous ramen-
tevoir leurs bons services, mesmes apres tant de preuves de
vostre bonne volonte envers toutes sortes des gens de vertu, si
est ce que la bonne memoire du feu Colonel Edmond nous a
donnee a cest^heure Toccasion de vous recomender sa femme et
cnfantz. Et bien que nous nous asseurons que les merites de
feu son mary et sa propre vertu soyent bastantz de la faire
obtenir de vous chose quelleconque qui ne soit pas par trop
desraisonnable, neantmoins nous vous avons bien voulu prie de
la respecter et luy donner telle recompense pour le soulage-
1617] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 283
ment de soy et ses enfantz que vous donnez aux autres de sa
reng et qualite. Ce que nous asseurantz que vous ferez et
tant plus volontiers pour Famour de nous, Prions Dieu,
Messieurs et comperes, vous tenir tousiours en sa saincte garde.
Escripte a nostre palais de Grenewich le xxii [?] de May 161 [?].
[N.B. The date is obscure ; the year probably 1616.]
To the States-General.
MY LORDS, — Since the widow of Captain Ramsay has re- Records of
quested letters of attestation from us as to the conduct of her
late husband, we are bound to declare that the said captain,
during the years that he remained here in garrison, conducted
himself very well, was honourable and burgherlike in his deal-
ings, and maintained as good order and discipline in his com-
pany as any of the captains of this garrison. Indeed his death
was very much lamented by all the burghers and soldiers.
Wherefore we are moved humbly to pray your High Mighti-
nesses that the said widow and children may find grace and
favour in your eyes, and that said children, being three sons
and a daughter, may be reared for the service of the country,
in order that they may follow the footsteps of such a brave
and virtuous father, etc.,
BURGOMASTERS AND ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF BREDA.
Advice of the Council of State regarding a demand for increase
of pay by Colonel Henderson.
HIGH AND POWERFUL LORDS, — . . . That Colonel Henderson
insists on an increase of pay is doubtless more in order that he
may not be paid less than another of the same standing, than
that a company, and such good pay as three hundred guilders
a month, should be considered too little. Therefore our
opinion is (under correction) that it would be better, money
being so scarce at present, to reduce the pay of the other
colonels to three hundred guilders, rather than to increase the
pay of the said Henderson to the level of the others, to, at
least, four hundred guilders a month. So we advised your
High Mightinesses in this matter on the 6th April 1613,
though it pleased your High Mightinesses to do otherwise.
The Hague, the 7th February 1617.
284
THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE
[1617
To the Council of State. (Oct. 17, 1617.)
But certain companies are still mixed with many Germans.
The French companies again begin to receive some people
from France, but they are persons without experience, like
those to be found among the recruits which the English and
Scottish captains received.
Moyens plus expedients pour le recouvrement de noz soldatz
fugitifs.
1618 [without date].
En premier son Exce donnera s'il luy plaist un Acte a
chacun Colonel pour en vertu d'iceluy requerir du Commis-
saire, fourier, ou aultre Officier de chacune ville qui prennent
congnoissance des soldatz entretenuz entre les Compaignies
de leur garnison, les noms des Anglois qui y auront este receuz
depuis que Tarmee des Estatz a este en Campaigne.
Et quTceluy Acte estant delivre par chacun Collonel a un
ou plusieurs officiers de son Regiment pour faire recherche
du leurs fugitifs, et iceulx estant trouvez en quelque ville ou
lieu que ce soit, d'estre assistez des susdictz officiers et Magis-
trats de la garnison pour les faire mettre en prison ou lieu de
surete, en attendant la comodite de les faire mener en TArmee.
Et d'aultant que la briefvete du temps requiert extreme
diligence pour le renfort de noz trouppes, il seroit necessoire
(sy son Exce Ta pour agreable) de faire delivrer a chacun
Collonel plusieurs coppies du dit Acte, signees de sa main,
pour employer en mesme temps plusieurs officiers en divers
lieux, pour amener au iour nomme, s'il est possible tous les
soldatz qui seront trouvez fugitifs.
Representation by Colonel Sir William Brog.
Requests to To THE HlGH MIGHTINESSES MY L.ORDS THE STATES-GENERAL
states-General. OF THE UNITED NETHERLANDS.— The faithful servant of your
High Mightinesses, Sir William Brog, knight and colonel,
hereby showeth with due reverence, that, according to mili-
tary usages worthily observed in these Netherlands, all regi-
ments were and still are provided with high officers, as
colonel, lieutenant-colonel, sergeant-major, quartermaster and
provost, as also was the case in the petitioner's regiment,
some months ago now ; that by the death of the late Lieu-
1618] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 285
tenant-colonel Caddel his place has become vacant, and
by the absence of Captain Gordon the post of sergeant-
major is also vacant, and these two places, which are the
highest and most important next to his own, ought justly
by succession to pass to the two eldest captains in his said
regiment, viz., Captain Allane Coutis and Captain Donald-
sonne ; so that he, the petitioner, hopes that his regiment will
not be held in less esteem by your High Mightinesses than the
others, and the more for this reason, because it is the first and
oldest regiment of foreign nationality in these Netherlands,
and has also rendered so many notable and excellent services,
as the chronicles show, and as are still fresh in the memory of
everybody, and will continue certainly to be so till death.
And considering that it is highly necessary for the service of
the country that the said places should again be filled by good
and able men of quality and experienced persons, who have a
just claim to them, and have merited them by their services,
in order that they may thereby be encouraged, and that all
good discipline may be maintained for the benefit of the
country, and that the order in the petitioner's regiment may
be improved, therefore the petitioner turns to your High
Mightinesses, praying and requesting very humbly that it may
please you, in consideration of the reasons before adduced,
graciously to command that the said Captain Coets [Coutis]
may be promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Donald-
sonne to sergeant-major, in the petitioner's regiment, which they
will repay by faithful obedience unto death, and will always
try to do their duty to the petitioner respectfully. By doing
so, etc., SIR WILLIAM BROG.
Petition on behalf of Sir William Brog, Knight and Colonel.
As, on account of the large amount of public business, it
has pleased your High Mightinesses only to examine and read,
without deciding upon, the petition presented to your High
Mightinesses by Sir William Brog, colonel, in which he requests
that the two gentlemen, Captain Allane Coutis and Captain
Donaldsone, may receive commissions for the posts of lieu-
tenant-colonel and sergeant-major, in which they are daily
employed, in order that they may discharge their duty with
286 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1618
more respect and authority ; and as he, the petitioner, earnestly
hopes that his regiment, as being the oldest in the service of
the country, will not be held in less esteem than any of the
others. So he very humbly prays that it may please your
High Mightinesses provisionally to dispose favourably of his
request concerning the commissions, till the situation of affairs
permit negotiations about their maintenance ; and that in the
meantime all opportunities for serving the country may be
taken advantage of in the best way.
Memorial for Captain Andrew Donaldson.
MY LORDS, — Whereas on the earnest petition of Colonel Sir
William Brog, regarding the disposal of the places of lieu-
tenant-colonel and sergeant-major in his regiment, it pleased
your Lordships to look up the State of War, where it was
found that only the sergeant-major of the said regiment is
known there, which post Captain Andre Donaldsonne, as due
to him by succession, has already filled for some years, at very
great costs, for the service of the country, without as yet
having received authority or commission from you, although
he has made applications for it, and the matter has until now
been postponed. Therefore he prays again very humbly your
Lordships to promote him, the petitioner, to the said post of
sergeant-major; hoping to render such services to the country
in that position, that they will receive every benefit and satis-
faction therefrom.
Petition of Captain James Seyton.
To their High Mightinesses the States-General
of the United Netherlands
Captain James Seyton, lying in garrison at Utrecht, in
the regiment of Colonel Brog, having served this country
well and faithfully for the period of sixteen years, hereby
showeth with all humility and respect, that he has learned
that it pleased your Honours recently to grant a com-
mission in favour of Captain Donaldson to hold the post
and office of sergeant-major of the said regiment, notwith-
standing his unfitness, for the said Donaldson had never pre-
viously in his life before been a soldier, until at the close of
the siege of Sluys he brought over to this country from
i6i5] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 287
England a company of infantry on his own responsibility
(without having had any commission or command from your
High Mightinesses, his Excellency, or any other) ; but, on the
contrary, had been scraping a livelihood by mechanical traffic,
as the sale of hosiery and suchlike wares, at Flushing and
elsewhere, where the best markets were. And during all the
time that he has held a commission as captain, he has never
been face to face with the enemy nor been in action, except
lately before the town and at the capture of Gulick ; which
post aforesaid, and the office of major, should certainly (under
correction) be required and demanded to be filled by an abler
person, and one more practised or experienced in warfare
and military affairs than the said Donaldson, and it was not
in any way his due (I say nothing about some pecuniary con-
ditions, which caused him to be recommended for the post
by his aforesaid colonel) ; and because he never allowed the
flag of any regiment to be carried in his company, except only
since the siege of Gulick. So, on account of this the remon-
strant, out of zeal for the service for the Land, has recourse to
you, humbly praying and making request that it may please
your High Mightinesses favourably to consider what has been
stated, and to fill the said place with some able, fit, qualified
and experienced soldier and officer. Not that the petitioner
is ostentatiously offering himself for the appointment, but
your High Mightinesses may be pleased, with the advice of
his Excellency, to take such measures that the said regiment
and the land may be well and properly served. Inasmuch as
there are in said regiment enough brave, efficient and qualified
persons available; by doing which, etc., J. SEYTONN.
To their High Mightinesses the States- General
of the United Netherlands
Captain James Seyton, in the regiment of Colonel Brogh,
hereby showeth with all humility and reverence, that he,
the petitioner, having lately presented a petition regarding
the post and office of sergeant-major in the said regiment,
and being still concerned about it, by reason of the notable
injury which is happening and may happen to the said
regiment through the want of brave and experienced officers ;
288 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1618
therefore he, the petitioner, turns to your High Mightinesses,
humbly praying and beseeching that it may please you to
appoint to the said post (with the consent of his Excellency)
a qualified, thoroughly experienced and brave person, to the
end that the service of the country generally, and the com-
mands of his Excellency regarding the said regiment, may be
properly carried out and executed. By doing this, etc.,
J. SEYTON.
To their High Mightinesses, the States-General
of the United Netherlands.
Your faithful and humble servant, Sir Robert Hindersoun,
colonel of a regiment of Scottish Infantry, showeth with humility
and reverence that he, the petitioner, having served in these
Netherlands for the time of twenty-four consecutive years in
one grade of service after another, was finally by the kind
favour of your High Mightinesses promoted in January of the
year 1612, with a commission to be colonel, in the place of the
late Lord of Backluge, having also served since that time till
February 5th of the year 1614, in the said position and also in
that of lieutenant-colonel, without receiving any pay except
only a compliment considerately presented by your High
Mightinesses, with which also he, the petitioner, is satisfied.
Thus, though the petitioner's predecessor in said office received
monthly till his death the sum of five hundred Carolingian
guilders, and though likewise every colonel of the English and
Scottish nation in the Land's service earns no less monthly
than four hundred Carolingian guilders, yet the petitioner
himself from that date till now has received no more than three
hundred Carolus guilders monthly. Wherefore, the petitioner
also presented several petitions to your High Mightinesses, and
humbly requested that it might please you to increase his pay
by the said one hundred guilders per month, and thus to treat
him with consideration as all the other colonels of his nation-
ality are treated ; and on all these petitions, the last of which
was presented more than six months ago, your High Mighti-
nesses have come to no other decision than that the petitioner
should have patience for some time still, which hitherto has
been the case with him. Therefore he has recourse again to
i6iS] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 289
your High Mightinesses, praying and requesting very humbly
that it may please you, in consideration of the reasons given
and the continual kind considerateness always shown to all old
and faithful servants of the country, to increase the petitioners
pay as colonel by the said one hundred guilders per month, and
he will try to repay such a favour with ever faithful service.
Which doing, etc. R. HENIIYSOUN.
To their High Mightinesses, the States- General of the
United Netherlands.
The faithful servant of your High Mightinesses, Sir Francis
Hindersonne, showeth with respect and reverence that he, the
petitioner, having petitioned to receive payment of the arrears
of his salary as lieutenant-colonel, it pleased you to refer his
petition to their Lordships, the Council of State of the United
Netherlands, for their advice, which they, in the accom-
panying closed missive, reserve for your High Mightinesses ;
and although their Lordships in such cases usually give
advice to the greatest advantage and profit of the country
generally, they, apparently, according to the aforesaid advice
are of opinion that he, the remonstrant, should for all his
claims be content with a third part of them, or thereabouts.
Therefore he, the petitioner, prays very humbly that it may
please your High Mightinesses to consider the multifarious
and long-continued solicitations made by him about this
matter, and the great and excessive expenses incurred, and in
addition that he, in fulfilling the duties of his office has, like
others of a similar calling and profession who were in receipt
of full pay, given his services diligently and faithfully, and
therefore hopes from the considerateness and prudence of your
High Mightinesses to receive no less pay than they, and the
more so, inasmuch as the money of his, the petitioner's, arrears
of salary, as well as the salaries of all the other officers of the
said regiment have been handed over and paid in full by the
States of Zeeland, into the hands of the Receiver Guil.
Doublet. Therefore his humble prayer is that it may please
your High Mightinesses kindly to see to it that he, the peti-
tioner, in regard to the above-mentioned unsatisfied claims,
may receive satisfaction and be paid, [he] being always willing
to repay such a favour by loyal thankfulness.
290 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1618
[In the margin the following resolution is written :]
It was ascertained from the clerk, Volbergen, what payments
have been made to the petitioner by the States of Zeeland,
and how much is still owing to him for his previous services.
Actum March llth, 1618.
Col. Fr. Henryson.
1618 [without date.] x
Petitions to MY LORDIS, — I have resseived your 1. insinuation and per-
the council seived thair by that your 1. ave bein hardlie informed and
hichelie displesed about that infortunat maleur whitche
against my intentione and to my great regreat is fallin out in
my hand. I dout not bot your 1. hes had the ful relation
theirof boithe frome my frendis and enemeis thair are sudjet
avenche as it is hapned to miscon strew my intentione. I have
no thing to my defence and to beir me witnes save my con-
sience whitche is abil to defend me against al malitious and
senistreous reports whitche kan or has bein giffin your 1. The
fact I wil not excuse, seing it is hapned, bot my intentione to
have done it as your 1. hes resseved informatione I will intrait
you not to beleif, for as god sal beir me witnes and as I houp
to be saved, I nether menit the father who is hurt nor the sone
who is deid any harme tho it be most malleruslie fallin other-
wayis. I confes I gave the fellow who is deid twa strokkis, bot
far frome my intentiones to have takin his lyf, the on was efter
he had confessit to me to have bein commandit by his master
to have so natoraslie thrie tymes as he confessit himself have
takin my lyf he promisit to go allong to me and justifie the
and out the dor he brok almost away out of my
hand. Thair upon I gave him with the pommel of my sword,
upon what part of the heid I know not, bot if it hes protured
his deithe, never man died of one les strok, the other strok
whitche is set doune in the informatione hi did hing out his
toung at al whitche is and was efter he had cuttit me in
the schin with a glas fit him than to weil he was als weil
by al appirance as ani man could be, if he be deid of thois
strokkis, it is best knowne to god for as I sal answer to him I
kan not beleif it, always it was far frome my intentione he
1 The original is in English, and difficult to decipher.
i6i8] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 291
should have died. I houp your 1. may easily forbidden if I
had had any intentione to ave takin his lyf, I could have takin
it in mane other fassione thein efter this kynd and seing that
it is most malleruskie hapned to my extrem greif and kan not
be amendit, I wil most ernestly intreat your 1. favoribil censur
for the offence and oversycht I have comitted to your 1. and
your justice, and think that it is only by ignorance that I have
prosed it efter this fassione and not in contemp. I will most
humblie intreat your 1. that what ever ordur it pleseis you to
take with me that ye wil be pleased to pardone the soldier who
hes no wyl at al and who in manie sundrie occasions has done
your 1. good service sum of them 20, sum of them 30 yearis I
wold have tune according to your directione bot I am nether
weil nor hellger [?] and hes a greit manie affairis of my brothers
children (who is leitly died) that I ... presently in hand with,
so that I wil intreat your 1. favorabel permission. Intreatting
most humblie your 1. favorabil censur of al I kis in humilty
your 1. handis and sal as I have ever bein remayne, your 1.
most humbel and obedient servant, (s.) FRANC. HENRYSON.
[In February 1618, Sir Dudley Carleton wrote to Secretary
Naunton that Sir Francis Henderson's pardon had been granted
by the States, on Carleton's promise in conformity with his
Majesty's express letter of October last, for which 'he had so
well prepared the matter before, by the means of the Prince of
Orange, that it could not well receive a denial, though it was
subject to many main difficulties.']
Captain Scott's Representation. (Feb. 15, 1618.)
MY LORDS, — . . . There was handed to me on this day,
llth of February, a certain copy of a suit, raised against me on
the part of Isabella Moubray, soliciting a divorce, in respect of
which your Lordships were pleased to order that eight days
were to be given me to respond after the issue of the summons.
But since, in absence of Captain Mackenzie, the command has
been laid upon me, here in Hambach, to restrain the soldiers
from all outbreaks and disorders, according to the decrees of
your Lordships, and consequently, in his absence, it would be
very bad in me to absent myself without commission from
their Mightinesses. Therefore, with all due reverence, it is my
292 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1618
humble request that their Lordships will please to pay some
little consideration to this, and arrest procedure in the case
for a short time, till Captain Mackenzie shall have arrived
here ; and I shall then immediately appear in person, and
defend myself by word of mouth, and make remonstrance to
their Lordships about the injustice and abuse which hitherto
has been done me; not doubting their benevolence, and the
righteous judgment which their Mightinesses shall administer
to me. — Herewith kissing their hands with all reverence, I
remain meanwhile your Honourable Mightinesses obedient
servant, ROBERT Scorr.1
Actum Hambach, 15th February 1618.
Advice of the Council of State in the case of John Gordon.
HIGH MIGHTINESSES, — We do not know for what reasons ex-
Captain Johan Gordon 2 was discharged with his company,
since it happened by order of your High Mightinesses, who
undoubtedly had reasons for it.
On the strength of the old services, which he mentions in
his petition as having been done in Brabant by his late father,3
he can make no claims on these united provinces, though it
seems he mentions them, not with a view to receive any pay-
ment for them here, but in order that your High Mightinesses
may be the more inclined to dispose favourably of his request.
And for the services rendered to these Lands by the petitioner,
he has been fully paid, so that (under correction) it is our
opinion, you knowing as well as we do how little the Govern-
ment can bear to be burdened with new salaries, that the
answer to be given to the petitioner's request be : ' Patience.'
Nevertheless, submitting ourselves to the wise and prudent
discretion of your High Mightinesses.
The Hague, 17th February 1618.
Actum. (May 26, 1618.)
To their High Mightinesses the States-General of the
United Netherlands.
Alexander Balcanquall humbly showeth that he, the
1 See pp. 64, 65, 298 ; also, 230, note 2.
2 The company was dismissed in 1609. See pp. 236, 243, and 253.
3 See p. 47.
I6i8] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 293
petitioner, having come over to this country from Scot-
land at the earnest request of the late Lord of Balclough,
with him and his regiment, served in said regiment as
surgeon for the space of over four years ; and thereafter,
on the death of Mr. Robert Beton, formerly pensioned
surgeon of the older Scotch regiment of the late Colonel
Edmont, who departed this life about the year 1607, the
petitioner has from that time till now acted and been employed
as doctor and surgeon- general of both the Scottish regiments.
And now, the said Lord of Balclough having recently left for
Scotland, the petitioner, by his advice, does not neglect to
request of your High Mightinesses ordinary pay, such as the
said Mr. Robbert Beton received in his lifetime. Further, the
petitioner was advised, in case his request should not be dis-
posed of by your High Mightinesses, to let the matter rest till
his said lord and colonel should have returned from Scotland ;
while he, the petitioner, was, in consequence, biding his time,
without pressing further the said request, the said Lord of
Balclough in the meantime departed this life in Scotland ;
whereby the petitioner's well-founded purpose has made no
advance and been ineffective.
And as it is known, and some of your High Mightinesses
are very well aware, that the petitioner has for almost fifteen
years consecutively served the country in the aforesaid capacity
with fidelity, and that there has from the very beginning been
no expedition or camp where the petitioner was not present
provided with the necessary medicines, instruments and ser-
vants, and all at his own expense, and without having received
for it the smallest payment, either from the Land or from the
captains of the said regiment, since the decease of the afore-
said Lord of Balclough ; whereby he, the petitioner, finding
that he has spent enough, and knowing of no means to make
at this time any profit in this country, would like to return to
his native country. Therefore he, the petitioner, requests very
respectfully that it may please your High Mightinesses, in
consideration of what has been stated, to grant the petitioner,
for his long and faithful services, such a sum as, after customary
deliberation, may seem to your High Mightinesses to be proper.
294 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1618
Request of Andrew Hunter.
ILLUSTRISSIMIS POTENTISS. ET CONSULTISSIMIS D.D. DOMINIS
ORDINIBUS GENERALIBUS UNITARUM PROVINCIARUM, — Numerosa
familia, labores mei in sacrosancto ministerio, passim in
omnibus vestris provincijs, apud longe dissitas vestras scoticas
centurias et non exiguae impensae factae in itineribus satis
periculosis a me necessario susceptis versus Juliacenses trans-
isulanos et eos qui in finibus Brabantiae et Cliviae morantur,
me adeo urgent ut in extraordinario mini longum concesso
stipendio vestrarum Illustium opem implorare cogar. Peto
idcirco obnixe ut decurrentis hujus anni (cuius pars una est
elapsa, altera elabitur) stipendium ducentorum florenomm
concedere dignemini. ANDREAS HONTERUS,
Euangelij Jes. Christi Minister
in Copijs Vestris Scoticis.
[The Recorder of the States-General noted on the margin]
Fiat continuatie van het advertissement van des suppl.'s tracte-
ment. gelyck hij dat voor desen genoten heeft. Actum den
xxvii July 1618.
To the Council of State. (Nov. 6, 1618.)
Letters and MY LORDS, — I was a short time ago at Alckmaer on par-
tiie Council ticular business, when I learned from trustworthy burghers,
of State. that the lieutenant of Colonel Henderson, then in garrison,
passed off a great number of 6 passevolenten ' l and inhabi-
tants on half pay in his company; and the same was also
told me by a soldier who formerly served under him. And
even after he had left the service, the lieutenant requested
him to pass as a ' passevolant,' at the last review. In short,
it is true, that the majority of the burghers complained
about it, and the lieutenant himself was frequently blamed,
even in presence of the bailiff, for having held false mus-
ters ; and I doubt not, that if he were taken unawares, with
a muster extraordinary as it were, of which he should have no
suspicion, there would certainly be an exposure, for I have
1 Men hired for the inspection.
i6i8] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 295
learned that it is too gross and extensive, and that he thus
passes a considerable number. But I wished to inform your
worships. — Herewith etc., your Worships1 obedient servant,
FLORES SEROOSKERCKE.
Tholen, 6 November 1618.
To their High Mightinesses, the States-General of the
United Netherlands.
Bentgen Jansz, sorrowing widow of Captain Wilhem Mon- Records of
cryff,1 Scotsman, humbly showeth, that as her late husband Ge^ral.
served this country for many years and lately departed this
life in the service of the country, having been wounded at the
Couwensteyn Dyke, leaving her at the age of nearly seventy-
one years without livelihood, except from the generosity of
your High Mightinesses, which she has received annually out
of commiseration, and for which she must thank your High
Mightinesses, and whereas she never troubles you on other
occasions, except in the greatest need and at the most pressing
times, being also past the set limit of lifetime, therefore she
prays you in her old age, poverty, illness, and distress, in this
hard winter, to consider her desolation, to take into favourable
consideration her husband's services, and accordingly as you
deem best, to give her generous assistance to maintain her this
winter that she perish not in her old days on the streets. And
by your doing so, she will ever feel bound to pray for the
prosperity of the rule of your High Mightinesses and the
unity of the good inhabitants.
[In the margin is written :] ' Let the last resolution taken
regarding the previous request of the petitioner be first looked
into. Actum 17th November 1618.
To the Council of State. (Oct. 81, 1618.)
MY LORDS, — Your lordships1 letters of 30th inst., new style, Letters and
with the annexed request of Lieutenant Livingston, having t
been handed to us, we summoned before us the following of state,
creditors of said lieutenant, and directed their attention to the
1 See p. 46.
296 THE TWELVE YEARS' TRUCE [1618
offer made by him in the said request. And on the part of the
same begged them to rest satisfied therewith. Whereupon the
widow of the late Dirck van Kattenborch, to whom he is
indebted forty-eight guilders, also the man Van Oerken Segers
of the Heringbuijs, to whom he owes a like sum of forty-eight
guilders, and Wilhem van Kattenborch, to whom he is indebted
twenty-six guilders, all declared, avowed, and answered, that
they would accept the said offer, provided Captain Sir Henry
Livingston, brother of the said lieutenant, shall guarantee and
be security for payment in full. Item. Floris van Riemsdyck
in regard to his arrears, amounting to the sum of two hundred
and fifty three guilders ten stuivers declared that he held the
promissory notes and bond of the said captain's wife. And
Beel the brewer said, that the said captain had made her a
promise for the amount due to her of one hundred and three
guilders, and had signed for it in her account-book, and both
of them wished to abide by that. In regard to the man and
the house rent, with a claim according to the foresaid
request amounting to fifty-seven guilders, he does not live in
the town, but under the jurisdiction of the Maas and Waal,
and we spoke to his brother Wilhem van Freycamp about
it, who declares that he will invite his brother to come
us with his answer. Also Johan van Kattenborch appeared
before us, to whom the said lieutenant owes the sum of three
guilders four stuivers, and like the first three creditors aforesaid,
declared that he was satisfied. All of which we mention to
your Hon. Mightinesses also as a more complete reply, respect-
ing the rearrangement of the request aforesaid.
BURGOMASTERS, ALDERMEN AND THE COUNCIL
OF THE TOWN OF TlJEL.
31st October 1618.
To the Council of State. (Nov. 27, 1618.)
My LORDS, — We cannot in the first place omit to mention
in regard to your Lordships repeated writings of 21st inst., new
style, with the request again presented to you by Lieutenant
James Livingston, brother of Captain Sir Henry Livingston,
that we have summoned before us and exhorted to our utmost
the creditors of the said lieutenant, mentioned in his previous
1618] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 297
request presented to your Lordships and forwarded to us, to
rest satisfied with the offer of payment made to them. Where-
upon Floris van Riemsdyck, mentioned in our last, declared
that not only he himself, but also the others refused to accept
the offer, for reasons stated in our foregoing rescript, addressed
to your Lordships (which the foresaid lieutenant neither con-
ceived nor directed). To-day we have once more summoned
before us and exhorted the said Riemsdyck, and besought him
to rest satisfied with the offer made by the foresaid lieutenant.
And with that end in view, strongly urged him to weigh well
the reasons mentioned in your Lordships last writings. On
which the said Reimsdyck answered, and expressly declared,
that he would have no dealings with the said lieutenant, but
on the contrary since said captain's wife had granted him a
certain bond for goods received, he would have recourse to the
law, and bring said captain before the court of this town. After
hearing his answer, sentence was pronounced, an extract of
which is annexed. To this he wished to adhere, trusting also
to be upheld therein, according to the bounden duty of the
judges. And if the said Captain Livingston considered him-
self oppressed thereby, he could have his appeal according to
the laws of this town. Thus we could not induce the said
Floris van Riemsdyck to agree to the request of your Lord-
ships. He said also that it did not concern him when and
where the said lieutenant came by his sickness and maiming,
except to remember well that when he came into garrison here
he was whole. And in this we have done nothing further, and
we know not what to do, nor can we do anything, etc.
BURGOMASTERS, ALDERMEN, AND COUNCIL
OF THE CITY TIJEL.
COPY.
Extract from the Foreigners' Case. — The Signets
ofTijel
The Court, in view of the representation or complaint of
Floris van Riemsdyck, handed over, along with the bond in
favour of the pursuer, on the one side, and on the other side
298 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1618
the answer of Henry Livingston, knight and captain, defender.
After weighing properly the contents of these documents, as also
the power of attorney, given by the said Livingston on the 4th
February in favour of his wife, who acknowledges the foresaid
bond ; do condemn the said defender to lay down and pay to
the said pursuer, within the period of three weeks, the two
hundred and fifty-three guilders ten stuivers mentioned in the
foresaid bond, with the costs of the action, in terms of the
verdict, by right of authority.
Actum 31st October 1618.
(Feb. 14, 1619.)
MY LORDS, — Captain Robert Scott in garrison at Hambach
has come to me with the complaint that your Lordships
summoned him to the Hague for the disposal of the suit
against him. Now since the said captain, as the senior among
the Scottish soldiers here, is in command of the garrison, and
sometimes certain disorders and disputes arise, so that his
presence among the soldiers of his nation is necessary, I
hereby submissively entreat your Lordships to be graciously
pleased to inquire into the circumstances of his charge, and
therein make such good provision that he may be despatched
soon and again returned hither to command and maintain due
order among the people of the Scottish nation, and to
command. . . . (Signed) FIUD PITH AX.
In the Castle of Gulick, 14th February 1619.
(Feb. -i-f 1619.)
MY LORDS, — It has been reported to me by John Law,
soldier, belonging to the company of General Cecyl, by way of
complaint, that the lieutenant commanding the company gave
the said soldier his leave, and against his desire handed him
his passport because of this, that said soldier was struck in the
face by God Almighty, and the lieutenant heard that he was
declaring so. And since, through the testimony of officers, I
have ascertained that the said soldier has long and faith-
fully served the country — both in Ostend, Flanders, and
1619] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 299
elsewhere — and has served latterly seven or eight years in the
company of the said Mr. Cecyl, I hereby object to the dismissal
of the said soldier, and to hunting him out of the country.
I have therefore thought good to inform your Lordships
regarding this affair, with the request that you may be pleased
to write to me, stating what course I shall take in the matter.
Your Worshipful Mightinesses' obedient servant,
(Signed) JACOB CROESSEN.
Utrecht, this if February 1619.
(March 19, 1619.)
MY LORDS, — Since the magistrate of the city of Thijel, etc.,
handed to us a certain missive, with a copy of the request of
Thomas Brussen and Jacques Stuart, forwarded to us by your
Lordships, wherein they as petitioners made known, and
declared what they knew, regarding the murder committed
by Sergeant Geddi on the person of Jan Brusson. So we
could not do otherwise than inform you that we have used all
proper means in order to obtain evidence. Of which evidence
we immediately granted a copy to the petitioners. Then we
also notice from the request that they have not shown the said
copy, and have grievously accused some soldiers, who had been
present at the fight, and on whom they desire to have justice
and judgment administered, whilst we cannot discover that
these soldiers had any hand in the deed. Therefore we feel
bound to forward hereby the said evidence to your Worshipful
Mightiness in order that your worships may thereby be able to
perceive the real state of the case. Which having seen, we
expect the advice and commands of your Lordships as to what
we shall have to do further in the matter. — Praying, etc.
THE GOVERNOR AND COURT-MARTIAL, CONVENED IN TIJEL.
(March 19, 1619.)
Evidence taken in the case of the murder committed by
N. Geddi, sergeant, belonging to the company of Sir Francois
Henderson, Kt., etc., on the 3rd February 1619, in the
chamber of the redoubt on the person of Jan Bruessen.
Elsken the wife of Antonis Dirck, living in the redoubt,
300 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1619
on being heard, declared on oath that she saw that Sergeant
Geddi wishing to go home about eventide, had had some
words with Jan Bruessen, soldier, belonging to the company of
Sir Henry Livingston, and that the words cthou liest' were
spoken, though she knew not who uttered them. Hereupon
the said Jan Bruessen struck the said sergeant in the face.
On which the sergeant seized the chamberpot, and threatened
to strike with it. Then as she the witness prevented him from
doing so, the sergeant felt for his rapier, drew it, and ran
at Jan Bruessen. After which she, witness, noticed that the
said Jan Bruessen was wounded in the body, from which
wound he died during the night, between the 3rd and 4th day
of February 1619. But the witness declared that she did not
observe in what manner the wound was made. This was
signed with the following mark +
Andrew Grant, corporal under Captain Henderson, declared
that on the 3rd of February 1619 he sat on the redoubt with
Jan Bruessen, above the town of Tijel; and as the company
were about to separate, some words passed between Sergeant
Geddi and Jan Bruessen the deceased about betting, running,
and shooting; and that they had a dispute about the two
pounds of the bet that was arranged. After which he the
witness saw that Jan Bruessen the deceased, with hot words,
struck Sergeant Geddi in the face ; and after this happened
then Geddi and Jan Bruessen shook hands, but I know not on
what terms. And on separating, Sergeant Geddi unsheathed
his rapier and stabbed the deceased, but he the witness did not
observe how the wound was made. He the witness declared
that he knew nothing more about the wound, and he signed
his declaration with the following mark A.
John Watson, soldier in the company of Sir Francois Hen-
derson, declared, that he, witness, sat on the redoubt drink-
ing with other soldiers, on the 3rd February 1619, and that
in the company there remarks were made about leaping by
Sergeant Geddi and Jan Bruessen. And finally there was a bet
between them for two tuns of beer, as to who should be first in
a foot race to Nimmegen. For which Jan Bruessen pledged his
coat, desiring that Geddi likewise should give his mantle in
pawn ; who immediately ran to Sergeant Fressell and brought
1619] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC. 301
his mantle, saying there is my pledge. Whereupon Jan Bruessen
said, that is not your mantle, I wish to have your mantle, you
are not worthy to carry such a mantle. Which conversation
being ended, remarks were afterwards again made about the same
bet and the mantle, which Geddi would have given in pledge, of
such a nature that Jan Bruessen, after some passing words, again
said, you are not worthy of such a mantle. After which he,
witness, saw that Jan Bruessen struck Sergeant Geddi on the
left cheek, but he could not make a pertinent declaration as to
the reasons. He, witness, also declared that he saw the said
Geddi with his rapier under his arm, which he unsheathed,
and struck with it towards Jan Bruessen ; but he, witness, did
not observe in what direction the stab was made, and the above
was signed with the following mark — M I.
John Mueleman, Cadet, declared, that he along with other
soldiers sat on the redoubt above the town Tijel, on the 3rd
February ult., where there were present among others Sergeant
Geddi, and Jan Bruessen, soldier, under Sir Henry Livingston,
Knight, etc., between which two persons words were exchanged
about betting. And finally a bet was made between the two
for the sum of two pounds, as to who should gain a foot-race
to Nimmegen. For which bet Jan Bruessen pledged his coat,
which he undid from his person, asking Sergeant Geddi that
he in like manner would pledge his mantle. And as Sergeant
Geddi had no mantle by him, he, witness, declared that he had
seen the said Geddi go to Sergeant Fressel and request from
him his mantle, which Fressel handed to him. And as Geddi
offered to pledge it against the coat, Jan Bruessen would not
receive it, saying, it is your comrade's mantle, I will have your
own mantle. After which he, witness, saw that Jan Bruessen
gave the said Geddi a slap on the cheek, and forthwith
Bruessen immediately ran to the gun, which lay on the bed in
the room. And he, witness, saw that Sergeant Geddi immedi-
ately on receiving the slap drew his rapier and passed him
the witness, going towards Jan Bruessen with a naked rapier.
Thereafter he, witness, heard that Jan Bruessen was wounded,
but he, witness, did not see how he came by the wound.
Piere La Rame, soldier in the company of Mr. Brichenau,
capt., declared that he, witness, was on the redoubt above
302 THE TWELVE YEARS1 TRUCE [1619
the city Tijel on the 3rd February 1619, when among others
sat Sergeant Geddi and Jan Bruessen, that the last named
Jan Bruessen slapped the said Geddi, and Sergeant Geddi
immediately drew his rapier and stabbed Jan Bruessen,
through which he died during the night. He, witness, declared
that he knew not out of what the dispute arose.
Thus done and sworn in the Assembly of the Court Martial
at Tijel on the 8th February 1619, by me the Auditor,
(Signed) JOHAN DIEREN.
Recommendation by the Council of Scotland of Margaret Hamil-
ton^ daughter of the late Captain John Hamilton. (1620.)
TRES-HAUTS ET TRES-ILLUSTRES SEIGNEURS, — Le Capitaine Jean
Hamilton, qui vous a fidelement servi plus de quarante ans en
vos guerres, estant depuis peu de jours mort, sans laisser
aucuns enfans legitimes en vie excepte Damoiselle Marguerite
Hamilton, sa fille unique, qui pour recouvrer la succession de
son feu pere allant aux pai's de vostre obeissance, nous a supplie
de la recommander a vos Seigries afin que par vostre juste
faveur elle puisse obtenir la possession et paisible jouissance
des biens appartenans a son feu pere et recouvrer payement de
ses debtes et descomptes. Et si la malice des parties interessees
la contraint d'entrer en proces pour ses legitimes affaires et
actions, qull plaise a vos Seignes de commander que bonne et
brieve justice luy soit faicte. Encore que soyons asseurez que
requite de sa requeste soit suffisante pour impetrer de voz Seigries
ce que ne refusez a personne, ayant recours a vostre j ustice. Ne-
antmoins le respect que nous portons a beaucoup de gens de bien
et d'honneur en ce Royaume, ausquels lad. damoiselle appar-
tient, nous a induit a vous supplier bien affectueusement de la
proteger et favoriser en toutes ses bonnes affaires et actions, et
la recommander aux Magistrats et autres ayans jurisdiction et
charge es lieux ou les biens de son pere seront trouvez, Afin que
par leur faveur equitable, elle puisse obtenir bonne et brief ve
depesche de ses affaires. Ce que nous obligera de continuer ou
plustost augmenter envers les subjects de vos Seigneuries, ayans
affaire par deca, la bienveillance que de tout temps nous leur
avons monstre a toutes bonnes occasions, selon Festroite amitie
1 620] RESOLUTIONS, REQUESTS, ETC.
que vous porte nostre treshonore Seigneur et Roy, et le devoir
et respect des tresassurez et bien humbles amis de vos tres-
illustres Seigries pour vous servir.
Le Chancelier et Conseillers de sa Majeste au Conseil
et Estat de son Royaume d'Escosse.
DUNFERMLIN.
MAR.
Cancell.
SANCTANDREW
JA. GLASGOW.
WlNTOUN.
LOTHIOME.
WlGTOUNS.
MELROS.
ARSKYNE.
Lislebourg, ce premier jour de Fevrier 1620.
DIVISION III
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
1621-1648
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR 307
INTRODUCTORY
' THE gold and treasure of the Indies,' wrote Sir Thomas
Urquhart of Cromarty, ' not being able to purchase all the
affections of Scotland to the furtherance of Castilian designs,
there have been of late several Scottish colonels under the
command of the Prince of Orange in opposition of the Spa-
gniard, viz., Colonel Edmond, who took the valiant Count de
Buccoy twice prisoner in the field; Sir Henry Balfour, Sir
David Balfour, Colonel Brog, who took a Spanish general in
the field upon the head of his army ; Sir Francis Henderson,
Colonel Scot, Earl of Bucliugh, Sir James Livistoun, now Earl
of Callendar, and lately in these our turmoyles at home, lieu-
tenant-general of both horse and foot ; besides a great many
other worthy colonels, amongst which I will only commemorate
one Colonel Dowglas, who to the States of Holland was often
serviceable in discharging the office and duty of general
engineer.' Of the worthy colonels specified by the Knight of
Cromarty, some had closed their service by honourable deaths
in the preceding war, and the others were to be equally illus-
trious in the long struggle which recommenced in 1621.
When hostilities were resumed, the Scottish Infantry con-
sisted of two regiments, the old one under Sir William Brog,
and Lord Buccleuch's, to the command of which Sir Robert
Henderson had succeeded. The son of Lord Buccleuch,
Walter Scott, created Earl of Buccleuch in 1619, had obtained
an ' Act Expectative ' from the States- General in 1615, pro-
mising him the command of the first regiment that should fall
vacant, or of any new one that might be formed. When, how-
ever, Sir Robert Henderson died in 1622, Prince Maurice
insisted upon the command passing to his brother, Sir Francis,
the lieutenant-colonel, and when Sir Francis died in 1628, the
condition of affairs in the field was such that Prince Frederick
308 THE THIRTY YEARS1 WAR
Henry, who regarded the Scottish troops in his own famous
phrase as ' the Bulwark of the Republic,' again thought it
inadvisable to pass over the experienced lieutenant-colonels, in
favour of a nobleman from Britain, who, however brave, had not
yet had practical training in Low Country campaigning. The
States-General therefore resolved to divide the two regiments
into three. Sir John Halkett was promptly appointed to
succeed Sir Francis Henderson, with Sir David Balfour as his
lieutenant-colonel, and Archibald Bethune as his sergeant-major,
while the Earl of Buccleuch was in 1629 given the command of
the newly organised third regiment, with Sir William Balfour as
lieutenant-colonel, and George Coutts as sergeant-major. In
a very short time, however, there was a considerable change in
the personnel of the field officers. Halkett was killed at Bois-
le-Duc, and succeeded by Sir David Balfour. Sir William
Balfour left the service of the States, and was succeeded by
George Coutts, who received promotion, and the Earl of Buc-
cleuch having died in 1633, the higher officers of the three
regiments in 1634 were :
1. Colonel, Sir William Brog ; lieutenant-colonel, Sir James
Sandilands (in succession to Allan Coutts) ; sergeant-
major, James Erskine.
2. Colonel, Sir David Balfour; lieutenant-colonel, James
Henderson ; sergeant-major, Archibald Douglas.
3. Colonel, Sir James Livingstone, Lord Almond (formerly
lieutenant-colonel of Sir David Balfour's regiment) ;
lieutenant-colonel, George Coutts; sergeant-major, Sir
Philip Balfour.
It will be convenient, therefore, to refer to the three regi-
ments for purposes of identification as Sir William Brog's (or
Sir Henry Balfour's and Brog's) old regiment, Lord Buccleuch's
regiment, and Lord Almond's regiment, it being remembered
that the Earl of Buccleuch was the first colonel of the third
regiment, and was succeeded by Lord Almond.
In August 1621 the war was resumed, and Spinola promptly
laid siege to Juliers, which surrendered in February 1622.
The Dutch camp at Emmerick was surprised one night by the
Spaniards, and among the prisoners taken was ' Sir William
Balfour, a Scoche man whoe is returned upon his ransom.'
INTRODUCTORY 309
The army of the Estates was formed in three brigades, the
first under the Prince of Orange, consisting of English and
Dutch ; the second under Count Henry of Nassau, of Walloons
and French, and the third under Count Ernest of Nassau, of
Dutch and Scotch. ' They (the Dutch),' remarks an English
observer, ' mingle and blend the Scottish among them, which
are like Beans and Peas among chaff. These (the Scots) are
sure men, hardy and resolute, and their example holds up the
Dutch.' l
Concealing his intentions by a feint on the borders of Cleves,
Spinola sent Velasco to seize Steenbergen, and following with
the mass of his army laid strenuous siege to Bergen-op-Zoom.
But the fall of Steenbergen having unveiled his intentions,
Prince Maurice sent Colonel Sir Robert Henderson with a con-
siderable body of troops to reinforce and command the garrison.
A gallant defence was made. ' Colonel Henderson,1 says the
English eyewitness, ' being a discreet and valiant gentleman,
conferred with General Cecil, who was his great friend and his
general at Gulick.1 In one great sally of three or four
thousand men, the English and Scots had the van, the Dutch
the battle, and the French the rear, and Colonel Henderson
was subsequently killed ' in a terrible fight which lasted a night
and a whole morning.'
' I will say nothing,"1 says the chronicler of the siege, * in
commendation of Colonel Henderson ; his own actions commend
him in the highest degree, for he stood all the fight in as great
danger as any common soldier, still encouraging, directing,
and acting with his Pike in his hand. At length he was shot
in the thigh : he received his wound at the front, or, as most
say, being over earnest he stepped into his enemy's trenches.2
So he was nothing but spirit and courage. He shewed it
chiefly in his devotion, and in his earnest calling upon God in
1 Account of siege and relief of Bergen-op-Zoom, 1622, by an English eye-
witness, in Royal MSS. — Dalton's Cecil.
In 1624 * Colonel Sir Andrew Gray, and one, Ramsay, were spoken of to
command Scots regiments for the Palatinate.'
2 In the Memoirs of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, it is stated that
'entre autres le Coronel Henderson fut blesse dont il mourut peu de temps
apres combattant valeureusement a la deffence d'un ouvrage qu'il avoit commence,
que 1'ennemi ne put emporter, quelque effort qu'il fist.5
310 THE THIRTY YEARS1 WAR
his time of sickness, and he was so willing to die that he made
but a recreation of it, for after he had received the Sacrament
he remembered his friends very cheerfully, and being extremely
hot, he asked his physician [for leave] to drink some water ; so
his Physician, seeing he was but a dead man, let him have his
will. He drank five healths ; the first was to the King, the
second to the Prince, the third to the Queen of Bohemia, the
fourth to the Prince of Orange, and the last to the Earl of
Marre. When he had done he desired his brother to thrust
him down into his bed, and so took his leave of this miserable
life/
On the 2nd October Spinola reluctantly raised the siege,
having lost 10,000 men, and the reduction of Fort Papenmuitz
on the western frontier was but a small success to set against
so great a failure.
In 1624, Spinola laid siege to Breda. The Scots and Dutch
are recorded as having held the Antwerp Gate. The defence
was gallant, but unsuccessful, and the fall of the place hastened
the death of Prince Maurice. His mantle fell upon his brother,
Prince Frederick Henry, born a few months before the murder
of their father, William the Silent. In 1626, the Dutch took
Oldenzeel, after a siege of eight days,1 and in July 1627, Prince
Frederick Henry laid siege to Groll, on the confines of Zutphen.
Before the lines of the besiegers were finished, they were
furiously attacked by the enemy in an attempt to relieve the
place, but after a sharp action ' the Spaniards were at length
repulsed by some companies of Scots who were there on guard.' 2
Sergeant-major Drummond of the Scots was killed before the
city,3 which surrendered after a siege of one month.
In 1628 Spinola was recalled, and Prince Frederick Henry
began a series of triumphs.4 On the 30th of April 1629, he
1 The notes of promotion in succession to officers ' deceased ' supply some
indication, although not in all cases a reliable one, of the losses in the field. In
1623, Captain Home ; in 1625, Captain William Hudson, and in 1626, Captains
Mowbray and Sir Henry Livingstone had their places filled upon their decease.
2 ' Historical Account,' Memoirs of Prince Frederick Henry.
8 The death-roll of 1627 also included Captains Scott, Donaldson, and Sir
Walter Bruce.
4 Colonel Sir Francis Henderson died, or was killed, in 1628.
INTRODUCTORY 311
laid siege to Bois-le-Duc, a famous fortress, and the capital of
North Brabant, the three Scots regiments forming part of his
army when assembled on the heath of Mook, and their conduct
in that famous siege, where Sir John Halkett, one of the
colonels, was killed,1 was such that the Prince of Orange
publicly described them as the ' Bulwark of the Republic,' and
ever afterwards c shewed them many marks of his favour and
esteem.' In the month of June Count Ernest Casimir, lately
reinforced by two thousand Scots, carried on his trenches
against the Horn-work before the gate leading to Hintem. A
formidable irruption of strong Spanish forces into the Betuwe,
to cope with which the Prince had to detach a large part of his
force, under Count Ernest, including the new Scottish regiment
of Lord Hay of Kinfauns, temporarily taken into service, was,
however, checked by the surprise of Wesel, where their maga-
zines and stores were, by the garrison of Emmerick ; and the
result of this stroke, and the jealousies between the Spanish
leaders, and those of the Imperial army under Montecuculi, was
that the efforts of an army of fifty thousand men were rendered
fruitless, and the city being reduced to a two days' supply of
gunpowder surrendered on 14th September on honourable
terms. The siege took rank with those of Ostend, Breda, and
Rochelle among the military achievements of the age ; and
Prince Frederick Henry was henceforth regarded as equal in
conduct and courage to his father, William the Silent, and his
brother, Prince Maurice. A fourth Scottish regiment, that of
the Earl of Morton, commanded by Lord Kinfauns, was tem-
porarily employed for five months during this campaign.2
The Dutch were also successful on the Lower Rhine ; in the
following year in the country of Juliers, and in various
encounters in 1631.3 In 1632, an alliance having been con-
cluded between the States and Gustavus Adolphus, then in the
1 There also fell in 1629, Sergeant- Major Archibald Bethune, Lieut. -
Colonel James Haddon, and Captain William Douglas, an officer of inventive
genius. See pp. 358-368.
2 See pp. 396-405.
3 In 1630, Captain Kinninmond, and in 1631, Lieut. -Colonel Allan
Coutts, Captain Bellenden, and Captain Brock were succeeded upon their
decease.
312 THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
midst of that career of victory in Germany, which owed so
much of its success to the hardy valour of his Scottish brigades,
Prince Frederick Henry made another great effort to per-
manently increase the dominions of the United Provinces.
Venlo, Stralen, and Ruremonde successively surrendered, and
on the 10th of June he invested Maestricht, the three Scots
regiments forming part of his army. In vain did the fiery
Pappenheim, at the head of an Imperial army, again and again
assault the besiegers1 lines, in the attempt to relieve the place,
and in vain did the besieged make furious sallies, in repelling
which gallant English lives were lost. The city surrendered
on 2£nd August, and its fall was followed by those of Limburg,
and of Orsoy. Rheinberg also fell in the following year,
one of the two approaches having been intrusted to the
English and Scots, and the other to the French, Germans,
Walloons, and Dutch. In the campaign of 1635, in which a
French army co-operated with the Dutch, the Scots troops
formed the vanguard, and the left next to the cavalry when
encamped before Louvain, the Germans being in the centre,
and the English on the right or in the rear. The combined
forces, however, failed to reduce Louvain. The Fort of Schenck
was taken by the Spaniards, and the only successes were the cap-
ture of several small towns. The Fort of Schenck was recovered
in the following spring. In 1637 the Prince of Orange laid
formal siege to Breda, which in spite of frequent sallies was
forced to surrender on 6th October, the garrison receiving the
same terms as had been granted by Spinola twelve years
before.2
In 1638 the Scots Brigade experienced the greatest disaster
they had suffered since the morning on which so many brave
men fell on the Flemish Downs. Groll, Hertogen-Bosch, and
Maestricht had in succession fallen before Prince Frederick
1 Captain Elphinstone is noted as dead in 1632, and Sergeant- Major M.
Hamilton in 1632.
a In 1635 Captain Patrick and Captain William Brog, in 1636 Colonel Sir
William Brog, and Captain Marjoribanks, and in 1637 Lieut. -Colonel George
Coutts and Captain Williamson were succeeded upon their decease.
The position of the three Scots regiments (Balfour's, Sandilands', and
Almond's) at the siege of Breda, under Count William of Nassau, was at La Hage,
a village on the Antwerp road.
INTRODUCTORY 313
Henry's victorious arms, and he burned to crown his triumphs
by the capture of Antwerp. It was necessary to get posses-
sion of the Flanders side of the Scheldt to prevent the enemy
succouring the city, and the plan adjudged most practicable,
though very difficult, was to pass through the inundations of
the island of Doel to the dike of Fort Calloo. The Prince
ordered Count William of Nassau, with six thousand men, on
this expedition. The troops selected were ' part of the three
Scots regiments of Balfour, Sandilands, and Hammond (Lord
Almond), of the three German regiments of Count Henry, of
Eerenruyter, and his own, a Walloon regiment, and two national
Dutch, those of Brederode and North Holland, with six half
cannons and twelve field pieces.1 1
Count William met with greater difficulties than were
expected, the water of the inundations being much deeper
than had been represented, and the bottom almost a mire.
These inundations had to be waded through for six or
seven miles before Fort Calloo was reached, ' but the soldiers
having overcome all these difficulties by their labour, patience,
and valour, the fort was taken.' The Spaniards, however,
collected a strong army of twenty thousand men, among whose
chiefs was the famous Piccolomini, who attacked the Dutch in
their lines in five places at once, on the 20th of June. The
Spaniards were repulsed after an engagement of eleven hours,
eighteen hundred of their troops and five hundred of the Dutch
being killed. Before, however, reinforcements sent by the
Prince of Orange could arrive, the Spaniards renewed the fight,
and took some forts which covered the Dutch lines. ' Count
William, not thinking himself any longer in a condition to
maintain his ground, retreated in the night-time, the 22nd of
June, in order to rejoin the Prince of Orange on the side of
the Schelde, but was charged so furiously by the Spaniards
that the Scotch, who marched in the rear, were for the most
part cut off, which caused such a consternation in the whole
army that they retired in great confusion, and with so much
precipitation that many, who could not soon enough get
aboard the ships, were drowned in the river.' The Dutch lost
1 Memoirs of Prince Frederick Henry, ' Hist. Acct.,' Hist, of Holland.
314 THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
fifteen hundred killed and drowned, and twenty-two hundred
taken prisoners,1 and the Scots captives, consisting of four
officers and six hundred soldiers, were sent to the Fort of Lillo.
A sharp but indecisive action subsequently took place near
Bergen-op-Zoom, where the Prince of Orange was collecting
the remains of Count William's army, and the Prince of Orange
was subsequently forced to raise the siege of Gueldres. The
campaign of 1639 was also without definite result.2 In 1640 the
Prince of Orange besieged Hulst, and a severe battle was fought
with a relieving force, which drove the Dutch into their lines
with the loss of many brave officers, and the Prince was ultimately
compelled to raise the siege.3 In 1641 he took Gennep, and
his son was married to Princess Mary of England. In 1642
the whole of the States army, nearly one-half of which were
British and French, were reviewed by Queen Henrietta Maria,
and in 1643 the young Prince William distinguished himself
in a hot skirmish near Antwerp.4
In 1644 Prince Frederick Henry transported his army to
Flanders, his first operation being the passage of the Lys, to
which the troops advanced in the following order. 'The
1 On June 25th the Prince, when with 'the army on the Noortgeest,' gave
a commission in succession to Lieut. -Colonel Henderson, deceased, whose
funeral was attended by representatives of the States-General. On I3th Sep-
tember, by a commission given at Velp, near Grave, Captain James Halkett,
deceased, was succeeded. On October 25th Colonel Sir James Sandilands,
deceased, and on December 4th Colonel Sir David Balfour, deceased, were
succeeded in command of their companies. For King Charles's interposition on
behalf of the Scottish prisoners, see p. 449, and for a complete list of their names,
pp. 450-455. They included Sergeant- Major Caddell, and Captain Patrick
Stewart, of Sandiland's regiment (formerly Colonel Brog's), as well as several
subalterns of all three regiments.
2 Colonel Sir Archibald Douglas died in this year, who had succeeded Sir
David Balfour in command of Lord Buccleuch's regiment. He was succeeded
by Colonel John Kirkpatrick. Colonel James Erskinehad succeeded Sandilands
in command of Sir William Brog's old regiment, and Lord Almond being engaged
in the Covenanting troubles in Scotland, his regiment was given to his lieut.-
colonel, Sir Philip Balfour.
3 Lieut. -Colonel A. Caddell died in 1640.
4 This review was in a great plain near Voorne. ' The infantry,' says the
' Historical Account,' ' was drawn up in three lines, at the distance of 100 yards
from each other ; the cavalry in rear of the third line of infantry. The Queen
passed along each line in her coach, the Prince of Orange accompanying her on
horseback, and telling her the names of the colonels and officers as they dropped
INTRODUCTORY 315
Prince of Orange's Horse Guards ; the three regiments of the
Scots Brigade, whose colonels were Erskine, Kirkpatrick, and
Balfour ; l four French regiments, the colonels of which 
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